Effects of supplementary feeds with different protein levels on growth and economic performances of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in a rain-fed rice–fish ecosystem     

M. A. R. Mridha  M. A. Hossain  M. Nahiduzzaman  M. S. Uddin 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2017,29(2):152-166

This study investigated the effects of supplementary feeds with different crude protein (CP) levels on the growth and economic performances of sex-reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a rain-fed rice–fish ecosystem for a period of 120 days. There were four treatments—namely, traditional feed (21% CP), formulated feed (26% CP), commercial feed (30% CP), and control (no feed was used)—with three replicates per treatment. Fish (30.04 g) were stocked in ditches at a rate of 0.5 fish m^?2 considering the total area and fed one of the tested feeds twice daily at the rate of 2%–5% of body weight. Water-quality parameters of the ditches were monitored fortnightly, and these parameters were found suitable for fish farming. Organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorous in soil were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the feed treatments after fish cultivation. Highly significant weight gain and SGR were observed with fish fed the commercial feed as compared with other treatments. The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.15) was found in the control, followed by formulated feed (1.90), but in the case of numerical net return, it was the opposite. However, commercial feed showed the lowest benefit-cost ratio (1.67) due to higher feed cost than other supplementary feeds. Therefore, this study suggests that fish fed with a formulated feed (26% CP) produced significantly higher net economic return in the rice–fish farming system.  相似文献   

Nutritional Qualities of the Low-Value Bivalve Mollusks Paphia malabarica and Villorita cyprinoides at the Estuarine Waters of the Southwestern Coast of India     

Minju Joy 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(1):54-70

The bivalve mollusks Paphia malabarica and Villorita cyprinoides collected from the estuarine system located in the southwest coastal waters of India were evaluated for their nutritional composition. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (> 1.0) with a greater quantity of sulfur-containing amino acids in these species demonstrated that they could provide well-balanced protein depositions. The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in P. malabarica was found to be greater than 2, and, therefore, can be considered as a healthy diet. The C₂₀–C₂₂ long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (for example, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) accounted for more than 23% of the total fatty acid content in P. malabarica as compared to about 7% in V. cyprinoides. P. malabarica showed greater hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (1.7) and lesser atherogenicity (0.7), thrombogenicity (0.3) indices when contrasted with those in V. cyprinoides, thereby indicating the nutritional superiority of the former. A greater content of vitamin D₃ (> 150 IU), along with significant quantities of calcium and phosphorus (> 500 mg/100 g) in the clams, signified their importance in preventing osteoporosis. This study demonstrated the importance of bivalves, in particular, P. malabarica as a valued species for human consumption.  相似文献   

中华稻蝗两地理种群乙酰胆碱酯酶生化特性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨美玲  吴海花  郭亚平  马恩波 《农业环境科学学报》2005,24(3):572-575

采用生物测定方法,对采自山西省临猗县和江苏省徐州市郊中华稻蝗五龄若虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)特性进行了比较研究,同时测定了2种群五龄若虫对马拉硫磷的敏感性。用对氧磷、氧化毒死蜱和甲基内吸磷3种有机磷抑制剂对2种群中华稻蝗五龄若虫AChE的体外抑制进行的研究表明,该2种群AChE对对氧磷、氧化毒死蜱、甲基内吸磷的敏感性没有显著差异,临猗种群比徐州种群分别高1.24、1.13和0.82倍;乙酰胆碱酯酶动力学研究结果表明,临猗种群的动力学参数米氏常数(Km值)和最大反应速度(Vmax值)均较徐州种群为高;用乙酰硫代胆碱(ATC)做底物测定AChE活性,2种群AChE活性无显著差异,临猗种群是徐州种群的1.24倍。而2种群生物测定结果表明,临猗种群和徐州种群五龄若虫对马拉硫磷的敏感度有差异,徐州种群五龄若虫的LD50值(13.00μg·g-1虫质量)是临猗种群(4.64μg·g-1虫质量)的2.8倍。据此推测,中华稻蝗徐州种群马拉硫磷敏感性下降与AChE无相关性,可能存在其他影响因素。  相似文献   

Conservation implications of isotopic variation in nails and blood with wetland quality in three species of Australian freshwater turtle     

Roxane J. Francis  Kate J. Brandis  Bruce C. Chessman  Eve Slavich  Richard T. Kingsford 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(1):e4056

汞离子胁迫对红鳍笛鲷抗氧化酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王学锋  陈海刚  蔡文贵  秦洁芳  贾晓平 《水产学报》2010,34(12):1829-1836

