Phenotypic trait of Crassostrea hongkongensis♀× C. angulata♂ hybrids in southern China          下载免费PDF全文

Yuehuan Zhang  Yang Zhang  Li Jun  Zhaoping Wang  Xiwu Yan  Ziniu Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3399-3409

The Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) are important aquaculture species in southern China. To understand the potential feasibility of hybridization between the two species, two‐by‐two factorial cross‐experiments were conducted in Shenzhen (Guangdong province). An asymmetry in fertilization was revealed: C. hongkongensis eggs could be fertilized by C. angulata sperm, but the reciprocal cross was not possible. The fertilization and hatching success in the C. hongkongensis females × C. angulata males (HA) cross was lower than the two intraspecific crosses. Moreover, hybrid larvae had a slower growth rate than those from parental progenies due to genome incompatibility. However, the size of the spat and adult growth were greater than those of the two parental progeny, with obvious heterosis during the grow‐out stage. The survival advantage of hybrids was examined at all times. The surprising finding was that all hybrids were completely fertile, meaning they could produce normal and functional gametes. Genetic analysis by molecular markers was applied to confirm that the HA spat were true hybrids. Our results revealed that the interspecific hybridization between C. hongkongensis and C. angulata is completely successful in one direction. Furthermore, hybrids are viable, fast growing and completely fertile, which provides a promising method for the genetic improvement of oysters as a new aquaculture stock in southern China.  相似文献   

长牡蛎二倍体和三倍体外套膜的差异          下载免费PDF全文

林琪  吴建绍  曾志南  陈朴贤  陈木 《上海海洋大学学报》2000,(2):116-118

本文从外观、组织切片、蛋白质和糖元含量等方面分析了长特蛎二倍体和三倍体外套膜的差异。与二倍体相比,三倍体外套膜厚、不透明、呈乳白色、结弱组织较厚,糖原含量高３．９倍。  相似文献   

Effects of storage temperature and duration on the setting and post-set spat survival of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino)     

M. N. Devakie  A. B. Ali 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2000,190(3-4):369-376

The effects of six storage temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and room temperature) and six storage durations (6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) on pre-settlement larvae of Crassostrea iredalei indicated that settlement rate deteriorated with time for all temperatures. The highest settlement rate (40.1%) was attained at a storage temperature of 20°C for 6 h. This was followed by 10°C and 15°C for 6 h, with mean percent sets of 35.4% and 33.5%, respectively. An above-average set of 29.5% was obtained for the control larvae (larvae directly from the rearing tanks) compared to larvae stored between 10°C and 20°C for 12 to 24 h (21.1–28.2%). Average sets obtained for storage between 10°C and 20°C was 16.6–19.7% for up to 48 h, and sets for room temperature (ca. 30°C) and 5°C for 12 h were 11.9% and 16.9%, respectively; whereas at 25°C the set rate was 10.7% for 6 h. Storage at all other levels of temperature and duration resulted in poor set rates of less than 8%. All successfully set larvae from this experiment were further kept in the hatchery for three weeks to observe their short-term post-settlement survival. Survival rates were closely related to the setting rates, whereby higher sets contributed to better survival rates. The highest survival rates, 61.3–84.8%, were recorded for larvae set at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C with a storage time of up to 48 h. These levels were comparable to the control (68.0%) and 5°C for up to 12 h (68.9%). Storage at 72 h resulted in total mortality at all temperatures, except for those stored at of 10°C (51.5% survival) and 20°C (14.7%).  相似文献   

山东沿海褶牡蛎与太平洋牡蛎等位基因酶的遗传变异   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25  

