作物残体去向与利用及对土壤氮素转化的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

DINGXue-li    HEHong-bo  BAIZhen  XIEHong-tu  LIXiao-bo    ZHENGLi-chen  ZHANGMing    ZHANG Xu-dong 《土壤通报》2008,(6)

近年来,作物残体还田受到了很大的关注,一方面它可以改进土壤氮素的动态变化,减少硝态氮淋失;另一方面可作为提高耕地土壤作为潜在氮储库的一种手段。作物残体是碳、氮的重要源和库,因此还田后会影响土壤中的氮素循环。本文综述了作物残体还田后对土壤氮素转化的影响及残体氮素的利用与去向问题。具体阐述了以下几个方面内容:作物残体的降解过程及影响因素,残体氮素的利用率及去向问题,以及作物残体对土壤无机氮库、有机氮库、微生物特征的影响。  相似文献   

反刍动物日粮组合效应的研究进展     

郭冬生  ;彭小兰 《家畜生态》2008,(2):109-112

从传统饲养体系的局限性到组合效应的概念、衡量指标类型、试验研究、发生机制、等方面综述了反刍动物日粮组合效应的研究方法与应用。  相似文献   

不同播期和施氮量对玉米品种俊达001产量及农艺性状的影响     

刘经纬  王伟莉  丁勇  秦贵周  刘静 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(26):39-40

[目的]在中等肥力大田条件下,研究不同播期和施氮量对俊达001产量及农艺性状的影响。[方法]以玉米品种俊达001为试验材料,研究4个施氮量(225、375、525、675 kg/hm~2)和3个播期(6月2日、6月10日、6月18日)对其农艺性状和产量的影响。[结果]在种植密度67 500株/hm~2条件下,俊达001高产的最适施氮量为525 kg/hm~2,最适播种期为6月2日。[结论]该研究探索出俊达001高产的最佳播期和施氮量,为其高产稳产提供参考。  相似文献   

秸秆还田对黄淮地区农作物病虫害的影响及防治对策     

穆长安  李志 《安徽农业科学》2016,(11)

以黄淮地区为例,分析了秸秆还田对农作物病虫害的影响,包括:秸秆还田为小麦纹枯病重发提供了充足菌源;小麦全蚀病发生面积增加、危害程度加重;小麦赤霉病由偶发病害变为常发病害;蜗牛由次要虫害变成主要虫害;新发虫害二点委夜蛾危害加重。同时提出了农业措施、物理防治、化学防治等对策。  相似文献   

0.05％核苷酸对芝麻的增产效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯文邦  王辉 《河南农业科学》2011,40(11):60-62

2010年在河南省项城市进行随机区组试验,研究叶面喷施0.05％核苷酸(桑兰990A)对芝麻的增产效果.结果表明:与喷清水相比,喷施0.05％核苷酸(2mL/L)、0.05％核苷酸(2mL/L)+红A硼(2g/L)处理的芝麻株高分别增加5.40 cm、12.80 cm,蒴果数增加5.96个、14.94个,株粒数增加46...  相似文献   

大麦的营养保健功能和药用功效   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈丽华  王燕春 《青海农林科技》2010,(4):21-22

大麦是一种主要的粮食和饲料作物,用途广泛。本文综述了大麦的营养保健功能和药用功效。  相似文献   

Tropical reptiles in pine forests: Assemblage responses to plantations and plantation management by burning     

