乡村振兴战略背景下沿岸小型海洋渔业渔民自治组织发展研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马彩云  唐议 《上海海洋大学学报》2020,29(2):305-312

小型渔业组织化、规模化管理是小型渔业管理的国际趋势。在乡村振兴战略背景下,政府下放对小型渔业的管理权至渔民组织,实现小型渔业渔民组织自治,对发展我国小型渔业自治组织具有重要的现实意义,有助于解决当前我国在小型渔业管理上出现的绩效低、成本高、效果差等问题。通过对我国小型渔业渔民组织和日本渔业自治组织现状的实地调查,运用自组织理论,并借鉴性分析日本小型渔业自治组织的发展经验以及对我国发展小型渔业渔民自治组织的启示,分析出我国小型渔业渔民组织存在自治机制缺失、组织机构不完善、运作不规范、被动受管制缺乏内生动力、合作社的纽带作用缺失引发信任危机、奖惩机制缺失导致社会激励不足等问题。最后提出发展我国小型渔业自治组织需赋予其渔业管理权力、创新渔业管理制度、完善组织机构、严格按组织章程规范运作、发挥合作社纽带作用以强化信任机制、完善奖惩机制以加强社会激励等建议。  相似文献   

Catch length analysis, relation to minimum landing sizes and management implications from a Mediterranean small-scale fishery (Patraikos Gulf, Greece)     

Evangelos Tzanatos  Stylianos Somarakis  George Tserpes  Constantin Koutsikopoulos 《Fisheries Research》2008,93(1-2):125-134

Fisheries management in the Mediterranean is planned on the basis of fishing effort allocation, gear technical characteristics and minimum landing sizes (MLSs), the latter being a measure recently updated in the EU Mediterranean fisheries policy. Very few elements on the evaluation of the MLS in regard to the catch and landings of the small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean exist and this is due to both the great heterogeneity of the sector and the lack of systematic monitoring. The catch length composition of five species (Merluccius merluccius, Diplodus annularis, Mullus barbatus, Sepia officinalis and Squilla mantis) from a yearly record of small-scale fishing operations in the Patraikos Gulf (w. Greece, e. Mediterranean) was associated with temporal (season), spatial (depth of fishing, substrate type) and fishery (métier) characteristics by means of general linear models. Smaller individuals appeared in the catch in autumn for all five species indicating this season as suitable if a seasonal fishery closure was established. When length was found to be significantly different between different métiers this was either due to smaller mesh sizes (M. barbatus) or due to gear type (M. merluccius). For all species except S. officinalis, depth significantly affected length of individuals in the catch providing in the case of M. merluccius a clear association of bigger individuals with deeper fishing grounds. Substrate types also affected the length for the species D. annularis, M. barbatus. In relation to MLSs, the sizes of Mullus surmuletus and Scomber japonicus were fully legal, M. merluccius, M. barbatus, Solea vulgaris, Trachurus mediterraneus, Pagellus erythrinus had higher than 80% of the catch over MLS, while D. annularis, Diplodus sargus, Sparus aurata and Pagellus acarne had high fractions of the total catch below MLS. The métiers where undersized individuals appear were identified. Further management implications of the findings are discussed taking into account the current management scheme and the discarding practices in the area.  相似文献   

A comparison of methods to spatially represent pelagic longline fishing effort in catch and bycatch studies     

Daniel C. Dunn  Connie Y. Kot  Patrick N. Halpin   《Fisheries Research》2008,92(2-3):268-276

