Comparative functional responses of native and high‐impacting invasive fishes: impact predictions for native prey populations          下载免费PDF全文

Zhiqiang Guo  Danny Sheath  Fatima Amat Trigo  J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):533-540

Comparative functional responses (FRs) can predict impacts of invasive species, including piscivorous fishes, via quantifying their depletion of native food resources as a function of prey density. The utility of FRs for predicting impacts on prey populations by invasive fishes of different trophic guilds was tested here by comparing the FRs of the invaders Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, with three native, trophically analogous fishes, Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus and Tinca tinca. Chironomid larvae and Gammarus pulex were used as prey items. Predictions, developed from studies on the foraging of C. carpio and C. auratus in the literature, were that the invaders would have significantly higher consumption rates for chironomids than the native fishes, but not for G. pulex. Mean consumption rates for chironomids were significantly lower for both invaders than B. barbus and S. cephalus, but were similar to T. tinca. Barbus barbus had a significantly lower consumption rate of G. pulex than both invaders, but there were no significant differences between S. cephalus, T. tinca and the invaders. All FRs were type II, with FR curves for the invaders preying upon chironomids never being significantly higher than the native fishes, contrary to predictions. For G. pulex, some significant differences were apparent between the invaders and native fishes, but again were contrary to predictions. These results indicated that when predation impacts of invasive fishes could also be a function of their population density and body sizes, these parameters should be incorporated into FR models to improve impact predictions.  相似文献   

Replacement of Fishmeal by a Mixture of Soybean Meal and Chlorella Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus          下载免费PDF全文

Xi Shi  Zhi Luo  Guang‐Hui Chen  Feng Chen  Li‐Han Zhang  Xiao‐Ming Zhu  Xu Liu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(5):770-781

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of soybean meal and Chlorella meal (SCM) as a dietary fishmeal (FM) substitute on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities, and histology of juvenile crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 0 (SCM0), 25 (SCM25), 50 (SCM50), 75 (SCM75), and 100% (SCM100) of protein from FM with SCM, respectively. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile crucian carp for 6 wk. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and intestinal digestive enzymatic activities (amylase, trypsin, and lipase) tended to decline with increasing FM replacement levels (P > 0.05). Dietary SCM substitution significantly influenced dry matter content in muscle, and crude protein and lipid contents in liver (P < 0.05). ADCs for dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and most amino acids showed no significant differences between the control and SCM25 group, but tended to decline with replacement levels over 25%. Higher SCM substitution (50–100%) caused karyopyknosis and necrosis in liver, but intestinal histology did not show noticeable pathological changes. The present study indicated that FM could be replaced by 25% of SCM, without significant adverse growth performance, feed utilization, and histology of crucian carp.  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的吸鱼泵对鱼类损伤评价方法     

单建军  管崇武  宋红桥  刘世晶  洪扬  庄保陆 《中国农学通报》2021,37(29):140-145

采用主成分分析法建立吸鱼泵的损伤综合评价方法,为吸鱼泵的研究与改进提供装备技术参数。使用真空吸鱼泵对鲫鱼进行吸捕试验,获取鱼体损伤数据。通过测定体表损伤面积比率、24 h存活率、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力、肌酐(Cr)含量等多个关键指标值,采用主成分分析法进行相关性分析,建立损伤综合评价模型。结果显示：采用主成分分析法提取出3个主成分的累积贡献率达到78.232%,可反映出鱼体损伤的大部分情况;损伤评价综合评价模型：F=0.285X₁+0.111X₂+0.316X₃+0.366X₄-0.118X₅+0.234X₆,真空吸鱼泵对鱼的体表和内脏无显著损伤情况,综合得分-0.102,与对照组接近,表明真空吸鱼泵对鱼的损伤影响很小。研究表明,SOD活力、白细胞数和体表损伤面积比率是对损伤评价影响较大的数据指标,采用主成分分析法建立的综合损伤评价模型可以作为评价鱼损伤情况的一种可行方法,为吸鱼泵的改进研究提供了有力参考。  相似文献   

怀山药皮对淇河鲫血清生化、免疫指标及组织结构的影响     

胡文攀  吴胜奎  李衡  曹慧  孟晓林  聂国兴 《淡水渔业》2020,(3):79-86

为探究怀山药皮(Chinese yam peel,YP)对淇河鲫免疫的影响,选取平均体重为(106.76±3.74)g的淇河鲫240尾,随机分为对照组(NC)、0.5%怀山药皮添加组(LYP)、1%怀山药皮添加组(MYP)、2%怀山药皮添加组(HYP)4组,养殖8周,检测实验鱼生长指标、血清生化指标及免疫相关基因的表达情况。结果显示:添加怀山药皮对淇河鲫生长指标没有显著性影响;血液生化指标中谷草转氨酶活性在MYP组显著性降低,碱性磷酸酶的活性显著升高;与NC组相比,怀山药皮添加组肝脏细胞膜与核膜完整性增强,胞质破碎,核溶解、偏移现象减轻;与NC组相比,添加怀山药皮上调了抑炎因子(IL-10)、紧密连接蛋白基因(Claudin-1)、抗氧化基因(CAT和GST)和TLR通路基因(TLR4)mRNA表达量。以上结果表明,饲料中添加怀山药皮,能在一定程度上增强鱼体免疫力。  相似文献   