Beth Mott  Ross A. Alford  Lin Schwarzkopf 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Worldwide, the land area devoted to timber plantations is expanding rapidly, especially in the tropics, where reptile diversity is high. The impacts of plantation forestry and its management on native species are poorly known, but are important, because plantation management goals often include protecting biodiversity. We examined the impact of pine (Pinus caribaea) plantations, and their management by fire, on the abundance and richness of reptiles, a significant proportion of the native biodiversity in tropical northern Australia, by (i) comparing abundance and diversity of reptiles among pine plantations (on land cleared specifically for plantation establishment), and two adjacent native forest types, eucalypt and Melaleuca woodlands, and (ii) comparing reptile abundance and richness in pine forest burnt one year prior to the study to remove understorey vegetation with pine forest burnt two years prior to the study. We also examined the influence of fire on reptile assemblages in native vegetation, by comparing eucalypt woodland burnt two years prior to the study and unburnt for eight years. To quantify mechanisms driving differences in reptile richness and abundance among forest types and management regimes, we measured forest structure, the temperatures used by reptiles (operative temperature) and solar radiation, at replicate sites in all forest types and management regimes. Compared to native forests, pine forests had taller trees, lower shrub cover in the understorey, more and deeper exotic litter (other than pine), and were cooler and shadier. Reptile assemblages in pine forests were as rich as those in native forests, but pine assemblages were composed mainly of species that typically use closed-canopy rainforest and prefer cooler, shadier habitats. Burning did not appear to influence the assemblage structure of reptiles in native forest, but burning under pine was associated with increased skink abundance and species richness. Burned pine was not warmer or sunnier than unburned pine, a common driver of reptile abundance, so the shift in lizard use after burning may have been driven by structural differences in understorey vegetation, especially amounts of non-native litter, which were reduced by burning. Thus, burning for management under pine increased the abundance and richness of lizard assemblages using pine. Pine plantations do not support the snake diversity common to sclerophyllous native forests, but pine may have the potential to complement rainforest lizard diversity if appropriately managed.  相似文献   

喷施糠氨基嘌呤对小麦分蘖·株高·产量的影响     

郭战备  郭志刚  郭振营 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(19)

[目的]研究施用不同浓度糠氨基嘌呤对小麦分蘖、株高、产量的影响。[方法]在小麦不同生育期喷施不同浓度糠氨基嘌呤,探究施用糠氨基嘌呤对小麦分蘖、株高、产量的影响。[结果]在小麦生长的分蘖、拔节、灌浆这3个关键时期喷施糠氨基嘌呤,小麦的生育期没有变化;对小麦的分蘖数、株高、有效穗数、千粒重均有较明显的调节作用,且均表现为正增长。其中,糠氨基嘌呤(0.4%水剂)有效成分浓度4.00、6.67、8.00 mg/kg处理对小麦产量影响显著高于有效成分浓度2.86 mg/kg处理,极显著高于空白对照处理。[结论]该研究为糠氨基嘌呤在小麦生产实践中应用提供理论依据和技术参考。  相似文献   

The in vivo and in vitro effects of Ca2+ and Al3+ upon ATPases from barley roots     

W. Veitrup 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):349-361

Experiments were performed to test the effect of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ upon ATPases (E.C. 3.6.1.3) from barley roots (Hordeum distichon L. cv. MULTUM) that had or had not taken up Al³⁺. Furthermore, the effect of the uptake period was examined. With longer duration of the Al³⁺ uptake, the activity of the ATPases dropped, independently of whether they were activated by Ca²⁺ or by Mg²⁺. Mg²⁺ stimulated the activity of the ATPases if no Al³⁺ had been taken up with lacking Ca²⁺ in the assay. If Al³⁺ had been taken up no additional activation by Mg²⁺ to the Ca²⁺ stimulation could be observed, and in some cases Mg²⁺ decreased the Ca²⁺ stimulation.  相似文献   

钾肥对砂质潮土夏玉米产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王宜伦  韩燕来  谭金芳  苗玉红  汪强 《玉米科学》2008,16(4):163-166

在砂质潮土上设置田间试验,研究了不同施钾量与钾肥施用方式对夏玉米产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明:随着钾肥用量的增加,夏玉米产量、土壤速效钾含量和植株钾素积累量均增加,要保持土壤速效钾平衡,钾肥用量应达150kg/hm²以上。相同施钾水平下,分次施钾的增产增收效应、钾肥当季回收率均显著高于一次基施肥处理。从钾肥的增产增收效应、钾肥当季回收率、土壤钾素平衡等多方面综合分析,以施钾量225kg/hm²分次施用时效果最好,与不施钾处理相比可增产1026kg/hm²,钾肥当季回收率为45.9%,并实现土壤速效钾的盈余。  相似文献