Bycatch in fisheries has been recognized as a threat to many endangered populations of sea turtles, sea birds and marine mammals. Interactions between pelagic longline fisheries and critically endangered populations of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) have led to temporary closures of the Hawaiian pelagic longline swordfish fishery and severe bycatch quotas. The negative impact of these events on both the populations of certain endangered species and the economic livelihood of the fishermen has resulted in a strong push from all sides to better understand bycatch events. Typically, analyses of longline catch and bycatch have examined fishing effort summarized over large areas (≥1°). Although aggregation of effort to this level may be necessary to account for uncertainty, confidentiality concerns, or to make comparisons across regions, it specifically limits the researcher's ability to characterize the local oceanographic factors that may drive individual bycatch events. Higher resolution analyses must be undertaken to identify such features. However, for these higher resolution analyses, the methods currently used to spatially represent pelagic longline fishing effort may significantly affect researcher's results. Here, we look at different methods to represent this fishing effort (i.e., points, centroids, polylines and polygons) at various resolutions (2 km to 5°) to better understand which method and spatial resolution are most appropriate. Our results validate the use of point features to represent fishing effort in previous low resolution studies of the Hawaiian pelagic longline fishery by showing that the set point method is suitable for studies with resolutions lower than 15 km. However, at higher resolutions (≤15 km) and in areas with more sparsely distributed fishing, aggregated effort values differed significantly between spatial representation methods. We demonstrate that the use of polygons to describe pelagic longline fishing effort is more representative and necessary for such high resolution analyses.  相似文献   

Size matters: How single-species management can contribute to ecosystem-based fisheries management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rainer Froese  Amanda Stern-Pirlot  Henning Winker  Didier Gascuel 《Fisheries Research》2008,92(2-3):231-241

In this study we show how substantial gains towards the goals of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) can be achieved by different single-species management. We show that fishing has much less impact on stocks if fish are caught after they have reached the size (L_opt) where growth rate and cohort biomass are maximum. To demonstrate our point we compare the impact of three fishing scenarios on 9 stocks from the North Sea and the Baltic. Scenario (1) is the current fishing regime, scenario (2) is a new management regime proposed by the European Commission, aiming for maximum sustainable yield obtained from all stocks, and scenario (3) is set so that it achieves the same yield as scenario (2), albeit with fishing on sizes beyond L_opt. Results show that scenarios (2) and (3) are significant improvements compared to current fishing practice. However, scenario (3) consistently shows least impact on the stocks, with seven-fold higher biomass of demersal fishes and an age structure similar to an unfished stock. This allows juveniles and adults to better fulfil their ecological roles, a major step towards the goals of ecosystem-based fisheries management. We give examples where scenario (3) is practiced in successful fisheries. We present a new interpretation of the relative yield per recruit isopleth diagram with indication of a new target area for fisheries operating within the context of EBFM. We present a new expression of the relative biomass per recruit isopleth diagram, which supports our analysis. We conclude that size matters for precautionary and ecosystem-based fisheries management and present a list of additional advantages associated with fishing at L_opt.  相似文献   

Assessing the long-term genetic impact of historical stocking events on contemporary populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar     

A. K. FINNEGAN  & J. R. STEVENS 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2008,15(4):315-326

Abstract  Supplementation of wild fish with non-native or domesticated fish is common practice. However, these stocked and native fish differ both ecologically and genetically and, in the wild, they interact in a multitude of ways, often with negative repercussions for the native population. This study assessed the long-term genetic impact of historical stocking activities on a contemporary population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. During the 1960s salmon from hatcheries in Scotland and Iceland were transplanted to the River Dart, England. Microsatellite loci were used to assess the current level of population admixture between samples taken from the source location of the stocked fish during the 1960s and contemporary Dart populations. After allowances were made for natural genetic relationships between donor and recipient populations, the long-term impact of the historical stocking events on a catchment scale appears minimal. However, one tributary consistently reflected closer genetic relationships with the donor populations, indicating a possible long-term impact on a localised scale.  相似文献   

我国海洋捕捞能力管理模式研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高文梅  LIANG Zhenlin 《渔业经济研究》2008,(2):28-31

粮农组织渔业委员会通过了一个关于渔业捕捞能力管理的国际行动计划,该计划要求所有成员国截止2005年都达到效率、公平和透明的捕捞能力管理。以捕捞能力管理的理论观点为基础,文章调查了我国政府管理海洋渔业捕捞能力的主要实践措施,对主要实践措施进行了分类,并分析和评估其绩效。  相似文献   

论WTO框架下我国渔业补贴问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

乔俊果 《河北渔业》2008,(7):4-6

WTO框架下的渔业补贴谈判正在进行中。渔业补贴规则的任何变动,都势必对我国渔业国际竞争力产生冲击。本文介绍各种渔业补贴的界定。分析了当前我国渔业补贴的特征,在此基础上提出相应的渔业补贴政策调整方向。  相似文献   

