菜籽粕替代豆粕对异育银鲫非特异性免疫机能的影响     

赵飞  吴志新  陈孝煊  姜兰 《华中农业大学学报》2012,31(2):237-242

试验鱼按投喂饲料的不同分为5组,其中对照组(RM0)以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,试验组分别以双低菜籽粕(DLRM)和普通菜籽粕(CRM)等氮替代对照组中50%(DLRM50,CRM50)和100%(DLRM100,CRM100)的豆粕蛋白。分别在投喂菜籽粕后的当天与第14、28、42、56天取样,测定异育银鲫血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、血清补体(C3、C4)含量等免疫指标的变化。结果表明:在投喂菜籽粕后28d内,各项免疫指标变化不明显(P>0.05);在第42天,DLRM100组、CRM100组的血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的PP、PI,CRM100组的血清溶菌酶活性,DLRM100组的C4含量,CRM100组的C3、C4含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在第56天,DLRM100、CRM100组的各项免疫指标都显著低于对照组;在整个试验过程中,DLRM50、CRM50组的各项免疫指标和对照组都没有显著的差别。  相似文献   

罗格列酮对异育银鲫血清生化指标和糖代谢的影响     

杨玲  侯永清  丁斌鹰 《中国饲料》2012,(4):37-39,43

研究罗格列酮对异育银鲫血清生化指标和糖代谢指标的影响。选取480尾初始体重(5.30±0.38)g的异育银鲫,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组在基础日粮基础上分别添加10、15 mg/kg和20 mg/kg罗格列酮,试验期为30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清中的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组血清中的总蛋白(TP)含量均显著增加(P<0.05),血糖浓度和胰岛素水平显著降低(P<0.05),肌糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05)。结果说明,日粮中添加10、15 mg/kg和2 0 mg/kg的罗格列酮均能够显著降低血糖的浓度,添加水平为10 mg/kg对异育银鲫肝胰脏无损伤。  相似文献   

金鱼类胡萝卜素提取工艺对提取效果的差异性     

毕东旭  徐成龙  张饮江 《上海海洋大学学报》2019,28(4):559-565

以红草金鱼(red Carassius auratus)为研究对象,探究不同提取工艺对其体内类胡萝卜素提取效果的差异性。研究分别通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定不同影响因素的最佳提取条件,结果表明提取样品为红草金鱼干样、提取料液比为1∶15、提取时间为90 min、提取次数为2次、V(乙醇)∶V(丙酮)=1∶2、提取温度为80℃,类胡萝卜素提取含量质量分数最高可达140.58 mg/kg。筛选最优提取工艺,为今后提取与测定金鱼体内类胡萝卜素含量及其各组分色素的研究提供重要的科学依据。  相似文献   

羽毛粉部分替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长及抗氧化能力的影响     

陈秀梅  陶青燕  彭思博 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,47(9):1-7

【目的】探讨羽毛粉部分替代鱼粉外加角蛋白酶DP100(DP100)对异育银鲫生长及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】配制7组饲料,Ⅰ组(对照组)以鱼粉为蛋白源(蛋白水平为317.9 g/kg),Ⅱ～Ⅶ组以羽毛粉蛋白替代10%的鱼粉蛋白,Ⅲ～Ⅶ组添加Ⅰ组相对短缺的4种必需氨基酸并分别添加0,100,200,300和400 mg/kg的DP100。用7组饲料分别饲喂异育银鲫83 d,试验结束后根据异育银鲫初始体质量、终末体质量(FBW)以及摄食量计算体质量增加率(BWG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FER)、蛋白质效率(PER),并解剖取肝胰脏和肠道,测定其消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶)活力及抗氧化指标(超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量)。【结果】Ⅱ和Ⅲ组异育银鲫FBW、BWG、SGR、FER、PER及肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在添加DP100的各组中,Ⅳ组肠道SOD活力和肝胰脏CAT活力均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异,MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),其余指标均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),除Ⅶ组肠道蛋白酶活力显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)外,Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组各项指标均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异。【结论】羽毛粉替代10%鱼粉外加200～400 mg/kg DP100对异育银鲫生长性能、饲料利用和机体抗氧化能力无不良影响。  相似文献   

