巴西蕉诱导的香蕉枯萎病菌1号和4号小种致病相关基因表达分析     

肖义炜  李春强  李文彬  孙建波  曾会才  彭明 《热带作物学报》2015,36(11):1971-1977

目前对于香蕉枯萎病菌的致病分子机制尚不十分清楚。为了阐明枯萎病菌的致病分子机制,从香蕉枯萎病菌1号(Foc1)和4号小种(Foc4)的比较蛋白质组学分析发现的表达量差异较大的蛋白中,选取了9个致病相关蛋白或潜在的致病基因,利用荧光定量PCR方法进行基因表达谱分析。结果显示：与对照相比,巴西蕉处理的Foc4中,上调表达的基因有：酰胺转移酶基因（amidotransferase）、线粒体过氧化物还原酶基因（mitochondrial peroxiredoxin）、几丁质酶基因（chitinnase 1）、羧肽酶基因（carboxypeptidase cpds）,差异表达不明显的有腺苷激酶基因（adenosine kinase）、NADP-依赖型甘油脱氢酶基因（NADP-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase）、磷酸甘油酸激酶基因（phosphoglycerate kinase）、谷胱甘肽还原酶基因（glutathione reductase）、酰胺酶基因（amidase family protein）。Foc1中,与对照相比,上调表达的基因有：腺苷激酶基因、NADP-依赖型甘油脱氢酶基因,下调表达的基因有：酰胺转移酶基因、羧肽酶基因。综合分析显示,酰胺转移酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶、羧肽酶基因可能在Foc4的致病作用中起作用。  相似文献   

松毛虫属一新种(鳞翅目:枯叶蛾科)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐振国  金涛  刘小利  史先鹏 《西北农业学报》1998,7(1):1-3

记述采自青海的一松毛虫新种－－玉树松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓ ｌｉｕｉ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｊｉｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,文中附有特征图。  相似文献   

香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种遗传转化体系的建立     

林妃  曾涛  曾会才 《热带作物学报》2010,31(10):1790-1796

利用农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的转化方法,建立香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种(Fusariumoxysporum f.sp cubense race 1)遗传转化体系,并对影响转化效率的因子进行优化,明确了高效转化的条件为:农杆菌OD600为0.15,AS诱导浓度为150μmol/L,诱导时间为7 h,Focr1-N2孢子浓度为1×106个/mL,潮霉素B筛选的浓度为150μg/mL,诱导培养基pH值为5.5,共培养温度为25℃,共培养时间为48 h为最佳条件。构建了包含1 200个突变体的突变体库,并对1 200个突变体进行了致病性测定,初步筛选出致病性丧失突变体20个,致病性显著减弱突变体18个,致病性严重增强突变体53个。  相似文献   

大枫子与马钱上的叶斑类真菌病害     

林石明  戚佩坤 《热带作物学报》1992,13(2):97-102

报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。  相似文献   

离体叶段喷雾法建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的敏感基线及其监测技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕秋艳  马志强  韩秀英  张小风  王文桥 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(9):1287-1291

为建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮抗药性的离体叶段喷雾法监测标准,采用该方法测定了2013年采自河南、河北省部分麦区的101个小麦白粉病菌野生菌株对三唑酮的敏感性。结果表明,小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮敏感性的EC50范围为0.239 8~7.558 5μg·mL-1,平均为3.561 2±1.881 3μg·mL-1;其敏感性均呈连续单峰曲线分布,可作为喷雾防治时小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮杀菌剂的敏感性基线。  相似文献   

Perkinsus sp. infestation in carpet-shell clams, Ruditapes decussatus (L), along the Portuguese coast. Results from a 2-year survey     

Ricardo B. Leite  Ricardo Afonso  M. Leonor Cancela   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,240(1-4):39-53

This study characterises Perkinsus atlanticus disease prevalence and intensity within the economically important beds of the clam Ruditapes decussatus along the Iberian Atlantic coast. Samples were collected from five different sites along the Portuguese coast (Ria Formosa, Ria do Alvor, V.N. Milfontes, Aveiro, Lagoa de Obidos) and in Galicia (Ria de Arosa) between winter 2000/2001 and 2002/2003. The infection level was evaluated by the Ray Fluid Thioglycollate medium (RFTM) method using the body burden assay. In addition, the measure of the condition index (CI) (percentage between the edible part and the total weight of the clams) was conducted to investigate a possible correlation between this parameter and the intensity of the infection. However, no clear relationship between infection intensity and condition index (CI) could be determined although a significant decline in CI was found for heavily infected clams. Results of a 2-year survey demonstrate the presence of Perkinsus sp. in all sampling sites albeit with different intensities. Sites where human interference was minimal showed the lowest levels of infection. There were no significant differences in Perkinsus sp. infection intensity between samples collected in winter and summer, in contrast with several studies describing higher intensities at the end of the summer. Nevertheless, major differences were observed from year to year and site to site, indicating that factors other than those responsible for seasonal climatic variations might affect the prevalence and the intensity of Perkinsus sp. infection.  相似文献   