为探讨鱼体抗氧化系统以及神经系统对水体中汞胁迫的响应机制,在实验条件下研究了汞离子对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼[体长为(4.95±0.79)cm,体重为(4.57±2.02)g]的急性毒性及对鱼体肝脏、鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力的影响。结果表明:半静水实验条件下,汞离子对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的安全浓度为0.040mg/L。汞离子暴露6h时,各浓度组的肝脏SOD酶活均比对照组有显著升高(P<0.05)。随暴露时间的增加,低浓度组SOD的活性变化较小,而高浓度组鱼体肝脏SOD的活性出现被诱导或被抑制的现象,表明鱼体在高浓度汞胁迫下抗氧化系统出现一定程度的紊乱。鳃的SOD活力在暴露6h亦显著升高,随时间的延长,各浓度组SOD的活性具不同程度的下降趋势。MDA含量的变化表明,鳃组织在暴露6h时已开始受到显著损伤(P<0.05),而肝在6h时无显著变化,在12h时开始受损伤。脑组织AChE活性在暴露6h时略受抑制(P>0.05);暴露12h时高浓度组显著增加(P<0.05),诱导率平均为36%;汞离子暴露24h时,鱼脑AChE的抑制率分别为28%～38%;暴露48h、96h时抑制率...  相似文献   

Decoding Australia's China threat narrative during 2016–2021     

Kerry Liu 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2023,64(1):126-141

Australia–China relations began to sour in 2016, and the China threat narrative began to dominate since then. Unlike previous studies which either use a qualitative approach or cross-sectional dataset for empirical analysis, this study creatively creates high-frequency weekly and monthly time series datasets using the Google Trends search results during January 2016–February 2021. Based on a series of time series modellings, this study examines the roles of various actors, including China's own policies, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and Clive Hamilton, various factors, including Chinese purchase of Australian housing, Chinese investment in Australia, Chinese students in Australia and China's rise and various media outlets, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian Financial Review, Sydney Morning Herald, Daily Telegraph and Herald Sun, in contributing to Australia's China threat narrative. This study makes significant contributions to academia in methods by bringing a new quantitative approach to international relations studies and to policy-makers as well by quantifying the roles of various actors, factors and media outlets in Australia's China policy debate.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term application of various organic amendments on soil particulate organic matter storage and chemical stabilisation of vertisol soil     

Keke Hua  Zhibin Guo 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(6):505-514

Current understanding of the effects of long-term application of various organic amendments on soil particulate organic matter (POM) storage and chemical stabilisation remains limited. Therefore, we collected soil samples from the soil profile (0–100?cm) under six treatments in a 31-year long-term fertilisation experiment: no fertiliser (CK), mineral fertilisers (NPK), mineral fertilisers plus 3.8 or 7.5?t?ha^?1?year^?1 (fresh base) the amount of wheat straw (1/2SNPK and SNPK) and mineral fertilisers plus swine or cattle manure (PMNPK and CMNPK). Long-term incorporation of wheat straw and livestock manure amendments significantly (p?<?0.05) increased crop yield and sustainable yield index, and POM storage compared with CK and NPK treatments. The mole ratios of H/C in the POM under organic amendment treatments significantly (p?<?0.05) decreased by 13.8% and 37.1%, respectively, compared with the NPK treatment. Similarly, solid state NMR spectroscopy showed that the O–alkyl carbon content of POM was greatly decreased, whereas aromatic carbon contents and alkyl to O–alkyl carbon ratios were substantially increased under PMNPK and CMNPK treatments. In conclusion, we recommend long-term livestock manure application as a preferred strategy for enhancing POM quantity and quality (chemical stability), and crop yield of vertisol soil in northern China.  相似文献   

设施葡萄不同新梢间距处理对冠层光环境及果实品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史祥宾  刘凤之  程存刚  王孝娣  冀晓昊  王宝亮  郑晓翠  王海波 《园艺学报》2018,45(3):436-446

