85例肝硬化患者根除幽门螺杆菌治疗后血氨浓度的改变     

冯涛  ;邱宗琴  ;高向东 《吉林林学院学报》2007,(6):539-540

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响.方法85例肝硬化患者分为Hp阳性组62例,阴性组23例.两组都给予口服乳果糖15 mg/次,3次/d,一般治疗5 d,治疗前后分别测空腹静脉血氨.随后将Hp阳性组随机分两组,A组31例,给予奥美拉唑20 mg,阿莫西林1.0 g,替硝唑1.0 g;B组31例,给予奥美拉唑20 mg.A,B两组药物用法均为口服,2次/d,疗程2周.治疗结束及停药1个月后测空腹静脉血氨.结果肝硬化Hp阳性组血氨浓度为（104.4±8.2）μmol·L^-1,明显高于Hp阴性组的血氨浓度（81.7±7.5）μmol·L^-1（P〈0.05）.Hp阳性A组根除Hp治疗后血氨浓度为（54.9±10.2）μmol·L^-1,A,B两组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）.结论Hp感染能导致肝硬化患者血氨升高,可能为肝性脑病的诱因之一.  相似文献   

Ammonia abatement strategies in livestock production: A case study of a poultry installation     

A.J. Angus  I.D. Hodge  M.A. Sutton 《Agricultural Systems》2006

This study uses a linear programming approach to compare the potential effectiveness of uniform rules (under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive) and a landscape-scale (a scale that includes different land-uses) based policy for reducing ammonia (NH₃) emissions and their related impacts from an operating case-study poultry installation. The model incorporates a variety of potential NH₃ abatement techniques. It also incorporates the first application of a spatial model of the diffusion of environmental impacts from NH₃ emissions. This models N deposition at a nearby nature reserve.  相似文献   

1t/h棉籽泡沫酸脱绒设备加工中残酸值与氨中和的分析     

王慎安  胡延礼  丁田德 《农业工程学报》1992,8(1):113-117

通过对泡沫酸脱绒后的棉种残酸值与氨中和的研究和探讨,用回归分析法对残酸值和氨中和效果进行了预测,并经优化计算,得出最佳方案。  相似文献   

Quantitative analyses of nitrogen cycling genes in soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Matthew D. Wallenstein  Rytas J. Vilgalys 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(6):665-672

  相似文献   

实验条件下人工气候舱内的气体质量分析     

顾宪红  杜荣  韩振鹏 《农业工程学报》1997,13(5):188-191

为规范科研实验条件，更好地为现代畜牧业产业化服务，检验了农业部动物营养学重点开放实验室程控式人工气候舱（简称环控舱）的通风系统的功能，对装载动物的环控舱在正常运转５ｄ以上的气体成分进行分析。测定结果表明舱内的氨气和二氧化碳浓度分别为１１．３～１９．７ｍＬ／ｍ^３和８９０～１ ４００ｍＬ／ｍ^３，均低于家畜卫生标准，但鸡试验舱在上午开舱门清粪前的氨气浓度和猪试验舱的二氧化碳浓度较高，接近了卫生标准的上限值。  相似文献   

华北农田土壤氨挥发原位测定研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

董文旭  胡春胜  张玉铭 《中国生态农业学报》2006,14(3):46-48

通过系数矫正后的双层海绵吸收法对不同N肥处理和NPK配施下氨气挥发损失特征研究结果表明,N肥施用方式、土壤温度以及灌溉是影响氨挥发的重要因素。施肥后氨挥发损失量为0.67~9.91kg/hm2,占施N量的0.41%~5.0%。玉米季氨挥发量占全年挥发损失的80%以上。尿素与过磷酸钙配施可显著降低氨挥发,在此基础上施用KCl,尿素氨挥发损失变化不明显。  相似文献   

Hydrolase activities, microbial biomass and bacterial community in a soil after long-term amendment with different composts     

