深海鱼体中砷含量的测定与健康风险评价     

王晓东  蔡波  孙宏飞 《安徽农业科学》2011,(9):5253-5254,5307

[目的]通过测定10种常见深海鱼体中砷的含量,并对海南省沿海居民经由饮食途径摄入砷的健康风险进行评估,为合理的饮食提供基础数据和参考。[方法]利用混合液（硝酸＋过氧化氢）消化样品,以盐酸作载流,采用氢化物-原子荧光法进行测定;采用目标危险系数（THQ）的方法对海南省沿海居民食用深海鱼的健康风险进行了评价。[结果]10种深海鱼的砷水平在0.018 5～0.091 2mg/kg范围内,均低于《食品中污染物限量》（GB2762-2005）对无公害海产品中砷含量的限量标准（≤0.1 mg/kg）,未出现超标现象。对成年人食用深海鱼的健康风险评估发现：海南省沿海居民长期食用带鱼、白鲳鱼、金线鱼、马鲛鱼、黄尾鱼、鲇鱼的目标危险系数大于1,存在健康风险;长期食用黄花鱼、石斑鱼、海肝鱼的目标危险系数接近1,有潜在的健康风险。[结论]在日常饮食中,合理搭配不同种类的鱼种以减少摄入重金属的健康风险,避免单一大量食用风险系数大于1的鱼种。  相似文献   

我国海水养殖产量与相关影响因子的灰色关联度分析     

丁然  张曦 《现代渔业信息》2014,(3):183-191

本文采用灰色关联分析方法对十年间海水养殖产量与13个相关因子的关联度进行评价,计算每个因子与海水养殖产量的灰色关联系数和灰色关联度,建立两两比较判断矩阵确定各因素对海水养殖产量的影响度。分析结果表明海水养殖产量的主控因子为：海水加工产品数量、水产品加工产值、海水养殖产值、水产苗种产值、渔民人均纯收入和海水养殖面积,影响度分别为：18.10%、16.69%、13.74%、13.65%、8.96%和8.67%,总影响度达79.81%。该结果能够较客观地反映影响我国海水养殖产量的主要因子,可将其作为制定海水养殖可持续发展政策和建议的依据。  相似文献   

筏式和底播增养殖模式下魁蚶食物来源的比较研究     

蔡星媛  张秀梅  刘旭绪  尤凯  张沛东 《中国水产科学》2016,23(6):1368-1379

2014年5月和9月,运用稳定同位素技术和胃含物分析法,比较研究了不同增养殖模式下魁蚶(Anadara broughtonii)的饵料特征差异,以期探讨增养殖魁蚶可能的食物来源。结果显示,魁蚶的δ~(13)C值存在明显的季节差异,在5月,筏养区魁蚶的δ~(13)C值明显低于9月,底播区则表现出相反趋势。5月,两种增养殖模式下魁蚶的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值均无明显差异;9月,筏养区魁蚶的δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N值均显著高于底播区。以浮游植物为主的颗粒有机物是筏养区魁蚶的主要食物来源,其贡献率可达61.0%~62.9%,附着微藻是其重要的食物补充(37.2%~39.0%);而底栖微藻则是底播区魁蚶最主要的食物来源,其贡献率达到51.7%(5月)和72.5%(9月)。胃含物分析结果显示,魁蚶主要滤食圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus)、曲舟藻属(Pleurosigma)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)和舟形藻属(Navicula)种类。底播模式下魁蚶胃含物组成与底栖微藻群落的相似性系数可达85.30%(5月)和77.20%(9月),表明魁蚶对水体中的微藻具有一定的选择性,以浮游性较弱、且易于下沉的硅藻或底栖硅藻类为主。研究结果可为魁蚶筏式养殖和底播增殖的科学管理提供参考。  相似文献   

Myxosporean Infections in Greek Mariculture     

G. Rigos  P. Christophilogiannis  M. Yiagnisi  A. Andriopoulou  M. Koutsodimou  I. Nengas  M. Alexis 《Aquaculture International》1999,7(5):361-364

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Bacterial diversity in various coastal mariculture ponds in Southeast China and in diseased eels as revealed by culture and culture‐independent molecular techniques     

Yonghui Zeng  Ying Ma  Chaoling Wei  Nianzhi Jiao  Kunxian Tang  Zaohe Wu  Jichang Jian 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e172-e186

