小麦-黑麦易位系的细胞学和SSR检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁海燕  郑茂波  张利敏  徐英博  李集临 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(3):1315-1317

[目的]对从小麦-黑麦代换系5R/5A与6R/6A杂交后代中选育的高代材料07-4进行鉴定。[方法]利用形态学、细胞学以及SSR标记技术进行综合分析。[结果]品系07-4农艺性状较好,有大穗、多小穗的优良特性;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ（PMC MI）染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,它与中国春小麦的杂种F1的PMC MI绝大多数细胞中形成21个二价体,且有四价体出现。SSR引物SCM268能在07-4品系中稳定地扩增出黑麦特异片段。[结论]综合形态学、细胞学和SSR分析结果初步确定,品系07-4是一个小麦-黑麦易位系。  相似文献   

南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持机理研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

康万利揭雨成  邢虎成 《中国农学通报》2012,28(9):66-69

为了明确苎麻水土保持机理,进而为大面积利用苎麻治理坡耕地水土流失提供理论依据,对苎麻不同利用方式叶面积指数、茎叶截留效应、枯落物持水能力、地下根系分布进行了研究。结果表明：不收获小区苎麻叶面积指数明显大于对照;苎麻不收获小区茎叶截留量最大为2.56 mm,高于其他小区;最大枯落物持水量,不收获小区最大为2.4 mm,饲用小区最小为0 mm;种植苎麻小区不同类型根系鲜重为萝卜根>扁担根>龙头根>细根;苎麻根系深度可达60 cm,玉米根系深度只有30 cm。研究表明,苎麻水土保持效果好,主要是其根系入土深、主根发达、根系分布广、覆盖时间长、叶面积指数大。  相似文献   

Effects of Shading at Different Stages After Anthesis on Maize Grain Weight and Quality at Cytology Level   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

JIA Shi-fang  LI Cong-feng  DONG Shu-ting  ZHANG Ji-wang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(1):58-69

The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of different stages of shading after anthesis on grain weight and quality of maize at cytology level.The shading experiments were conducted in the field from 2005 to 2006,with a common maize cultivar(TY2)as the experimental material.Plants were given stress using horizontal shading net and the light intensity was reduced by 55%.Field-grown maize plants were shaded at 1-14 d(S1),15-28 d(S2),and 29-42 d(S3)after pollination,respectively.Control plants(S0)were grown under natural light.Grain weight,quality,endosperm cell proliferation,cob sugar content,and grain pedicel vascular bundle cross section area were measured.The ultrastructural changes of endosperm cells and endosperm transfer cells were observed after pollination.The result indicated that the grain weight,starch content,endosperm cell number,and volume were declined after shading.On the contrary,the proportion of embryo and endosperm,protein content,and fat content in grain increased.Shading treatments significantly delayed the development of the starch granules and remarkably reduced the endosperm filling status.Among the three treatments.the number of the grain endosperm was the least under shading stress at 1-14 d after pollination.However,the volume of starch granules and the substantiation of endosperm under shading treatment at 15-28 d after pollination were the worst.Compared with the control(natural sunlight without shading),the soluble sugar of maize cob increased significantly,while there was no obvious change in vascular structure of small cluster stalk.The number of protein body in maize endosperm was influenced markedly by low light at different stages after pollination.Low light decreased the volume of the grain endosperm transfer and the cell wall extensions of the basal transfer cells became thinner and shorter under shading treatment than those of the control.Furthermore,the degree of connection and the capacity of the nutrient transport were decreased and the mitochondrion number of the transfer cell was reduced after shading.The change in grain quality after shading was observed due to increase in the proportion of embryo and endosperm.The morphology and functions in endosperm transfer cell and the shortage of energy restricted the nutrient transport greatly with shading at different stages,suggesting that an impeded flux may be one of the important reasons for the reduction of maize grain weight of maize grain at later growth stage under low light condition.  相似文献   

甘蓝型油菜MSL不育系花药发育的细胞学研究     

罗灿灿  沈家葆  黄小芳  郭媛  胡胜武 《西北农业学报》2017,26(10):1470-1476

为了揭示MSL(male sterility lembke)的小孢子败育时期及其特点,从而促进中国及世界油菜杂种优势利用的步伐。选用MSL衍生系的不育材料和可育材料为试验材料,采用常规压片和石蜡切片技术,观察其花药发育过程。通过对MSL不育材料的细胞学观察,发现MSL可发育到四分体时期,四分体不同程度皱缩,绒毡层径向伸长,并含有一个特别大的液泡,液泡将细胞核和细胞质挤向细胞的一边,胞质浓缩。随着发育的进行,绒毡层进一步伸长,向内挤压四分体,腔室体积变小。紧接着液泡化并且伸长了的绒毡层和浓缩的四分体溶解在一起,花粉囊横切面的形状发生改变,由圆形变成长条形,最后整个花药室萎缩。结果表明MSL的败育时期为四分体时期,由于绒毡层的异常而导致败育。  相似文献   

植物多倍体的形成及其二倍化机制     

田恩堂  贺朱林  周平  杨梅  王天娅  孟金陵 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(11)