选用6年生‘贝达’砧木嫁接的‘京蜜’葡萄为试材,在控制果实负载量相同的前提下,设置10、15和20 cm新梢间距处理,连续两年研究其3种新梢间距处理条件下葡萄冠层光环境及果实品质的差异。结果表明：树体冠层总孔隙度和开度为新梢间距20 cm处理 > 15 cm处理 > 10 cm处理,叶面积指数和光能截获率表现相反,新梢间距10 cm 处理 > 15 cm处理 > 20 cm处理。20 cm间距处理光能利用率低,10 cm处理叶面积指数过高,树体郁闭,15 cm处理叶面积指数合理,光能利用率高。果实单粒质量在新梢间距15 和20 cm处理间无显著差异,显著高于10 cm处理;果皮色泽以15 cm间距处理最佳,其次为20 cm处理,10 cm处理最差。果实内在品质,可溶性糖和维生素C含量以新梢间距15 cm处理 > 20 cm处理 > 10 cm处理,可滴定酸含量表现相反趋势,10 cm间距处理最高,15和20 cm处理间无显著差异。特征香气组分中具有玫瑰香味的芳樟醇与绿叶清香和果香的正己醛含量均以15 cm间距处理显著高于其他两个处理;清香和果香味的橙花醇、花香味的香叶醇、甜玫瑰香味的香茅醇及绿叶清香和果香味的2–己烯醛含量均以15和20 cm新梢间距处理显著高于10 cm处理。15 cm间距处理挥发性香气物质的含量较高,表现更浓的品种香气。综合认为,设施栽培中水平龙干树形配合高光效V形叶幕的‘京蜜’葡萄以新梢间距15 cm处理表现最佳。  相似文献   

Comparison of New Ultrasonic Digestion Approaches for Plant Matrices in the Analysis of Trace Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy Analysis: Contrast with USEPA Method 3050B     

Golam Ahmed  David Takuwa  Inonge T. Chibua  Zibisani Bagai  Lebogang Morekisi  Hilary Shoniwa 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(4):512-520

An ultrasonic method using two approaches, A and B, along with a reference Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 3050B [i.e., a mixture of 30 mL of nitric acid–hydrochloric acid–hydrogen peroxide–water (HNO₃-HCl-H₂O₂-H₂O)] were contrasted for leaching of a plant matrix. The trace metals were arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, and zinc (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) and quantified by ICP-OES followed by an investigation into residue formation and the impact of digestion time. Approach B was the most accurate and precise with percent recoveries ranging between 99 and 120%, whereas ultrasonic approach A and the USEPA method 3050B gave similar results with poor accuracies and precisions. In the optimization of the digestion time using approach B, the total metal recovery was fairly the same over a period of 120 min except for Cr and Cu, which showed slight variations.  相似文献   

Modeling aerobic decomposition of rice straw during the off-rice season in an Andisol paddy soil in a cold temperate region of Japan: Effects of soil temperature and moisture     

Miyuki Nakajima  Shuirong Tang  Yasuaki Hori  Eiko Yaginuma  Satoshi Hattori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2016,62(1):90-98

Submerged rice paddies are a major source of methane (CH₄) which is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO₂). Accelerating rice straw decomposition during the off-rice season could help to reduce CH₄ emission from rice paddies during the single rice-growth season in cold temperate regions. For understanding how both temperature and moisture can affect the rate of rice straw decomposition during the off-rice season in the cold temperate region of Tohoku district, Japan, a modeling incubation experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Bulk soil and soil mixed with 2% of δ¹³C-labeled rice straw with a full factorial combination of four temperature levels (?5 to 5, 5, 15, 25°C) and two moisture levels (60% and 100% WFPS) were incubated for 24 weeks. The daily change from ?5 to 5°C was used to model the freezing–thawing cycles occurring during the winter season. The rates of rice straw decomposition were calculated by (i) CO₂ production; (ii) change in the soil organic carbon (SOC) content; and (iii) change in the δ¹³C value of SOC. The results indicated that both temperature and moisture affected the rate of rice straw decomposition during the 24-week aerobic incubation period. Rates of rice straw decomposition increased not only with high temperature, but also with high moisture conditions. The rates of rice straw decomposition were more accurately calculated by CO₂ production compared to those calculated by the change in the SOC content, or in its δ¹³C value. Under high moisture at 100% WFPS condition, the rates of rice straw decomposition were 14.0, 22.2, 33.5 and 46.2% at ?5 to 5, 5, 15 and 25°C temperature treatments, respectively. While under low moisture at 60% WFPS condition, these rates were 12.7, 18.3, 31.2 and 38.4%, respectively. The Q₁₀ of rice straw decomposition was higher between ?5 to 5 and 5°C than that between 5 and 15°C and that between 15 and 25°C. Daily freezing–thawing cycles (from ?5 to 5°C) did not stimulate rice straw decomposition compared with low temperature at 5°C. This study implies that to reduce CH₄ emission from rice paddies during the single rice-growth season in the cold temperate regions, enhancing rice straw decomposition during the high temperature period is very important.  相似文献