Fishing down the deep   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

Telmo Morato  Reg Watson  Tony J. Pitcher  & Daniel Pauly 《Fish and Fisheries》2006,7(1):24-34

Global landings of demersal marine fishes are demonstrated to have shifted to deeper water species over the last 50 years. Our analysis suggests deep‐water fish stocks may be at serious risk of depletion, as their life histories render them highly vulnerable to overfishing with little resilience to over‐exploitation. Deep‐sea fisheries are exploiting the last refuges for commercial fish species and should not be seen as a replacement for declining resources in shallower waters. Instead, deep‐water habitats are new candidates for conservation.  相似文献   

Chemical treatment of lobster eggs against epibiotic bacteria     

Ingebrigt Uglem  Lars Elias Uksnøy  øivind Bergh 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(1):1-8

Eggs of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.), were exposed to malachite green (5, 10, 15 mg 1^–1: 10 min), glutaraldehyde (50, 100, 150 mg 1^–1: 3 min) and iodine as Buffodine^TM (50, 100, 150 mg 1^–1: 10 min). The efficiency of the treatments was tested by incubating eggs individually in wells of multiwell dishes with TSB agar for 14 days after exposure. In order to find any effect on viability, batches of 30 eggs from each of three females were incubated artificially in a recirculation system for 19 days and repeatedly exposed to the disinfectants. Iodine as Buffodine (150 mg 1^–1) was the only treatment that resulted in a significant decrease of the bacterial growth on lobster eggs, but the treatment also resulted in inhibited hatching compared with the control group. Thus, our results indicate that treatment with 150mg^–1 iodine as Buffodine could be a strategy for reducing bacterial growth on lobster eggs when massive egg mortality due to bacteria is otherwise unavoidable. The treatment could, however, lead to decreased viability of larvae due to inhibited hatching.  相似文献   

欧洲鳗li血液指标的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周玉  郭文场  杨振国  邹啸环  邹尔新  马家好 《水产科学》2001,20(2):7-9

以114尾欧洲鳗li(Anguilla anguilla)为材料，测定了血液中红细胞数，白细胞数，血红蛋白值，比积，白细胞分类计数值及各型血型细胞大小等正常值，按统计学原理进行分析，并对总体正常值范围进行估计，另对欧洲鳗li的血液指标与其他鱼类的血液指标进行了比较。  相似文献   

《欧盟木材法案》对中国木质林产品出口的影响     

李晓燕  赵洁  刘燕娜 《台湾农业探索》2014,(4):35-40

《欧盟木材法案》于2013年3月正式实施,这对于中国木质林产品的出口会产生一定的影响。该文介绍了《欧盟木材法案》出台的背景和内容,分析了《欧盟木材法案》实施以来对中国木质林产品的积极影响和消极影响,并提出应推进森林认证体系的构建、实施多元化市场战略、加强企业供应链管理的建议。  相似文献   

Analysis on Dynamic Adjustment of Capital Structure under Uncertainty     

CAO Guo hu  MENG Wei dong 《保鲜与加工》2002,(11):45-49

Under uncertainty which the enterprise asset value follows an exogenous stochastic differential equation, total value of the enterprise equals to asset value added to present value of tax sheltering about coupons, minus present value of bankruptcy costs. Present values of tax-sheltering and bankruptcy costs are contingent claims of the enterprise asset value, which depends on endogenous bankruptcy point. An expression about asset value of endogenous bankruptcy is obtained by "high contact" condition, base on which effects on the stockholders and creditors are given when capital structure is dynamically adjusted, and interest and strategy of stockholders and creditors are discussed.  相似文献   

Signalling with Firm Debt Maturity Choice     

LEI Sen  LI Chuang-zhao  LI Ben-bo 《保鲜与加工》2004,(9):143-145152

The firm's debt maturity structure is the important part of capital structure. Based on the analysis of credit behavior between bank and enterprise, we study the determination of firm's debt maturity structure. It is shown that when there is the cost resulting from credit rationing, the maturity of the debt can be viewed as a signal about the firm's quality sent to the bank. The high quality firm with stable cash profit tends to the high ratio of short-term debt, and signaling quality of firm to bank.  相似文献   

