Transmission of the Chromosome 1 R in Winter Wheat Germplasm Aimengniu and Its Derivatives Revealed by Molecular Markers     

ZHAO Chun-hua CUI Fa ZONG Hao WANG Yu-hai BAO Yin-guang HAO Yuan-feng DU Bin WANG Hong-gang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(6):652-657

In order to clarify the transmission of the rye chromosome 1R in winter wheat germplasm Aimengniu and its derivatives, 17 derivatives and 7 types of Aimengniu were examined through molecular-marker technology. The results showed that the chromosome arm 1RS of Neuzucht was transmitted to 5 of the 7 types of Aimengniu, i.e., Aimengniu Ⅱ and Aimengniu Ⅳ-Aimengniu VII, no segment of t RS was identified in Aimengniu Ⅰ or Aimengniu Ⅲ. As for the 17 derivatives, the 1RS chromosome arm of Aimengniu was transmitted to 11 derivatives, part segments of 1RS were found in 1 derivative, while no segment was found in the remaining 5 ones. The results provided the evidence that molecular-marker technology was an efficient approach and suitable for analysis of the transmission of chromosome 1R.  相似文献   

5个苦瓜地方品种染色体核型分析     

朱恒星  曾正明  何桥  李颖卓  周明彬  郭启高  梁国鲁 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,29(5)

以5个苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)地方品种的种子为试材,利用去壁低渗火焰干燥法进行染色体核型分析。结果表明:5个苦瓜地方品种均为二倍体(2n=2x=22),其核型公式如下:品种134-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属1A核型;品种76-4-5的核型公式为2n=2x=22=18m+4sm,属2A核型;品种70-5-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属1A核型;品种10-3-8的核型公式为2n=2x=22=18m+4sm,属2A核型;品种57-7-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属2A核型。  相似文献   

我国科学家编就世界首部植物染色体图谱     

《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2009,(1)

世界上首部植物基因组染色体图谱日前由中国科学家编撰完成。这部书收录了1978年～2008年我国各地近4000种经济植物的基因组染色体资料,其中珍贵野生物种年龄超过5000岁。这部名为《中国主要经济植物基因组染色体图谱》的图书共5册,分别绘制了我国果树及其野生近缘植物、农作物及其野生近缘植物、园林花卉植物、竹类、药用植物的染色体图谱。图谱由科学出版社出版,  相似文献   

羽衣甘蓝×芥菜型油菜种间杂种再生和染色体加倍     

周清元  李加纳  殷家明  唐章林  谌利  林呐 《西南大学学报》2009,31(4)

以羽衣甘蓝和芥菜型油菜种间杂种(ZH201)(2=3x=ABC=27)为试验材料,以花序轴,果柄和子房为外植体,采用不同处理对其进行再生研究;对获得的再生试管苗用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜进行处理,比较不同因素对染色体加倍的影响;对获得的三倍体和六倍体植株进行形态学和细胞学比较.结果表明:杂种植株再生频率从高到低依次为果柄、子房、花序轴,将外植体直接接种到分化培养基(MS+0.2 NAA+3.0 mg/L 6 BA 3.0 mg/L+5.0 mg/L AgNO3+0.6 mg/L GA3)上再生频率最高.在染色体加倍处理方面,以100 mg/L秋水仙素处理根尖24 h效果最好,获得的六倍体植株与三倍体相比,花朵颜色较深,花瓣较大,花药饱满,荚果能够正常生长,获得部分种子.在细胞学上,三倍体植株在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ存在着大量单价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ发现有大量染色体落后现象.六倍体植株中在花粉母细胞减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ也发现有染色体落后现象,但是落后染色体比三倍体少.

Abstract：

Rachises, pedicels and ovaries from the interspecific hybrid ZH201 (2n= 3X=ABC=27) between Brassica oleracea var. acephala and B. juncea were used as explants and cultured on different media to study their frequency of regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were treated with colchicine or Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) to compare their effect on chromosome doubling and to obtain hexaploid plants. The morphological and cytological characteristics of the triploid and hexaploid plants were compared. The results showed that plantlet regeneration frequency of the explants was in the order of pedicel ＞ ovary ＞ rachis. The highest regeneration frequency was obtained when the explants were directly inoculated on the differentiation medium MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3 +0.6mg/L GA3. The treatment of root meristem with 100 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 hours yielded the best results of chromosome doubling. Compared with their triploid counterparts, the hexaploid plants obtained had bigger petals with darker color and well-filled anther and normal pods and, as a result, yielded some seeds. In cytological examination, many univalent chromosomes were observed during meiosis metaphase I of pollen mother cells of the triploid plants and many lagging chromosomes during anaphase I and anaphase Ⅱ. Though lagging chromosomes were also detected during anaphase Ⅱ and anaphase Ⅱ of the hexaploid plants, their number was much smaller than that of the triploid plants.  相似文献   

甘蓝染色体及伸长DNA纤维制备技术的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

荣小营  朱利泉  王永  王小佳 《西南大学学报》2009,31(6)

以甘蓝根尖、花药、黄化苗等为材料,初步建立了甘蓝有丝分裂前中期染色体、减数分裂粗线期染色体以及伸长DNA纤维等3种具有不同空间分辨率的靶DNA载体的制备技术.结果表明:通过变温处理可以有效提高前中期染色体分裂相比率;采用0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉20℃预处理1 h、2%纤维素酶和2%果胶酶混合液37℃酶解约2 h、0.075 mol/L氯化钾25℃低渗30 min,制备的前中期染色体效果最佳;2%纤维素酶和2%果胶酶混合液37℃酶解约3 h,可获得伸展良好、背景干净的粗线期染色体;分子梳理法与移动界面法相比,前者制备的伸长DNA纤维效果较好.此方法的建立为荧光原位杂交技术在甘蓝相关研究领域的应用打下了坚实的基础.