茶多酚对壬基酚所致白鲫鱼胚胎发育毒性的改善作用     

陈建华  谢艳颖 《广东农业科学》2019,46(9):325-141

【目的】壬基酚（nonylphed,NP）为环境雌激素污染物,研究 NP 对白鲫鱼胚胎发育的毒性影响, 同时探讨茶多酚对 NP 所致白鲫鱼胚胎发育毒性的改善作用。【方法】利用不同浓度 NP 对白鲫鱼尾芽期胚胎进 行染毒,以清水为对照,观察胚胎发育情况,通过比较染毒处理胚胎孵化率及孵化仔鱼畸形率的变化情况来分 析 NP 对白鲫鱼胚胎发育的毒性影响,在 NP 基础液中加入不同浓度的茶多酚,以 NP 基础液为对照,通过比较 茶多酚组中胚胎孵化率及孵化仔鱼畸形率的变化情况来判断茶多酚的改善效果。【结果】与溶剂乙醇对照相比,中、 低浓度（0.04 ～ 0.40 mg/L）NP 能显著性降低白鲫鱼胚胎的孵化率,同时显著提高孵化仔鱼的畸形率,且畸形率 随着 NP 浓度的升高而升高;高浓度（4.00 mg/L）的 NP 对胚胎发育毒性极强,染毒 24 h 即可导致胚胎停育。在 NP 中加入 0.35 ～ 35.00 μg/L 茶多酚后,3.50 μg/L 茶多酚处理白鲫鱼的孵化率得到了显著提高,其余浓度处理 的孵化率与 NP 对照没有显著差异。0.35 ～ 35.00 μg/L 茶多酚均能显著性降低孵化仔鱼的畸形率。【结论】NP 对白鲫鱼胚胎具有一定的发育毒性,而添加适量的茶多酚能改善 NP 引发的白鲫鱼胚胎发育毒性。  相似文献   

洞庭青鲫的形态和肌肉质构特性     

刘科均  曾聪  谭俊杰  余建波  刘巧林  肖调义 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,45(6)

从北民湖采集300尾洞庭青鲫,对其进行形态学性状、生长和肉质特性分析。结果显示:各年龄组形态指标的变异系数间的差异无统计学意义,表明其性状稳定;通过Von Bertalanffy生长公式拟合得出洞庭青鲫的渐近体长和体质量分别为308.41 mm和1 075.00 g,生长系数和理论生长起点年龄分别为0.369 5和–2.407 0龄,体质量生长拐点为0.17龄;体长体质量关系表明,洞庭青鲫在1～2龄生长迅速,且各年龄段洞庭青鲫体型均呈现等比增长趋势;通过鳞片鉴定的该群体中2龄群体为优势群体,占比66.67%;该群体的雌雄性别组成为10∶1;洞庭青鲫肌肉硬度和弹性分别为(2 822.95±556.97) g和1.317±0.01。综上可知,洞庭青鲫是1种具有优良性状且在低龄阶段生长迅速的鲫群体。  相似文献   

Comparative functional responses of native and high‐impacting invasive fishes: impact predictions for native prey populations          下载免费PDF全文

Zhiqiang Guo  Danny Sheath  Fatima Amat Trigo  J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):533-540

Comparative functional responses (FRs) can predict impacts of invasive species, including piscivorous fishes, via quantifying their depletion of native food resources as a function of prey density. The utility of FRs for predicting impacts on prey populations by invasive fishes of different trophic guilds was tested here by comparing the FRs of the invaders Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, with three native, trophically analogous fishes, Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus and Tinca tinca. Chironomid larvae and Gammarus pulex were used as prey items. Predictions, developed from studies on the foraging of C. carpio and C. auratus in the literature, were that the invaders would have significantly higher consumption rates for chironomids than the native fishes, but not for G. pulex. Mean consumption rates for chironomids were significantly lower for both invaders than B. barbus and S. cephalus, but were similar to T. tinca. Barbus barbus had a significantly lower consumption rate of G. pulex than both invaders, but there were no significant differences between S. cephalus, T. tinca and the invaders. All FRs were type II, with FR curves for the invaders preying upon chironomids never being significantly higher than the native fishes, contrary to predictions. For G. pulex, some significant differences were apparent between the invaders and native fishes, but again were contrary to predictions. These results indicated that when predation impacts of invasive fishes could also be a function of their population density and body sizes, these parameters should be incorporated into FR models to improve impact predictions.  相似文献   

