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Effect of prey type and size on the growth,survival and pigmentation of cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural zooplankton versus rotifers and the effect of prey size on the growth and survival of cod larvae. At 20 days post hatch (DPH) myotome height, standard length and dry mass were significantly higher in larvae fed zooplankton compared to those fed rotifers. The dry mass at age 25 DPH was 135 μg (±45), 331 μg (±114), 391 μg (±121) for larvae fed rotifers, small size and large size plankton, respectively. At 25 days post hatch, the survival rates were 41.8% (±10.5), 90.7% (±2.3) and 91.4% (±1.7) for larvae reared on rotifers, small size and large size plankton, respectively. The limited growth and survival of cod larvae reared on rotifers were not mainly caused by the small size of rotifers. Large differences in skin coloration between larvae in the rotifer group and the two zooplankton groups were observed, probably caused by the large difference in astaxanthin levels in rotifers and natural zooplankton. We suggest that the nutritional composition of rotifers is a limiting factor for cod larvae growth and survival. 相似文献
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应用生态学毒理学方法,研究了环境雌激素辛基酚(OP)对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性效应。包括24h急性毒性、慢性浓度(0.01~0.16mg/L)对轮虫发育阶段、2d的种群增长率r及7d休眠卵产量影响。结果显示:OP对轮虫24h的急性毒性LC50为0.91mg/L;OP浓度0.08、0.16mg/L显著降低轮虫的生殖前期、生殖期和寿命历时,0.04mg/L以上降低轮虫的生殖量;OP浓度0.08、0.16mg/L显著降低轮虫2d的r,0.01mg/L及以上浓度显著降低轮虫7d的休眠卵产量。以上研究表明:OP对轮虫的生殖具有干扰作用,其中轮虫7d休眠卵产量为监控水体OP污染最敏感的指标。 相似文献
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选用根据SOX基因蛋白序列设计的1对兼并引物,采用PCR技术扩增萼花壁尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)非混交雌体基因组DNA。结果显示:实验得到1个约220 bp的片段。经过克隆和测序分析,共获得2个有差异的DNA片段,其中一个DNA片段证明为萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2蛋白编码序列,与人和秀丽隐杆线虫(Cae-norhabditis elegans)DNA序列碱基组成相似性分别为68.98%和75.93%,其编码的氨基酸序列与人、秀丽隐杆线虫SOX2蛋白相似性分别为为84.72%和81.94%。另一个DNA片段长209 bp,用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中搜索,没有找到相似性序列,用该序列推导氨基酸序列,发现两个终止密码子,推测该片段是受到自然选择作用失去功能的SOX基因。同时对多个物种的SOX2基因保守序列进行比对,发现萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2基因是一种古老的基因形式,具有高度的保守性。 相似文献
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Colonization of the gut in first feeding turbot by bacterial strains added to the water or bioencapsulated in rotifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Pavlos Makridis Anders Jon Fjellheim Jorunn Skjermo Olav Vadstein 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(5):367-380
Two bacterial strains, 4:44 and PB52, isolated from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) were used during a first feedingexperiment with turbot larvae. Bacteria were either added directly tothe water on the day of hatching of the larvae (day 0), orbioencapsulated in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) distributedon day 2 after hatching. The two bacterial strains were found to bepresent in the water of the rearing tanks throughout the experiment. Theaddition of bacteria influenced the species-composition of themicroflora associated with intensively produced rotifers added to thetanks, and resulted in colonization of the gut of the larvae by theadded bacterial strains. The strain 4:44 showed a peak on day 9 afterhatching, and reached a mean(sem) of 2.5(1.4) × 104bacteria per larva, when added in a mixture with PB52, and 0.4(0.1)× 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone. The strainPB52, on day 12 after hatching, reached 5.2(1.5) × 104bacteria per larva when added in a mixture with strain 4:44, and12.5(0.7) × 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone.The added bacteria colonized the gut turbot larvae, whereas thebacterial land, the survival and growth of the larvae were in most casesnot influenced in a negative way by the addition of bacteria. 相似文献
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Naz M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(4):391-404