Mariculture ponds are widely distributed in Chinese coasts and have become a threat to the health of coastal ecosystems. In order to improve our understanding on the microbial composition in mariculture environments, we sampled a variety of ponds farming different animals or plants around the Dongshan Island and Xiamen Island in Southeast China and isolated cultures from the tissues of diseased eels. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), clone library and direct culturing methods revealed highly diverse bacterial communities in these samples. Bacterial communities in the Dongshan samples were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The Gracilaria verrucosa pond harbours the most abundant species (20 DGGE bands), followed by Epinephelus diacanthus pond (18 bands), Haliotis diversicolor supertexta pond I (18 bands) and Penaeus vannamei pond (11 bands). In comparison with surface waters, Penacus orientalis pond sediment showed a much more complex bacterial community, from which only sequences affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and candidate phylum TM6 were found. Bacterial cultures in diseased eels were closely related to two pathogenic genera, Aeromonas in Gammaproteobacteria and Bacillus, in Firmicutes. Clones affiliated with another two genera, Escherichia and Vibrio, that have pathogenic potentials were also identified. Phylogenetic analysis of a total of 131 sequences showed that 48.9% of the sequences were clustered into Gammaproteobacteria and formed the most abundant group, followed by Alphaproteobacteria (19.1%), Firmicutes (7.6%), Bacteroidetes (5.3%), Deltaproteobacteria (5.3%), Actinobacteria (4.6%), Chloroplast (3.8%), Acidobacteria (2.3%), Cyanobacteria (1.5%), Betaproteobacteria (0.7%) and TM6 (0.7%). 43.7% (28/64) of the phylogenetic clusters cannot be classified into any known genus and 44.3% (58/131) of the sequences show <95% similarity to public database records, suggesting that abundant novel species exist in mariculture ponds. Gathering bacterial diversity data in mariculture ponds and diseased fish is meaningful for the prevention and control of fish diseases and for the improvement of our understanding of microbial ecology in a pond environment.  相似文献   

卵形鲳鲹高效低鱼粉配合饲料在深海网箱养殖中的应用效果评估          下载免费PDF全文

丁志荣  陈芳  张关荣  许健照  关俊锋  麻永财  谢帝芝  李远友 《渔业科学进展》2023,44(5):45-55

前期研究表明,卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)高效低鱼粉配合饲料在池塘网箱养殖中展现出优良效果。为进一步评估该饲料在深海网箱养殖中的应用效果,本研究基于该饲料配方,委托某饲料公司采用大规模生产工艺(基于饲料厂大机器、大规模生产条件下进行饲料生产,每小时生产量达十多吨,且具有喷油机等设备,通过外喷添加脂肪源)生产实验饲料(粗蛋白47.66%,粗脂肪7.98%),以某知名品牌的商品饲料为对照(粗蛋白47.75%,粗脂肪9.63%),利用上述2种饲料,于深海网箱(周长60 m)养殖大规格卵形鲳鲹(平均体重约为262 g) 33 d。结果显示,2种饲料组鱼的生长性能无统计学差异(P>0.05),然而,相比于商品料组,实验料组鱼的增重率和特定生长率分别提高了14.43%和8.19%,日均增重提高0.68 g;在肌肉营养成分和质构特性方面,实验组鱼肌肉脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但其水分显著降低(P<0.05);两组间鱼肌肉品质和质构特性无显著性差异(P>0.05)。相比于商品料组,实验料组鱼血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量及谷草转氨酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),实验组鱼肝脏总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),但两组间鱼肝脏抗氧化能力无显著性差异(P>0.05);此外,实验料每养成1 kg鱼的饲料成本比商品料低18.80%,总养殖效益提高62.12%。研究结果表明,与商品料相比,实验料(卵形鲳鲹高效低鱼粉配合饲料)不仅具有优良的促生长效果,且能够提升肌肉脂肪水平、改善卵形鲳鲹的血脂代谢、提高养殖经济效益。这说明该高效低鱼粉配合饲料可在卵形鲳鲹养殖生产中大规模推广应用。  相似文献   

Effects of intensive mariculture on the sediment environment as revealed by phytoplankton pigments in a semi‐enclosed bay,South China Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Tao Jiang  Zonghe Yu  Zhanhui Qi  Chao Chai  Keming Qu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1923-1935

Phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the surface sediments of a fish and oyster farm in Dapeng Cove, South China Sea, were measured monthly to investigate the effects of mariculture on the environment from December 2011 to December 2012. The highest contents of the identified phytopigments, sulphides and total organic carbon in the surface sediments were all found at the fish farm, followed by the oyster farm; the lowest contents were detected at the control site. Fucoxanthin in the surface sediments was the most abundant carotenoid and was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a (Chl a; r = 0.922, P < 0.01). This finding suggested that the deposited diatoms could be the main source of the Chl a concentration. Besides a differential sedimentation of phytoplankton (i.e. higher downflux at fish and oyster site than that at control site), we assume that the extent of pigment diminution from the fish site to control site was also controlled by the chemical conditions of the surface sediments. The fish farm provided the most optimum preservation conditions for the phytopigments and was a good sink for phytodetritus among the three sites because of its anoxic and reductive characteristics. Phytoplankton pigments could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the influence of mariculture on sediment environment.  相似文献   

广西海参养殖现状及产业发展建议     

黄亮华  冯鹏霏  潘传燕  梁方方  潘传营 《中国农业科技导报》2020,22(1):124-129

为了更好地推动广西海参产业发展,综述了广西海参资源和养殖现状,分析了广西海参产业面临的主要问题,并对广西海参产业的可持续健康发展提出建议。广西海参养殖业存在养殖规模小、养殖技术水平低、设施化水平低、养殖品种单一、种质资源良莠不齐等问题。建议通过挖掘本地优势种质资源,建立育苗基地;合理规划布局,改善基础设施;开展海参繁养技术研究,提高海参育苗和养殖技术等措施推动广西海参产业健康发展,为广西海洋渔业经济做贡献。  相似文献   

桑沟湾春季有色溶解有机物(CDOM)吸收光谱特性及空间分布特征     

吴文广  张继红  刘毅  王新萌  杨珺  冯旭  康秦梓 《水产学报》2024,48(2)

有色溶解有机物(CDOM)是水生态系统中碳的重要来源,其光学性质可示踪海水中溶解有机物组分的动态信息。利用紫外可见吸收光谱手段,分区域测定了桑沟湾春季水体及表层沉积物间隙水中CDOM的吸收光谱特征,探讨了CDOM的来源组成、空间分布特征、迁移转化过程及其与养殖活动的关系。结果表明,(1)波长为355_的吸收系数(a(355))范围为0.23~9.09 /m,不同水层空间分布差异显著,表层和底层均从近岸区向贝藻区逐渐降低,之后在海带区升高后向外海逐渐降低；海带区从表层向底层先降低后升高,高密度、规模化的海带养殖释放了大量的CDOM,各区域沉积物间隙水a(355)是其表中底之和的1.3~2.5倍,CDOM在沉积物间隙水中富集并逐渐累积。(2)光谱斜率(S_275-295)范围为0.013~0.036,外海区和海带区S_275-295均值显著高于其他各区,海带区和外海区CDOM中海源有机质占主要成分,而近岸区以陆源有机质为主；近岸区CDOM中的腐殖酸类物质含量从表层到底层逐渐降低,沉积物中积累的富里酸类物质含量较高,海带区和外海区呈相反趋势。(3)比紫外吸光度(SUVA₂₅₄)范围为4.60~14.10 L/(mg.m),贝类区、贝藻区和藻类区SUVA₂₅₄均呈现出从表层到底层逐渐增大的趋势,CDOM的芳香性逐渐增强并在沉积物间隙水中达到最大；海带区和外海区沉积物间隙水中的SUVA₂₅₄显著高于其他各区,表明海带区的规模化养殖活动向养殖海区及邻近海域贡献了较多的惰性溶解有机物,暗示着海带养殖活动有较强的碳汇效应并通过海流作用向外海输送。  相似文献   

芽孢杆菌对罗非鱼养殖水体水质的影响     

吴迪  董爱华  陈训银 《饲料与畜牧》2011,(12):44-48

水产养殖需要先养水,水质的好坏直接影响到养殖动物的生长发育。本次试验通过在罗非鱼鱼苗的养殖水体中加入芽孢杆菌制剂,并于3月、4月、5月从养殖池采集水样,使用塞氏盘法(测定透明度)、分光光度法(测定氨氮、硫化氢、亚硝酸盐的含量)和血细胞平板法(测定有益/有害藻的数量),获取鱼塘各项水体指标的平均值,做出变化曲线,并且通过对数据的整体分析达到科学合理的分析,使用芽孢杆菌能够达到改良水体水质、预防鱼病的目的。结果表明:在罗非鱼养殖池中加入芽孢杆菌制剂,可明显增加水体透明度,降低水体中氨氮、硫化氢、亚硝酸盐的含量及有效有害藻在水体中的繁殖。  相似文献