Replacement of Fishmeal by a Mixture of Soybean Meal and Chlorella Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus          下载免费PDF全文

Xi Shi  Zhi Luo  Guang‐Hui Chen  Feng Chen  Li‐Han Zhang  Xiao‐Ming Zhu  Xu Liu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(5):770-781

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of soybean meal and Chlorella meal (SCM) as a dietary fishmeal (FM) substitute on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities, and histology of juvenile crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 0 (SCM0), 25 (SCM25), 50 (SCM50), 75 (SCM75), and 100% (SCM100) of protein from FM with SCM, respectively. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile crucian carp for 6 wk. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and intestinal digestive enzymatic activities (amylase, trypsin, and lipase) tended to decline with increasing FM replacement levels (P > 0.05). Dietary SCM substitution significantly influenced dry matter content in muscle, and crude protein and lipid contents in liver (P < 0.05). ADCs for dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and most amino acids showed no significant differences between the control and SCM25 group, but tended to decline with replacement levels over 25%. Higher SCM substitution (50–100%) caused karyopyknosis and necrosis in liver, but intestinal histology did not show noticeable pathological changes. The present study indicated that FM could be replaced by 25% of SCM, without significant adverse growth performance, feed utilization, and histology of crucian carp.  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的吸鱼泵对鱼类损伤评价方法     

单建军  管崇武  宋红桥  刘世晶  洪扬  庄保陆 《中国农学通报》2021,37(29):140-145

采用主成分分析法建立吸鱼泵的损伤综合评价方法,为吸鱼泵的研究与改进提供装备技术参数。使用真空吸鱼泵对鲫鱼进行吸捕试验,获取鱼体损伤数据。通过测定体表损伤面积比率、24 h存活率、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力、肌酐(Cr)含量等多个关键指标值,采用主成分分析法进行相关性分析,建立损伤综合评价模型。结果显示：采用主成分分析法提取出3个主成分的累积贡献率达到78.232%,可反映出鱼体损伤的大部分情况;损伤评价综合评价模型：F=0.285X₁+0.111X₂+0.316X₃+0.366X₄-0.118X₅+0.234X₆,真空吸鱼泵对鱼的体表和内脏无显著损伤情况,综合得分-0.102,与对照组接近,表明真空吸鱼泵对鱼的损伤影响很小。研究表明,SOD活力、白细胞数和体表损伤面积比率是对损伤评价影响较大的数据指标,采用主成分分析法建立的综合损伤评价模型可以作为评价鱼损伤情况的一种可行方法,为吸鱼泵的改进研究提供了有力参考。  相似文献   

怀山药皮对淇河鲫血清生化、免疫指标及组织结构的影响     

胡文攀  吴胜奎  李衡  曹慧  孟晓林  聂国兴 《淡水渔业》2020,(3):79-86

为探究怀山药皮(Chinese yam peel,YP)对淇河鲫免疫的影响,选取平均体重为(106.76±3.74)g的淇河鲫240尾,随机分为对照组(NC)、0.5%怀山药皮添加组(LYP)、1%怀山药皮添加组(MYP)、2%怀山药皮添加组(HYP)4组,养殖8周,检测实验鱼生长指标、血清生化指标及免疫相关基因的表达情况。结果显示:添加怀山药皮对淇河鲫生长指标没有显著性影响;血液生化指标中谷草转氨酶活性在MYP组显著性降低,碱性磷酸酶的活性显著升高;与NC组相比,怀山药皮添加组肝脏细胞膜与核膜完整性增强,胞质破碎,核溶解、偏移现象减轻;与NC组相比,添加怀山药皮上调了抑炎因子(IL-10)、紧密连接蛋白基因(Claudin-1)、抗氧化基因(CAT和GST)和TLR通路基因(TLR4)mRNA表达量。以上结果表明,饲料中添加怀山药皮,能在一定程度上增强鱼体免疫力。  相似文献