The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia, enriched and stored at 4°C temperature, were determined. The total starvation period was 16 h and samples were taken at
the end of the 8th and 16th hours. In present study, the rotifer and nauplii catabolized a large proportion of the protein
during the enrichment period. Lipid contents of both live preys increased during the enrichment period and decreased in nauplii
and metanauplii throughout the starvation period but lipid content of the rotifer remained relatively constant during the
starvation period. The changes observed in the amino acid compositions of Artemia and the rotifer were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The conspicuous decline the essential amino acid (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) content of the rotifer
was observed during the enrichment period. However, the essential amino acid (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) contents
of Artemia nauplii increased during the enrichment period. The unenriched and enriched rotifers contained more monounsaturated fatty
acid (MUFAs) than polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). However, Artemia contained more PUFAs than MUFAs and SFA during the experimental period. A sharp increase in the amounts of docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) during the enrichment of the rotifer and Artemia nauplii was observed. However, the amount of DHA throughout the starvation period decreased in Artemia metanauplii but not in Artemia nauplii. Significant differences in tryptic, leucine aminopeptidase N (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activities
of Artemia and rotifer were observed during the enrichment and starvation period (P < 0.05). The digestive enzymes derived from live food to fish larvae provided the highest contribution at the end of the
enrichment period. In conclusion, the results of the study provide important contributions to determine the most suitable
live food offering time for marine fish larvae. Rotifer should be offered to fish larvae at the end of the enrichment period,
Artemia nauplii just after hatching and before being stored at 4°C, and Artemia metanauplii at the end of the enrichment and throughout the starvation period. 相似文献
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在人工海水条件下，利用面包酵母培养褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在充气、以面包酵母为饵料、盐度为20的条件下,进行人工海水培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的实验。结果表明,不同人工海水中,用速溶海水晶配制成的海水和自然海水稀释的海水培养褶皱臂轮虫的效果明显地优于粗盐配制的;用速溶海水晶配制成的海水培养褶皱臂尾轮虫时,最大密度能达1710个／ml。不同营养强化剂中,绿色巴夫藻、扁藻以及胶囊肝油 蛋黄的效果较好。添加剂4ppm氯霉素时,培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的效果较好。 相似文献
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以褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis)为实验动物并设计不同脂肪源饵料，分别为：面包酵母Saccharomyces cerevisice（对照组），微绿球藻Nannochlorpisis oculata(A)，5%大豆磷脂 5%鱼油 90%面包酵母（C）。结果表明：（1）接受不同脂肪源的轮虫的脂肪酸组成显著不同，尤其是高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA，20C）含量存在显著差异，说明饵料中HUFA含量对轮虫体内相应脂肪酸的含量有显著影响。投喂饵料C使轮虫的脂类HUFA水平得到了强化，提高了轮虫的营养价值。（2）轮虫脂类的HUFA水平不仅由饵料中脂类的相应脂肪酸组成决定，而且轮虫脂类HUFA的提高和强化效果与饵料中HUFA的化学形态密切相关。甘油三酯型饵料HUFA的强化轮虫效果高于磷脂型的HUFA。（3）将富含HUFA的鱼油直接添加在干性饵料如面包酵母中，而不是通过对鲁油乳化后直接强化轮虫，同样能取得良好的强化效果，且操作简便、不易污染水质，适用于轮虫的规模生产。 相似文献
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Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to enhance the reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Muller in stressful culture conditions. During the enrichment of rotifers for feeding to marine fish larvae, they are usually stressed as a result of exposure to different marine oils and high population densities. This typically results in decreased rotifer survival, reproduction and swimming activity. In the present study, we used GABA to increase rotifer reproduction and the swimming activity of rotifers in enrichment cultures. GABA treatment 24 h before high density enrichment enhanced reproduction during enrichment culture, but not when carried out simultaneously with enrichment. Swimming activity was not significantly affected by GABA treatment 24 h before or simultaneously with nutrient enrichment. 相似文献