M. Ros  J.A. Pascual  M.T. Hernandez 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(12):3443-3452

The use of composts in agricultural soils is a widespread practice and the positive effects on soil and plants are known from numerous studies. However, there have been few attempts to compare the effects of different kinds of composts in one single study. The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent and to which soil depth four major types of composts would affect the soil and its microbiota.In a crop-rotation field experiment, composts produced from (i) urban organic wastes, (ii) green wastes, (iii) manure and (iv) sewage sludge were applied at a rate equivalent to 175 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for 12 years. General (total organic C (C_org), total N (N_t), microbial biomass C (C_mic), and basal respiration), specific (enzyme activities related to C, N and P cycles), biochemical properties and bacterial genetic diversity (based on DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA) were analyzed at different depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm).Compost treatment increased C_org at all depths from 11 g kg⁻¹ for control soil to 16.7 g kg⁻¹ for the case of sewage sludge compost. Total N increased with compost treatment at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths, but not at 20-30 cm. Basal respiration and C_mic declined with depth, and the composts resulted in an increase of C_mic and basal respiration. Enzyme activities were different depend on the enzyme and among compost treatments, but in general, the enzyme activities were higher in the upper layers (0-10 and 10-20 cm) than in the 20-30 cm layer. Diversity of ammonia oxidizers and bacteria was lower in the control than in the compost soils. The type of compost had less influence on the composition of the microbial communities than did soil depth.Some of the properties were sensitive enough to distinguish between different compost, while others were not. This stresses the need of multi-parameter approaches when investigating treatment effects on the soil microbial community. In general, with respect to measures of activity, biomass and community diversity, differences down the soil profile were more pronounced than those due to the compost treatments.  相似文献   

基于激光吸收光谱技术的太湖流域稻田氨挥发研究     

阙华礼  杨文亮  王书伟  丁世杰  邵玲玲  朱安宁 《土壤》2020,52(6):1164-1169

氨挥发是太湖流域农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一。本试验采用高时间分辨率的TDLAS-BLS技术研究太湖流域稻田追肥期氨挥发规律及其影响因素。结果表明：追肥后稻田上方空气中氨浓度白天明显大于夜间，而且瞬时波动较大。稻田氨挥发速率呈现先上升后下降的趋势，峰值出现在施肥后的2~3天，且氨挥发仅持续一周左右。分蘖期氨挥发速率和损失率均大于抽穗期，氨挥发损失率分别为36.6%、23.0%。氨挥发集中在较短时间内，分蘖期、抽穗期施肥后前四天的累积氨挥发量分别占总氨挥发损失的80%、84%。分蘖期风速、光照、气温对稻田氨挥发均具有明显的促进作用，其中光照的作用更为显著；抽穗期风速和气温对氨挥发的影响较低。降雨对氨挥发具有强烈的抑制作用，降雨期间是影响氨挥发产生的主要因素。  相似文献   

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and ammonia volatilization from fresh,aerobically and anaerobically treated pig manure during incubation with soil   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

M. Pilar Bernal  Holger Kirchmann 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(3):135-141

Summary We studied the decomposition of aerobically and anaerobically treated pig manure during a 2-month incubation with soil. The manure samples had not been in contact with straw or with animal urine. The aerobically decomposed manure proved to be the most stable (23% C mineralization), followed by fresh (75%) and anaerobically treated manure (105%, priming effect). The course of mineralization fitted combined first- and zeroorder kinetics. In the anaerobically treated manure, 76% of NH ₄ ⁺ -N was immobilized during the initial incubation phase, followed by a slow linear mineralization. In the aerobically treated manure there was a slow linear mineralization after 5 days, and in the fresh material, a slightly faster linear mineralization after 6 days. Total mineralized N was very similar after 2 months (12%) in all treatments. Total NH₃ losses were highest from the anaerobically treated manure (14%), reflecting a higher NH ₄ ⁺ content with N mineralization following first-order kinetics. Relating NH₃ losses to the initial NH ₄ ⁺ content showed that all NH₃ in the aerobically treated manure was volatilized, whereas only 28% was volatilized from the fresh and the anaerobically treated manure. Present address: Department of Soil Science, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK  相似文献   

Effects of some environmental factors on ammonia volatilization from simulated livestock urine applied to soil   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

D. C. Whitehead  N. Raistrick 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,11(4):279-284

Summary The proportion of the N that was volatilized as ammonia during 8 days, following the application of simulated livestock urine to soil, increased from 25 to 38% as the temperature of incubation was increased from 4° to 20°C in a system with a continuous flow of air at 70% relative humidity. However, volatilization was reduced if the application was followed by simulated rain; the reduction was greater as the amount of rain increased (up to at least 16 mm) and became less with an increasing length of time (up to 2–3 days) after the application of the urine. The effects of the soil water content before application of the urine, and of the relative humidity of the air, were generally small but volatilization was reduced by a combination of air-dry soil with a low relative humidity. Volatilization was slight (7%) when the flow of air was restricted to 0.5 h in every 12 h but, with an air flow for 12 h in every 24 h, the volatilization was much closer to that with a continuous flow for the whole 8-day period. When cool or dry conditions were imposed for 8 days and then more favourable conditions were instituted for a second period of 8 days, there was a substantial increase in volatilization following the change.  相似文献