Heterotic relationships among European maize inbreds     

P. Revilla  R.A. Malvar  M.E. Cartea  P. Soengas  A. Ordás 《Euphytica》2002,124(2):259-264

European flint maize (Zea mays L.)cannot be considered an uniform group of germplasm based on its origin and area of adaptation. However, maize breeders have not taken full advantage of the variability within the European flint germplasm. The objective of this work was to study the heterotic relationships among European maize inbreds from different origins. Nine European flint inbreds were crossed in a diallel that was evaluated in three environments in northwestern Spain. The variability within the European flint germplasm and the agronomic value of some inbreds could be utilized for maize breeding programs as an alternative to the systematic introduction of U.S. dent germplasm that is narrowing the germplasm base of breeding programs even in places where it is poorly adapted. Some European flint inbreds may also be valuable sources of earliness (F7 and EP42), resistance to root lodging (EA1070), and yield (EP42).These results suggest that, within the European flint germplasm, there could be some heterotic patterns, such as ‘north-central Europe × southern Europe’, which could provide an alternative to the heterotic pattern ‘European flint × U.S. dent’. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

More than a ‘blip’: The changed character of South‐East Asia’s engagement with the global economy in the post‐1997 period     

Bill Pritchard 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2006,47(3):311-326

Abstract: Through reviewing South‐East Asia’s recent economic engagement with the global economy, this paper points to profound recent transformations in the scope and character of the region’s development. Foreign direct investment was the key driver of regional growth in the pre‐1997 period, yet currently, the region faces a more difficult and multifaceted economic arena from which to attract such funds. Foreign direct investment is more selective, both geographically and by sector, than was the case in that earlier period. This paper explains the confluence of economics, business practices and politics that are giving rise to these outcomes, and concludes from this that development trajectories in South‐East Asia will become more diverse between the countries of the region, with implications for how we understand regional economic performance.  相似文献   

Phosphate-rich soils in the European Union: estimating total plant-available phosphorus     

A. Delgado  J. Torrent   《European Journal of Agronomy》1997,6(3-4):205-214

The estimation of plant-available phosphorus (P) has become important for farmers and environmental agencies, because it can help them: (i) use existing soil P reserves more efficiently, and (ii) establish criteria for reducing or stopping application of P fertilizers, which can cause water eutrophication. In this study, total plant-available P (TPAP) in 12 P-rich soils from major agricultural areas of the European Union was estimated by successive cropping in pots, and compared to the amount of P extracted by different methods. Plant desorption curves generally conformed to a Temkin equation (P uptake = A+B log(P concentration in soil solution)). P uptake was also linearly related to the change in Olsen P of soil. Of the various laboratory methods used to estimate TPAP, extraction by goethite (viz., a ‘near-infinite’ Fe oxide sink) proved the most efficient, followed by repeated extraction with an anion-exchange resin in chloride form. Isotopically exchangeable P (IEP) was found to be useless for estimating TPAP, particularly in acid soils. However, IEP at 14 days, combined with the P concentration in the soil solution, provided a good estimate for TPAP. In practice, TPAP can also be predicted from Olsen P, provided the varying efficiency of bicarbonate in extracting P from soils in different pH ranges is considered.  相似文献   

Contingent Claims Analysis of Valuation of Risky Debt with Bankruptcy Costs     

CAO Guo? hu  HUANG Wei 《保鲜与加工》2003,(1):138-141

Research on valuation of corporate risky debt is given when bankruptcy costs are taken into account. Bankruptcy costs are expenditures of enterprise that get into bankruptcy, as a result, enterprise asset value is reduced, and debt value is reduced too because bondholders only receive asset value deducted from bankruptcy costs. Differential equation which risky debt value follows is given and a model about infinite maturity debt is obtained. By applying contingent claims pricing and stochastic calculus methods, the paper derives a risky debt value formula, this formula can illustrate the effect of investment policy and dividend policy on risky debt value. At last the results are comporred with results of Merton and Black and it is found that our results improve Merton and Black's.  相似文献