大约70%的开花植物在进化史上都经历过多倍化的过程,多倍体植物通常具有较强的可塑性,容易形成新物种。而新形成的多倍体往往不能稳定存在,其基因组需要再经历一次二倍化的过程,从而在基因水平上和细胞学水平上更接近二倍体。对多倍体二倍化的机制和相关研究的未来发展情况进行了探讨。  相似文献   

杉木愈伤组织及再生芽分化的细胞学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄娟  吴鹏飞  魏志超  王玉珍  马祥庆 《福建林学院学报》2017,37(4)

研究杉木愈伤组织形成及再生芽分化过程中的细胞组织发育规律,为建立杉木遗传转化体系提供科学依据。以杉木茎段为外植体,通过对组织培养条件下产生的愈伤组织进行体视显微镜和石蜡切片观察,分析愈伤组织的结构、形成及再生芽分化过程中的细胞组织变化规律。结果表明:愈伤组织先是由杉木茎段切口处表皮细胞分裂,再由维管束薄壁细胞通过脱分化逐渐形成的;愈伤组织在增殖期间分生细胞会形成不同维管组织;愈伤组织的再生芽分化是由愈伤组织的表皮分生细胞团先分化形成芽原基,再形成肉眼可见的再生芽;不定芽可从茎段直接分化形成,亦可通过愈伤组织再分化形成,两种不定芽发生方式均为外起源。  相似文献   

Cytological Evaluation and Karyotype Analysis in Plant Germplasms of Elytngia Desv.     

MAO Pei-sheng  HUANG Ying  WANG Xin-guo  MENG Lin  MAO Pei-cbun  ZHANG Guo-fang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(11):1553-1560

Elytrigia Desv. is widely distributed throughout the world and is represented with species of various levels of ploidy including diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, octaploids, and decaploids. The distribution pattern of these ploidy levels, however, is not well-defined. In this study, the levels of ploidy for 64 accessions of Elytrigia from 25 countries were determined with microscopic procedures. The results showed that accessions of E. intermedia and E. repens were grouped into three distinct levels of ploidy including diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids. For E. elongata, E. pontica, and E. caespitosa, it was found that two ploidy levels presented, and only one ploidy level was in those of E. hybrid, E. pycnantha, E. pungens, E. juncea, and E. alatavica. Karyotype analysis indicated that the karyotype formula of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid of E. intermedia was 2n = 2x = 14 = 6m ＋ 6sm ＋ 2st, 2n = 4x = 28 = 2M ＋ 10m ＋ 16sm and 2n = 6x = 42 = 4M ＋ 18m ＋ 20sin, respectively. Furthermore, the karyotype formula of three germplasms in tetraploid of E. intermedia was 2n=4x=28 =2M＋ 10m＋ 16sm, 2n=4x=28=4M＋22m （sat）＋2sm and 2n=4x=28 =4M＋ 12m＋ 12sm （sat）, which were not completely uniform. Therefore, it could be suggested that the studies about chromosome constitution would be helpful for the detail understanding of the diversity of germplasm resource in Elytrigia and promoting the utilization in the crop molecular breeding.  相似文献   

滇牡丹分类处理的细胞学与分子生物学证据     

孔红  成仿云 《浙江林学院学报》2010,27(4):601-605

滇牡丹Paeonia delavayi是中国西南地区特有种,其分类一直存在争议。回顾了滇牡丹的分类历史和分类处理,综述了滇牡丹在细胞学及分子生物学的研究现状及进展,着重介绍了滇牡丹的染色体核型、Giemsa C-带、同工酶生化标记、分子标记及基因序列测定等研究成果,认为染色体核型、Giemsa C-带、同工酶生化标记、分子标记等结果支持将滇牡丹复合群归并为滇牡丹一个种的分类处理,基因序列分析只涉及滇牡丹的2个居群,认为二者亲缘关系很近。表1参42  相似文献   

植物异源单体附加系鉴定方法研究     

马兰 《黑龙江农业科学》2010,(4):5-7

植物异源单体附加系是利用外源基因进行品种改良和基因组研究的重要材料。综合阐明了形态标记、细胞学标记、生化标记、分子标记和原位杂交技术在鉴定植物异源单体附加系中的作用,并对各种技术的优缺点进行了综合比较。  相似文献   

小麦-黑麦衍生系的细胞学和抗病性鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵毓  王长有  刘新伦  王亚娟  吉万全 《西北农业学报》2010,19(6):74-77

N9820是以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)阿勃6D染色体缺体系为母本,六倍体小麦-奥地利黑麦(Secale cereale L.)双二倍体N9116为父本培育出的小麦-黑麦衍生系,本研究对该衍生系的农艺性状、抗病性及细胞学进行了鉴定。N9820在形态学和细胞学上稳定,体细胞染色体数目为2n=42,PMC MI染色体构型为2n=21 Ⅱ,N9820与阿勃二体杂交F1的染色体构型为2n=20 Ⅱ+2Ⅰ。该衍生系在苗期和成株期对条锈菌条中32号生理小种和陕西省白粉菌混合菌系菌表现高抗,抗病基因来源于奥地利黑麦。N9820是一个兼抗条锈病和白粉病的小麦-黑麦二体异代换系,可作为抗源用于小麦抗病育种。  相似文献