杨锐 《水产学报》2000,24(2):130-133

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了山东沿海莱州 (LZ)、俚岛 (LD)和青岛 (QD)三地褶牡蛎自然群体以及荣成的太平洋牡蛎 (TP)养殖群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。进行测试的 9种酶中共检测到 2 0个位点。LZ与QD群体的多态位点比例为 6 0 .0 % ,其余两群体均为 5 5 .0 %。LZ、LD、TP和QD各位点平均有效等位基因数分别为 1.42 2± 0 .16 5、1.2 38± 0 .0 85、1.2 0 7± 0 .0 86和 1.32 6± 0 .119。平均杂合度观察值分别为 0 .2 16± 0 .0 5 0、0 .16 5± 0 .0 36、0 .139± 0 .0 34和 0 .195± 0 .0 42。结果表明 ,LZ和QD群体的遗传变异水平高于LD和TP群体。同时 ,各群体中普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。太平洋牡蛎群体与其它三个褶牡蛎群体的遗传距离很小 ,甚至小于莱州和青岛的两个褶牡蛎群体间的遗传距离 0 .0 5 0 0 ,尤其是与俚岛褶牡蛎群体遗传相似度最大 ,遗传距离小于其它各群体之间的距离 ,仅为 0 .0 0 99。  相似文献   

广东沿岸牡蛎体Cd含量及时空分布特点   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

贾晓平  林钦  蔡文贵  李纯厚 《中国水产科学》2000,7(4):82-86

根据 198 9～ 1997年广东沿岸 12个采样点近江牡蛎 (CrassostrearivularisGould)体Cd的测定数据和有关历史资料 ,分析了广东沿岸牡蛎体Cd含量与时空分布特点。所有牡蛎体样品均检出Cd ,含量为( 0 .0 8～ 7.81)× 10 - 6,总平均值为 1.92× 10 - 6。粤东与粤西沿岸除个别样品外 ,绝大部分Cd含量均远低于评价标准 ,而珠江口沿岸样品的超标率则达到 2 5%。牡蛎体Cd含量的空间分布呈珠江口 >粤西 >粤东。1989～ 1997年 ,牡蛎体Cd含量的年际变化呈双峰分布 ,次高值和最高值分别出现在 1992年和 1995年 ,其余年份虽有波动 ,但无显著差异。  相似文献   

硒化牡蛎多糖制备及其抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性研究     

丁佳玉  曲敏  佟长青  李伟 《农产品加工．学刊》2019,(3):10-14,17

亚硒酸钠和牡蛎多糖合成硒化牡蛎多糖(SeOPS),纤维素DE-52分离纯化,红外光谱结构表征。DPPH·,ABTS+和·OH清除作用及铁还原力测定SeOPS抗氧化活性。MTT法检测SeOPS抑制肿瘤细胞增殖能力,采用流式细胞术检测SeOPS对细胞周期和凋亡的影响。结果表明,SeOPS具有清除DPPH·和ABTS+作用,IC50值分别为7.102 mg/m L和2.243 mg/m L。·OH及铁还原力清除效果与牡蛎多糖(OPS)无显著差别。SeOPS阻滞人宫颈癌(Hela)细胞G0/G1期及肝癌(HepG2) S期的发育,诱导细胞凋亡,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。  相似文献   

Comparative studies of the growth,survival, and reproduction of diploid and triploid Kumamoto oyster,Crassostrea sikamea     

Xiangwei Wu  Yuehuan Zhang  Shu Xiao  Yanping Qin  Haitao Ma  Ziniu Yu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):866-877

Triploid oysters have been used for farming to improve growth but have not been created in the Kumamoto oyster, Crassostrea sikamea, which is one of the crucial aquaculture species on the southern coast of China. In the present study, triploids were created using cytochalasin B to inhibit polar body II release in C. sikamea, with the untreated oysters as controls. Triploidy rates of 87 and 57.67%, on average, were obtained in larvae and adults, respectively. Larval growth and survival of the triploid were significantly lower than that of the controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, the triploid postlarvae and adults had a significant growth advantage over the controls (p < 0.05) during the period of 180 (December) to 450 days (September of the next year). Moreover, the triploids clearly exhibited significant sterility in the reproductive season. The glycogen and triglyceride contents in the gonad, adductor muscle, mantle, and gill were higher in triploids than in controls from 180 to 450 days. As a result, high physiological energy supply was strongly correlated with superior growth and reduced reproduction in triploid C. sikamea. The triploid C. sikamea is an excellent oyster species and can be used to improve growth for C. sikamea farming.  相似文献   