不同营养添加剂对热应激异育银鲫血液生化指标的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

桂丹  刘文斌 《动物营养学报》2008,20(2):228-233

为探讨VC、VE和小肽对鱼类抗热应激能力的影响及营养调控作用。本研究选择体重(100±3)g的异育银鲫150尾,随机分成5组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组。Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加VC制剂100mg/kg、VE制剂100mg/kg、VC制剂100mg/kg VE制剂100mg/kg和1%小肽(替代基础日粮中等量鱼粉)的日粮。常温(25℃)下饲养42d后,将鱼在31℃水中应激24h,随机抽取应激前后3尾鱼血样,测定应激前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙酰胆碱脂酶(TchE)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性。结果表明:在常温养殖条件下,VE组血清TchE活性显著降低(P<0.05),GOT活性显著升高(P<0.05),其他各组鱼血清3种酶活性与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);热应激后,与常温状态相比,添加VC、VE使得SOD活性降低,GOT、TchE活性升高;VC与VE协同作用引起TchE、GOT活性显著上升(P<0.05),SOD活性没有变化;添加小肽能使TchE活性显著升高(P<0.05),SOD、GOT活性不变。与高温对照组相比,VC与VE协同作用组显著提高了SOD、TchE活性(P<0.05);添加小肽可提高SOD活性,降低TchE和GOT活性。由此表明,通过在日粮中补充抗热应激营养添加剂,有助于增强鱼类机体的抗热应激能力;添加小肽以及VC与VE协同作用对缓解异育银鲫热应激损伤具有良好的调控作用。  相似文献   

彭泽鲫的受精细胞学   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

赵振山  高贵琴 《上海水产大学学报》1999,8(1):25-30

对彭泽鲫与兴国红鲤受精细胞学所作研究表明,彭泽鲫属雌核发育种群。异源精子能正常进入彭泽鲫儿子内,瑷 精卵中异源精子呈凝缩状态,不形成雄性原核,没有看到两性原核融合。在刚产出的成熟卵子中没有看到极体,受精后１２ｍｉｎ见到唯一的一个极体排出,雌性原核自行发育。  相似文献   

我国六个地区银鲫种群线粒体DNA多态性的研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

姚纪花 《水产学报》1998,22(4):289-295

本文用一对引物对我国６个地区银鲫进行ｍｔＤＮＡ－ＮＤ５／６片段的ＰＣＲ扩增,扩增产物用６种限制性内切酶进行限制生片段长度多态性分析。共获得１１种图谱和７种限制性类型。根据各群体间的遗传距离构建了ＵＰＧ聚类关系图。结果表明,６个银鲫种群中,云南群体与贵州群体的关系以及黑龙江与安徽群体之间的关系最近,它们分别归为一个群体;河南群体相对独立,它与黑龙江和安徽群体的遗传关系较近,江西群体与各群体间的亲缘关  相似文献   

池塘主养彭泽鲫鱼种高产试验报告     

张新民  陈德福等 《齐鲁渔业》2001,18(2):29-31

池塘面积1067m^3，主养彭泽鲫鱼种，搭配团头鲂及鲢鳙鱼种，经156天饲养，共产鱼1029．6kg，折合667m^2产鱼643．5kg。其中每667m^2产彭泽鲫鱼种367．8kg,平均规格70g。每667m^2利润3498元。投入产出比为1：1．67。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance,body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp,Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂     

C. CAI  E. LI  Y. YE  A. KROGDAHL  G. JIANG  Y. WANG  L. CHEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(4):353-360

A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg^?1 (control), 200 g kg^?1, 400 g kg^?1, and 560 g kg^?1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg^?1, 428 mg kg^?1, and 642 mg kg^?1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg^?1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg^?1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg^?1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg^?1 CSM in crucian carp feed.  相似文献   

jnk3基因在金鱼和斑马鱼不同发育时期胚胎与成体不同组织中的分化表达     

陈丽莉  邹立军  熊振  刘姣  廖高鹏  刘文彬  刘少军  肖亚梅  李万程 《水产学报》2011,35(2):161-169

JNKs是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)家族重要成员,参与应激反应和动物体轴的构建。为了进一步了解JNK家族在动物发育中的功能,首次分离和克隆了金鱼jnk3基因,研究了jnk3在金鱼和斑马鱼组织特异性和胚胎发育特异性表达状况。金鱼jnk3基因cDNA总长1 794 bp,其中阅读框1 293 bp,编码430个氨基酸。对jnk3基因序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果显示,jnk3基因在脊椎动物较为保守,金鱼jnk3基因核苷酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为94.1%和80.7%,金鱼jnk3基因氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为99.7%和93.4%。jnk3基因在鱼类成体中的表达存在着显著的组织差异,在金鱼和斑马鱼脑和精巢组织的表达具专一性,此外在斑马鱼心脏中也检测到jnk3的表达。RT-PCR检测结果显示,在鱼类胚胎发育中,神经胚期开始检测到jnk3基因mRNA表达,从神经胚到心跳期胚胎,jnk3基因表达水平逐渐增高,此后直至出膜一直保持较高的表达水平。研究表明,jnk3基因可能在鱼类后期的胚胎发育和成体脑、精巢与心脏发育中具有重要作用。  相似文献