横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴东浩 《水生态学杂志》2012,33(4):54-57

分析了2010-2011年不同季节横山水库浮游植物群落结构的变化特征.结果表明,4个季节共采集到90种(属)浮游植物,蓝藻和硅藻在横山水库浮游植物季节性演替中的作用非常重要.在太湖流域首次发现拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.),夏季在水库成为优势种并引起水华,密度达到1.01×108个/L.富营养化日趋严重的横山水库为拟柱胞藻水华奠定了基础.作为生态入侵种,拟柱胞藻可以产生毒素,危害生态系统和人体健康.应加强监测和流域综合管理,防止拟柱胞藻水华扩散到流域内其它大型水库.  相似文献   

Microbial remediation of a pentachloronitrobenzene-contaminated soil under Panax notoginseng: A field experiment     

Ning ZHANG  Dong GUO  Ye ZHU  Xiaomi WANG  Lingjia ZHU  Fang LIU  Ying TENG  Peter CHRISTIE  Zhengao LI  Yongming LUO 《土壤圈》2020,30(4):563-569

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings. Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues. A short-term field experiment (1 year) was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate, Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85, in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown. The following three treatments were used:i) control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85, ii) soil with 0.15 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (A), and iii) soil with 0.30 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (B). The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography. Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry. In addition, cultivable bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions, and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG. After 1 year of in-situ remediation, the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3% and 74.2% in treatments A and B, respectively, when compared with the uninoculated control. The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate, the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A, but increased in treatment B. No significant changes in plant biomass, diversity of the soil microbial community, or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups (P<0.05). The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P. notoginseng.  相似文献   

铅锌尾矿中砷代谢功能基因的多样性     

LI Xiaofang  Philip L. BOND  Longbin HUANG 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):630-637

Microbial activities impact arsenic (As) transformation in mine tailings substantially,yet little is understood on the functional diversity of As metabolism genes.This study explored this issue using a metagenomic approach coupled by a local BLASTN procedure established in our recent studies.An assembled metagenome,recovered from hypersaline and sulfidic mine tailings,was screened for As metabolism genes aioA,arrA,arsC and arsM.This was done using a local BLASTN procedure against databases of the As metabolism genes built in this study.Putative As metabolism genes detected in the assembled metagenome included 11 arsM,20 arsC and 1 arrA full-length sequences.Together with the rRNA-based phylogenetic profiling results,a picture depicting microbial As cycling in the tailings to the genus level was obtained.It was found that most of the dominant genera in the tailings potentially harboured the genes for As reduction and/or methylation.In particular,a typical pyrite-eater present in the tailings,Thioalkalivibrio sp.,was found to harbour not only arsC and arsM,but also arrA.These results highlight the unexpected diversity of As metabolism genes in the tailings,especially considering the extremely low species diversity therein.The microbial As cycling picture established here has potential use for guiding the purposeful manipulation of As biogeochemistry in the tailings.  相似文献   

普施特降解菌Bacillus sp.zx2和zx7生长及降解特性     

王磊  李淑芹  郑玉莲  许景钢 《农业环境保护》2012,(2):351-356

芽孢杆菌zx2和zx7是普施特高效降解菌,研究其生长和降解特性旨在为普施特污染土壤的生物修复提供科学依据。采用瓶培养法,对芽孢杆菌zx2和zx7的生长特性及单菌和复合菌对普施特的降解特性进行了研究。结果表明,zx2和zx7均可在普施特初始浓度≤200mg·L-1的无机盐培养液中生长良好,zx2在温度25～35℃和pH4.0～7.0时生长良好,而zx7适宜在温度30～35℃和pH5.0～8.0时生长,可见在适应性上二者互补。在最佳条件（温度32℃、pH6.0和普施特初始浓度为200mg·L-1）下,zx2和zx7在无机盐培养液中对普施特降解动态均符合阻滞动力学,半衰期分别为3.8d和2.8d,培养6d时普施特降解率分别为85.81%和90.27%。在培养过程中,zx2的pH是降低的,而zx7的pH基本不变,可初步表明二者降解机理不同;zx2和zx7复合菌（1∶1）对普施特降解率比单菌低,为82.70%,这可能是因为zx2或zx7降解普施特的过程中利用了对方产生的降解产物。  相似文献