病原检测基因芯片应用及在水产病害检测的前景   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

许拉  黄健  杨冰 《海洋水产研究》2008,29(1):109-114

基因芯片技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新技术,已成为国内外研究的热点。作为生物芯片技术发展中最完备的一个分支,基因芯片以其高通量、高灵敏性、高特异性的特点,在细菌、病毒、真菌等病原检测和鉴定方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了基因芯片的原理和作为检测手段的优越性,并综述了基因芯片技术在细菌和病毒检测方面的应用,分析了现有水产动物病原检测技术,提出了在现有水产动物病原生物信息学的基础上,研发水产养殖动物病害诊断基因芯片的策略。  相似文献   

Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies     

Danielle Johnston  Roy Melville-Smith  Blair Hendriks  Bruce Phillips 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):77-84

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.  相似文献   

A bioenergetic and protein flux model to simulate fish growth in commercial farms: Application to the gilthead seabream     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2019

A model for fish growth simulation based on the bioenergetic factorial approach is presented. This work presents a novel approach that extends the traditional bioenergetic model by explicitly including the Energy and Protein fluxes (EP model). This is a valuable feature that allows the dynamic simulation of fish proximate composition. For the aquaculture industry it represents a trade-off between detailed process simulation and feasibility of model implementation, namely regarding data gathering on an operational setting. The EP model is targeted to simulate fish production in commercial farms. Farm data for feed intake, feed composition (energy and protein content), temperature over time and the initial fish body weight are the only required data to run the model. Furthermore, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values of the feed used in the farm must be known or else ADC values of feeds with similar composition can be used. The EP model implementation is illustrated for the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) based on published experimental data. The model was validated (r = 0.997, p < 0.05, n = 12) using a published experimental data set for gilthead seabream reared in a range of temperatures that reproduce the conditions in most countries producing this species. For the entire growth period (488 days) the estimated mean absolute error (MAE) is 8.8 g.fish⁻¹ and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 8.3%. Simulation of fish growth in real operational conditions is evaluated with three datasets from a commercial farm that operates in earthen ponds with temperatures ranging between 12.6 °C and 24.8 °C. Overall the model outputs match well with the production data in the 3 batches. Initial weight ranged between 2.8 g and 3.7 g. The deviation between the data and simulated final weights is below 15 g, for a final weight around 435 g. The maximum absolute error is 21.1 g per fish (MAE) and in percentage 8.3% (MAPE).  相似文献   

干露及恢复过程中菲律宾蛤仔免疫指标的变化     

王钰  王文文  谢深涵  袁梦  丁晓倩  闫喜武  秦艳杰 《农学学报》2021,11(4):38-43

在滩涂养殖和运输过程中,菲律宾蛤仔经常处于干露状态。笔者研究了蛤仔在干露胁迫和随后的恢复过程中酶活力和免疫相关物质含量的变化,初步揭示了滩涂贝类耐干露的生理学机制。在蛤仔干露12、24、48 h,以及恢复培养2、6、12、24 h时分别取蛤仔鳃和内脏团,测定酶活力及免疫相关物质含量,设持续海水养殖的蛤仔为对照组。结果表明,蛤仔在干露胁迫12 h和24 h时,内脏团AKP活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);CAT活性在整个实验中与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),鳃中AKP和CAT活力与对照组差异不大;内脏团SOD活力在干露12 h时显著升高,而鳃中SOD活力在恢复期显著升高(P<0.05);内脏团中MDA含量在干露24 h时显著高于对照组,鳃中MDA含量在干露12 h和24 h时显著低于对照组;内脏团NO含量在恢复海水后6 h时显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而鳃在干露48 h时NO含量显著高于对照组。分析认为,干露过程中,蛤仔呼吸代谢减慢,鳃的生理机能维持平稳或受到抑制,代谢和免疫保护作用主要由内脏团来完成。恢复培养时,随着呼吸作用和血液循环的恢复,鳃逐渐承担起部分抗氧化功能,使机体迅速恢复到正常生理状态。  相似文献   

Improving feeding strategies for shrimp farming using fuzzy logic,based on water quality parameters     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2018

In intensive shrimp farming systems, formulated feed represents the main nutrition source and its adequate management significantly influences the economic feasibility of the farm. Based on that, the present study evaluated two dynamic feeding strategies: fuzzy logic (FL) and mathematical functions (MF). For both strategies, the temperature and dissolved oxygen were modified in a controlled way. A conventional feeding table was the control treatment. The results showed that DO was the parameter that mostly influences the feeding rate (74%) while the temperature also did it, but in a lower grade (26%). The results showed that feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly better when the FL strategy was used, saving around 35% of feed when compared to the control. An expert system based on FL may replace the traditional feeding strategies with no significant adverse effects on growth, survival and FCR, and may easily be adapted to some other culture systems.  相似文献   

