新疆某牛场大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及16S rRNA序列分析     

周婷婷  凌晨  张慧敏  任立松  侯凤  贺笋  张飞 《中国奶牛》2021,(3):30-35

为了调查新疆某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻的原因并确定病原,无菌采集15份腹泻犊牛粪样进行病原的分离培养,采用形态学观察、生化试验、血清学和致病性分析等方法鉴定分离菌株,利用大肠杆菌16SrRNA通用引物进行基因序列扩增并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的其他菌株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega...  相似文献   

不同处理对蛭石栽培的微型薯疮痂病防控效果及其微生态效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡洪涛  朱志刚  周荣华  杨靖钟  蔡兴奎  颜冬冬 《华中农业大学学报》2021,40(4):72-79

通过田间小区试验评价了6个不同处理对蛭石栽培的微型马铃薯疮痂病的防效,并采用16S核糖体基因高通量测序技术研究了蛭石中细菌群落结构的变化.试验结果显示,棉隆+青霉菌34107处理对疮痂病防效最好(93.43％),显著高于对照药剂中生菌素处理(65.10％);而且商品薯的数量和经济效益也最高,分别达到348.3万个/hm...  相似文献   

Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties     

Kamlesh Jangid  Mark A. Williams  Thomas M. Schmidt  William B. Whitman 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(10):2184-2193

The response of soil microbial communities following changes in land-use is governed by multiple factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) whether soil microbial communities track the changes in aboveground vegetation during succession; and (ii) whether microbial communities return to their native state over time. Two successional gradients with different vegetation were studied at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan. The first gradient comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (CT), mid-succession forest (SF) abandoned from cultivation prior to 1951, and native deciduous forest (DF). The second gradient comprised the CT cropland, early-succession grassland (ES) restored in 1989, and long-term mowed grassland (MG). With succession, the total microbial PLFAs and soil microbial biomass C consistently increased in both gradients. While bacterial rRNA gene diversity remained unchanged, the abundance and composition of many bacterial phyla changed significantly. Moreover, microbial communities in the relatively pristine DF and MG soils were very similar despite major differences in soil properties and vegetation. After >50 years of succession, and despite different vegetation, microbial communities in SF were more similar to those in mature DF than in CT. In contrast, even after 17 years of succession, microbial communities in ES were more similar to CT than endpoint MG despite very different vegetation between CT and ES. This result suggested a lasting impact of cultivation history on the soil microbial community. With conversion of deciduous to conifer forest (CF), there was a significant change in multiple soil properties that correlated with changes in microbial biomass, rRNA gene diversity and community composition. In conclusion, history of land-use was a stronger determinant of the composition of microbial communities than vegetation and soil properties. Further, microbial communities in disturbed soils apparently return to their native state with time.  相似文献   

一株分离自葛藤根际高效溶磷细菌特性研究及菌株鉴定     

李显刚  姚拓  王小利  陆瑞霞 《中国土壤与肥料》2012,(2):87-91

对分离自葛藤(Pueraria lobata L.)根际的一株高效溶磷细菌GTR15进行促生特性、主要生理生化指标测定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明,菌株GTR15的HD/CD值(溶磷圈直径HD,菌落直径CD)为2.22,28℃液体振荡培养7 d后对磷酸钙的溶解量为138.72 mg.L-1,分泌IAA(3-吲哚乙酸)及有机酸量分别为14.44 mg.L-1、46.00 mmol.L-1。菌株革兰氏染色为阴性,细胞短杆状;淀粉水解、吲哚、V-P(二乙酰试验)、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、明胶液化及M-R(甲基红)试验呈阴性;柠檬酸盐、过氧化氢酶、硫化氢及硝酸盐还原等试验呈阳性,结合菌株16S rDNA序列分析结果,初步鉴定为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。该菌株在研制高效微生物磷肥接种剂方面可能具有较大潜力。  相似文献   

铅锌矿区重金属污染对微生物数量及放线菌群落结构的影响     

李小林  颜森  张小平  韦成健 《农业环境保护》2011,(3):468-475

采集四川省汉源县富泉乡万顺铅锌矿区5个不同重金属浓度的土壤样品,进行了微生物数量及放线菌多样性的研究。经分离、纯化得到43株不同的放线菌,然后对其进行BOXAIR-PCR和16SrDNAPCR-RFLP分析。结果表明,铅锌矿区重金属复合污染对土壤微生物数量有较大的影响,随着铅锌矿区重金属污染程度的加剧,土壤微生物的总数下降。相关性分析表明,重金属含量与细菌数量呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）,与放线菌数量、真菌数量呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。供试菌株的16SrDNA用HaeⅢ、HinfⅠ和TaqⅠ酶切后具有32种遗传图谱类型。BOXAIR-PCR的聚类结果表明在86%的水平上,所有菌株分为10个遗传类型,结果基本与16SrDNAPCR-RFLP聚类差异不大。来源于高重金属的含量样品的菌株基本聚在一起,可能是重金属含量影响了放线菌的分布。同时,16SrDNA序列聚类分析结合系统发育树分析表明链霉菌属是汉源铅锌矿区主要的放线菌属并且具有遗传多样性。  相似文献   

毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征及16S rDNA多样性分析     

袁宗胜  ;刘芳  ;张国防 《广西农业生物科学》2014,(5):1019-1024

本研究利用传统的细菌分离方法,结合16S rDNA序列分析对毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征和多样性进行了分析。从福建省武夷山、将乐、长汀毛竹竹鞭中分离到34株内生细菌,初步归属于14属,20种。来源于不同地区的毛竹竹鞭内生细菌组成存在较大差异,其优势菌群为产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）和葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）。  相似文献   

Community structure of bacteria on different types of mineral particles in a sandy soil     

Masaya Nishiyama  Ryohei Sugita  Shigeto Otsuka  Keishi Senoo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):562-567

Various types of mineral particles in a soil probably provide different microenvironments for microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of mineral in a soil harbor different bacterial populations. DNA was extracted from five types (quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, magnetite, iron-coated reddish brown particles) of sand-size mineral particles separated from a sandy soil, and was amplified for partial 16 S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-nine to 69 amplicons per each type of mineral were cloned and sequenced, followed by phylogenetic affiliation of the sequences. As a result, some types of bacteria were detected on all of the types of mineral including the orders Rhizobiales, Bacillales, and Acidobacteriales. In the case of Acidobacteriales, higher percentages were found on magnetite and quartz. Some taxa were restricted to specific types of mineral; the class Actinobacteria was found on pyroxene but not on quartz, and rarely on magnetite and feldspar. Bacterial diversity at the order level estimated by Chao1 value was higher in feldspar and pyroxene than the other three types of mineral. The UniFrac Significance test indicated that the differences in bacterial communitiy structures among the particles were suggestive except that between feldspar and pyroxene. These results support the idea that different communities of bacteria were associated with each of the mineral types.  相似文献   

产低温淀粉酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质初步研究     

王继莲  李明源  宋保健  古丽巴哈尔·萨吾提 《农业生物技术学报》2016,(3):426-434

对低温淀粉酶资源的开发是功能酶研究的新热点,本研究从东帕米尔高原江布拉克冰川冻土中分离获得多株高产低温淀粉酶菌株,最高产酶菌株D5-2经16S rDNA鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)细菌.对D5-2所产淀粉酶性质进行初步分析,结果表明,其最适作用温度和pH值分别为25 ℃和6.5,酶的热稳定性较差,40 ℃处理1h后酶活急剧下降,至70℃酶活力仅存23％;在pH 5.5～8.0条件下,酶活力相对稳定;Mn2+和Mg2+对淀粉酶有激活作用,而乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)、Fe2+和Na+则抑制酶活.结果提示,菌株D5-2分泌的淀粉酶符合低温酶特性,应用空间较大,值得深入探究开发.  相似文献   

Plot-scale manipulations of organic matter inputs to soils correlate with shifts in microbial community composition in a lowland tropical rain forest     

Diana R. Nemergut  Cory C. Cleveland  Christopher L. Washenberger 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2153-2160

Little is known about the organisms responsible for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems, or how variations in their relative abundance may influence soil carbon (C) cycling. Here, we altered organic matter in situ by manipulating both litter and throughfall inputs to tropical rain forest soils, and then used qPCR and error-corrected bar-coded pyrosequencing to investigate how the resulting changes in soil chemical properties affected microbial community structure. The plot-scale manipulations drove significant changes in microbial community composition: Acidobacteria were present in greater relative abundance in litter removal plots than in double-litter plots, while Alphaproteobacteria were found in higher relative abundance in double-litter and throughfall reduction plots than in control or litter removal plots. In addition, the bacterial:archaeal ratio was higher in double-litter than no-litter plots. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N), and soil N and C pools, while acidobacterial relative abundance was negatively correlated with these same factors. Bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively correlated with soil moisture, total soil C and N, extractable ammonium pools, and soil C:N ratios. Additionally, bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively related to the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and negatively correlated to the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Acidobacteria. Together, our results support the copiotrophic/oligotrophic model of soil heterotrophic microbes suggested by Fierer et al. (2007).  相似文献   

The influence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Christian L. Lauber  Michael S. Strickland  Mark A. Bradford  Noah Fierer   《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(9):2407

Land-use change can have significant impacts on soil conditions and microbial communities are likely to respond to these changes. However, such responses are poorly characterized as few studies have examined how specific changes in edaphic characteristics do, or do not, influence the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types. Soil samples were collected from four replicated (n = 3) land-use types (hardwood and pine forests, cultivated and livestock pasture lands) in the southeastern US to assess the effects of land-use change on microbial community structure and distribution. We used quantitative PCR to estimate bacterial–fungal ratios and clone libraries targeting small-subunit rRNA genes to independently characterize the bacterial and fungal communities. Although some soil properties (soil texture and nutrient status) did significantly differ across land-use types, other edaphic factors (e.g., pH) did not vary consistently with land-use. Bacterial–fungal ratios were not significantly different across the land-uses and distinct land-use types did not necessarily harbor distinct soil fungal or bacterial communities. Rather, the composition of bacterial and fungal communities was most strongly correlated with specific soil properties. Soil pH was the best predictor of bacterial community composition across this landscape while fungal community composition was most closely associated with changes in soil nutrient status. Together these results suggest that specific changes in edaphic properties, not necessarily land-use type itself, may best predict shifts in microbial community composition across a given landscape. In addition, our results demonstrate the utility of using sequence-based approaches to concurrently analyze bacterial and fungal communities as such analyses provide detailed phylogenetic information on individual communities and permit the robust assessment of the biogeographical patterns exhibited by soil microbial communities.  相似文献