Genetic parameters of growth and survival in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas     

Yong Chi  Qi Li  Shikai Liu  Lingfeng Kong 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):282-290

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a representative bivalve mollusc that is widely cultured in the world and is the largest molluscan group cultured in China. In order to assess the feasibility of improving survival of C. gigas through genetic selection, the heritability and genetic correlations for growth and survival traits between different life stages were examined. Genetic parameters were estimated based on intraclass correlations of 49 full‐sib families (29 half‐sib families) in larvae (4 and 20 days after fertilization) and spat (140 days after fertilization) stages. The heritability for growth traits in larvae and spat was 0.30–0.86 and 0.53–0.59, respectively, and varied with ages. The heritability of survival was low in larvae (0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.17 ± 0.04, respectively for 4 and 20 days after fertilization) but medium (0.39 ± 0.07) in spat, suggesting that selection for increasing spat survival was feasible. The genetic correlation between growth traits within age was medium to high and positive (ranging from 0.47 to 0.96, respectively, between shell length (SL) and shell height (SH) at 20 days and between SL and SH at 140 days after fertilization), suggesting that selection to improve single growth trait will cause positive response in another growth traits in C. gigas. The genetic correlations between survival and growth traits at 140 days were low but positive (ranging from 0.23 to 0.27, respectively, between survival and SH and between survival and SL at 140 days after fertilization), suggesting that selection for survival may not have a negative response in growth. Overall, this study suggests that survival traits should be taken as improving target of next selection breeding programme in C. gigas.  相似文献   

广东沿海近江牡蛎重金属含量特征及其风险分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王增焕  贾晓平  林钦  甘居利  蔡文贵  陈海刚 《农业环境科学学报》2012,31(3):607-612

根据1997—2010年对广东沿海近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)的监测结果,对近江牡蛎体重金属元素镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)的含量水平、空间分布和时间变化进行了分析讨论,并对近江牡蛎这一经济水产品种的食用安全性进行了风险评估。结果表明,近江牡蛎Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量分别为(1.31±1.43)、(72.3±89.7)、(0.26±0.22)、(203±178)mg.kg-1,不同元素的含量与近江牡蛎对其累积能力有关。1997—2010年,广东沿海近江牡蛎体重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的含量总体呈下降趋势;空间分布特征为中部沿海重金属元素含量高于东部和西部沿海。风险分析结果显示,近江牡蛎体Pb、Cd的暴露量低于世界卫生组织/联合国粮食和农业组织(WHO/FAO)的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)的推荐值,处于安全范围内。  相似文献   

Evaluation of resistance to Dermo in eastern oyster strains tested in Chesapeake Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bonnie L Brown  Arthur J Butt  Donald Meritt  & Kennedy T Paynter 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(15):1544-1554

We investigated growth, Dermo disease, and survival for nine groups of oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) cultivated in Chesapeake Bay (CB). Five regional strains (upper CB, North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), Louisiana (LA) and LA triploids) and four additional hybrid strains (CB oysters mated with NC, SC, LA and Texas (TX) oysters) were held in floating rafts at three locations representative of lower CB: ‘low’ salinity (3–14 g L^?1), ‘moderate’ salinity (5–20 g L^?1) and ‘high’ salinity (14–24 g L^?1). At each site, patterns of growth and incidence of infection with Perkinsus marinus (Levine), the causative agent of Dermo disease, were similar. However, mortality trends were markedly different at each site; the CB strain being notable for accelerated mortality following infection with P. marinus. In addition, hybrids between CB and all four of the regional strains exhibited similar accelerated mortality in response to infection. Mortality was strongly correlated with infection only at the high salinity site implicating interaction of differences in both oyster strain and virulence of Dermo between moderate and high salinity areas as factors in differential mortality across sites.  相似文献