中国渔业资源衰退问题的多因性与组合解   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐质斌  李相林 《渔业现代化》2008,35(3)

针对20世纪90年代出现的生物学和经济学意义上的双重捕捞过度,运用故障树分析法分析可知,渔业资源衰退问题的形成具有多因性。因此,单一和孤立的既有防范措施,只能是"症状解"而非"根本解"。在兼顾全面性和重点性的基础上给出了中国渔业资源衰退问题的组合解,以期寻求中国渔业经济可持续发展的可靠路径。  相似文献   

The Moray Firth Seal Management Plan: an adaptive framework for balancing the conservation of seals,salmon, fisheries and wildlife tourism in the UK     

James R.A. Butler  Stuart J. Middlemas  Simon A. McKelvey  Iain McMyn  Ben Leyshon  Ian Walker  Paul M. Thompson  Ian L. Boyd  Callan Duck  John D. Armstrong  Isla M. Graham  John M. Baxter 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(6):1025-1038

• 1. Within the Moray Firth, north‐east Scotland, there is a history of conflict between seals and salmon fisheries. Under the UK's Conservation of Seals Act 1970 (CoSA) seals are shot to protect fisheries. In 1999 six rivers in the Moray Firth were designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for Atlantic salmon under the EU Habitats Directive, and in 2000 an SAC for harbour seals was designated in the Dornoch Firth.
• 2. In the 1990s salmon stocks declined. Fisheries managers believed the decline was partly caused by seal predation and consequently increased shooting effort. In years 1993–2003 Moray Firth harbour seal numbers declined possibly due to shooting, posing a potential threat to the status of the Dornoch Firth SAC. Meanwhile wildlife tourism based on marine mammals has increased. The declines in salmon and harbour seals, and the implementation of the Habitats Directive forced a watershed in the approach of statutory authorities to managing seals, salmon and tourism.
• 3. In years 2002–2005 local District Salmon Fishery Boards, the Scottish Executive, Scottish Natural Heritage and stakeholders negotiated a pilot Moray Firth Seal Management Plan to restore the favourable conservation status of seal and salmon SACs, and to reduce shooting of harbour seals and seal predation on salmon.
• 4. Key facets of the plan are the management of the Moray Firth region under a CoSA Conservation Order; application of the Potential Biological Removal concept to identify a limit of seals to be killed; management areas where removal of seals is targeted to protect salmon, while avoiding seal pupping and tourism sites; a training and reporting system for marksmen; a research programme, and a framework allowing an annual review of the plan.
• 5. The plan was introduced in April 2005. A maximum limit of 60 harbour and 70 grey seals was set. Forty‐six harbour and 33 grey seals were killed in 2005 while in 2006 these figures were 16 and 42 respectively. Although the numbers killed were below the maximum limits in both years the returns raised questions about the plan's ability to manage seal shooting at netting stations. The plan provides a useful adaptive co‐management framework for balancing seal and salmon conservation with the protection of fisheries and/or fish farms and tourism for application in the UK and internationally.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia,Canada     

Natalie Ban  Jackie Alder 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(1):55-85

• 1. The intensity of marine activities in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of British Columbia, Canada, was quantified.
• 2. Humans use the ocean for a multitude of purposes, many of which have a direct impact on marine life and habitat. Yet such uses are seldom assessed in an integrated fashion.
• 3. Using a GIS approach, spatial information for 39 marine activities was mapped, including commercial and recreational fishing areas, transportation and infrastructure uses, and terrestrial activities along the coast of British Columbia.
• 4. A relative scale was used to rank both the impact of marine activities and the extent of stressors beyond the location of occurrence. Limited information on the latter led to the application of three ranges of buffer distances to the data (0–1 km, 0–5 km, and 0–25 km).
• 5. The most conservative estimate (?1 km buffers) indicates at least 83% of the continental shelf and slope of British Columbia is currently being used by humans. The largest buffer assumption shows 98% of the continental shelf and slope being affected by stressors from anthropogenic activities.
• 6. This analysis provides a baseline for assessing future changes in the state of British Columbia's marine environment, and could assist in identifying areas of conservation potential.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献