Abstract：

A method of preparation was established for different FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)resolution on prometaphase and pachytene chromosomes and extended DNA fibers with roots, anthers and albino seedlings of Brassica oleracea. Alternating temperature treatment effectively improved the divisionindex of prometaphase cells. Optimum results were obtained for the preparation of prometaphase chromosomes when pretreatment was made with 0. 002 mol/L 8-hydroxy quinoline at 20 ℃ for 1 h before treatment with the enzyme mixture of 2% cellulase and 2% pectase at 37 ℃ for approximately 2 h in combination with a hypotonic treatment with 0. 075 mol/L potassium chloride at 25 ℃ for 30 min. Well-spread pachytene chromosomes with clear background were obtained through the treatment with the enzyme mixture of 2% cellulase and 2% pectase at 37 ℃ for about 3 h. Molecular combing was better than moving interface for preparing extended DNA fibers. The method lays a solid foundation for the application of FISH in B. oleracea.  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs for Plant Height and Its Components by Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice （Oryza sativa）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

HE Feng-hua XI Zhang-ying ZENG Rui-zhen Akshay TALUKDAR ZHANG Gui-quan 《水稻科学》2005,12(3):151-156

QTLs for plant height and its components on the substituted segments of fifty-two single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） in rice were identified through t-test （P〈0.001） for comparison between each SSSL and recipient parent Huajingxian 74. On the 14 substituted segments, 24 QTLs were detected, 10 for plant height, 2 for panicle length, 4 for length of the first internode from the top, 5 for length of the second internode from the top and 3 for length of the third internode from the top, respectively. All these QTLs were distributed on nine rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5, 9 and 11. The additive effect ranged from -4.08 to 3.98 cm, and the additive effect percentages varied from -19.35% to 10.43%.  相似文献   

水稻抗条纹叶枯病的遗传与育种研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

吴书俊  钟环  左慧  嵇朝球  梁国华 《中国农学通报》2007,23(1):244-244

水稻条纹叶枯病是由灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallen）传播的病毒性病害。近年来,在中国许多水稻种植地区再流行,并成为部分地区水稻生产中的第一大病害。该文对水稻抗条纹叶枯病近年来的流行情况、水稻品种抗性资源筛选、抗性基因的定位和育种利用等进行了综述,并对今后水稻抗条纹叶枯病的育种进行了展望。  相似文献   

安徽一个水仙栽培种的核型研究     

蔡华  邢伟  韦朝领 《热带作物学报》2010,31(12):2130-2134

采用植物染色体根尖压片技术,对安徽一个水仙(Narcissus tazetta Var.chinese Roem.)栽培种进行了染色体核型研究。结果表明:该水仙种的体细胞染色体数目为2n=30,最长与最短染色体长度比为3.63,臂比2∶1的染色体比为0.87,核型不对称系数为70.04%,核型类型为进化程度较高的3B型;在第6组c染色体上有1个随体,核型公式为2n=3x=30=2m+10sm+t+17st(SAT),为节段异源三倍体。该栽培种与其他地区水仙的核型相比存在明显的细胞学差异,表现在随体的个数以及同源异源性方面,产生这种差异的原因可能是由于中国水仙不同变种在不同地区为适应生态环境和栽培条件而在染色体水平上产生了微小变异,这也是中国水仙遗传多样性的细胞学证据之一。  相似文献   

稻属AA染色体组8个种间SSR多样性与亲缘关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨致荣  李润植  魏兴华 《中国水稻科学》2006,20(6):589-595

选用平均分布于水稻基因组的30对SSR 引物,对AA染色体组8个野生稻种共42份材料的遗传多样性及遗传关系进行了研究。结果显示,本试验选取的30个SSR标记均具有多态性,多态性位点百分率为100%。30个多态性位点共扩增出的等位基因数为224, 每个位点可扩增出3～10个等位基因,平均7.47个;等位基因有效数(Ae)变幅为1.25～891,平均5.45。多样性指数中,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.454～2.386,平均1.826;而Nei基因多样性指数变幅为0.199～0.888,平均0.774。系统聚类和带型分析结果表明,亚洲栽培稻(Oryza sativa) 与普通野生稻(O. rufipogon) 的亲缘关系最近,非洲栽培稻(O. glaberrima) 则与巴蒂野生稻(O. barthii) 关系最为密切,杂草稻(O. spontanea) 与普通野生稻 (O. rufipogon)、亚洲栽培稻(O. sativa) 之间有较近的亲缘关系,而展颖野生稻(O. glumaepatula)、长雄蕊野生稻(O. longistaminata)与AA组其他稻种之间的亲缘关系较远。  相似文献   

新疆苔藓植物的染色体观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

买买提明·苏来曼  牙尔买买·铁依甫 《干旱区研究》2000,17(2):53-54

报道了进行苔藓植物细胞学研究的方法和５种新疆产的苔藓配子体生长点细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体数：（１）银藓Ａｎｏｍｏｂｒｙｕｍ ｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ（Ｄｉｃｋｓ．）Ｈｕｎｓｎ．,ｎ＝１０;（２）细叶真角藓Ｂｒｙｕｍ ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｅ Ｌ．ｅｘＨｅｄｗ．,ｎ＝１０;（３）柔叶真藓Ｂｒｙｕｍ ｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｅ Ｈｏｏｋ．,ｎ＝１０;（４）牛角藓Ｃｒａｔｏｍｅｕｒｏｎ ｆｉｌｉｃｉｎｕｍ（Ｈｅｄｗ．）Ｓ  相似文献