Polyculture production of vegetables and red hybrid tilapia for self-consumption by means of micro-scale aquaponic systems     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2021

  相似文献   

中国海水鱼养殖业发展轨迹及技术变迁     

周井娟 《农学学报》2020,10(7):88-96

海水鱼营养价值高,深受百姓喜爱,市场供不应求。中国是海水养殖大国,在海水鱼养殖的探索和实践中,积累了丰富的经验。文章借助于《中国渔业统计年鉴》和联合国粮农组织渔业统计数据库,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对新中国成立以来海水鱼养殖业整体发展概况、品种结构和区域分布特征、养殖模式及其成本收益等指标的发展脉络进行梳理;对海水鱼品种选育、病害防控、营养需求和饲料配方、精细化管理以及养殖工程设施等技术变迁的路径进行分析,以便深度挖掘产业发展的演进规律,为制定产业可持续发展战略提供参考。  相似文献   

Bactericidal activity of cecropin B and cecropin P₁ expressed in fish cells (CHSE-214): application in controlling fish bacterial pathogens     

Aliye Sarmasik  Thomas T. Chen   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):183-194

Cecropins are a group of antimicrobial peptides which have bactericidal activity against a broad range of bacteria. To date, the cecropins used in a variety of studies were either purified from their natural source or obtained by chemical synthesis. The present study was conducted to test whether bactericidally active cecropins could be expressed in a fish cell line. For this purpose, Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) were transfected with cecropin transgene constructs: Hyalophora cecropia preprocecropin B, procecropin B, cecropin B, and porcine P₁ cecropin. From the transfected cells, single cell clones were selected and screened for the presence of cecropin gene constructs by PCR amplification. The expression of the cecropin transgene in the PCR positive clones was determined by RT-PCR reaction. Southern blot hybridization results showed that the cecropin gene constructs were integrated into the genome in a multiple integration pattern. Bactericidal activity of the cecropins, synthesized from transgene constructs, was detected using inhibition zone assay for fish pathogenic bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio anguillarum. Cecropin antimicrobial peptides produced in CHSE-214 cells possess bactericidal activity against these three fish pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

Self-organization and mechanical properties of mussel culture suspensions: A critical review     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2019

Published information on the spatial organization of mussel culture suspensions (collectors, socks, droppers and poles) is reviewed. Despite the several hundred studies on mussel culture this type of information is very scarce but suggests that mussels self-organize into phyllotatic patterns similar to those widely studied in cylindrical/tubular biological structures and mineral crystals. I demonstrate that space regulated self-thinning (SST) models developed for plane substrates are not applicable to mussel suspensions and propose a new SST model based on the packing geometry of mussel shells around a rope. The robustness of this model is assessed by its application to a wide range of cultured populations. This comparison suggests that the carrying capacity of individual suspensions for commercial-sized mussels is equivalent to a single layer of tightly packed mussels around the rope, independently of the species, type of suspension, presence/absence of pegs, site (growth rate) and stocking density and size. The emergent mechanical properties of these porous, extremely rough and heterogeneous bodies are reviewed. The proposed SST model provides insights into the biomechanical processes of self-thinning and sloughing.  相似文献   

Application of nitrification and denitrification processes in a direct water reuse system for pacific white shrimp farmed in biofloc system     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2020

The aim of the present study was to propose a low-cost nitrogen removal system through the nitrification / denitrification process in order to maintain the water quality required for the Pacific white shrimp superintensive cultivation in closed systems without water renewal. The increase in productivity consequently causes the accumulation of organic matter and nitrogenous compounds, especially ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, which in high concentrations can be lethal to aquatic organisms. In addition, the accumulation of solids in the system provides conditions for the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, microalgae booms, and increases the producer's cost of inputs to maintain the equilibrium physicochemical relationships required for shrimp farming. The experimental productive cycle lasted 36 days using Litopenaeus vannamei shrimps with 7.1 g ± 0.56 g and density of 350 shrimps m⁻³. The nitrogen removal efficiency observed during the study period was 71.3 ± 5.3 %, and the shrimp had a survival of 92.9 % and a final weight of 13.1 ± 1.4 g. Thus, we established a system (ammonia and nitrite), capable of managing solids without interaction with the sea, ensuring high biosecurity against exogenous diseases in marine shrimps farms.  相似文献