中草药防治寄生性鱼病的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡梁及 《中国兽药杂志》2014,48(9):66-69

通过查阅近年来国内有关中草药防治寄生性鱼病的文献,系统的介绍了常见的鱼类寄生虫病,并就中草药对该病害的防治研究与应用进行阐述,以期为寄生性鱼病的防治提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卫洋洋  蔡海莹  张放  王志耕  刘虎  张炜 《中国奶牛》2014,(1):8-11

试验采用发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,旨在研究其对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取16头泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦牛,采用配对分组设计4个处理组：对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的精料中,用发酵油茶饼粕分别代替15％、30％和45％的豆粕。试验结果表明,发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,对其产奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂率有一定的提升作用．且发酵油茶饼粕价格相对于豆粕有很大的优势;采用发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛,能够有效降低饲养成本,值得推广应用。  相似文献   

陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵豆粕的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚勇芳  赵祥杰  廖延智  陈小凤  李平凡 《动物营养学报》2014,(11):3537-3544

本试验旨在研究陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵生料豆粕。以酸溶性蛋白含量为主要检测指标,研究陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌不同培养条件对豆粕固态发酵的影响。结果表明:1)陈香茶菌适宜培养条件为,称取0.5 g陈香茶粉接入装有100 m L马铃薯葡萄糖培养基三角瓶中,28℃静置培养24 h。2)豆粕固态发酵最佳工艺为,10%枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液+10%陈香茶菌培养液+10%糖蜜+10%水+55%豆粕,在37℃密闭条件下培养3~6 d。通过陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵,能显著改善生料豆粕营养价值,有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary cottonseed meal protein level on growth, gonad development and plasma sex steroid hormones of tropical fish tilapia Oreochromis sp     

Jacques Rinchard  Godfrey Mbahinzireki  Konrad Dabrowski  Kyeong-Jun Lee  Mary-Ann Garcia-Abiado  Joseph Ottobre 《Aquaculture International》2002,10(1):11-28

Five experimental diets containing increasing proportions of cottonseedmeal (CSM) protein (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; diets 1 to 5, respectively) toreplace fish meal (FM) protein were formulated for intensive culture of tilapiaOreochromis sp. Each diet was fed to three replicategroupsof fish (mean weight ± SE = 11.3 ± 3.9 g) in30L aquaria connected as a closed recirculating-water system andmaintained at 27 ± 1 °C. Fish were fed three times adayby hand at a rate of 3% of body weight during four weeks, after which thefeeding rate was gradually decreased to reach 1.5% at 16 weeks. Thesubstitutionof 75 and 100% of FM proteins by CSM proteins resulted in significantly lowerbody weights in both sexes. In both sexes, gonadosomatic indexes and plasmaconcentrations of sex steroids (testosterone, 11-ketotestoterone,estradiol-17 and 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) were notsignificantly different among dietary treatments. The concentration ofgossypol,an antifertility agent contained in CSM, was measured in reproductive tissues.The total gossypol concentration in the testis was consistently lower than thatmeasured in the ovaries of the same group. Moreover, in both sexes, theconcentration of the (+)isomer of gossypol was always higher than that of(–)isomer. The total gossypol concentrations in testes increasedsignificantly with the increase of CSM in the diet. The highest levels of the(+)isomer (7.64 ± 0.62 g g^–1)were found in the testes of fish fed diet 4, whereas the (–)isomerreached its highest values in the testes of fish fed diet 5. The highest levelsof both enantiomers of gossypol were found in the ovaries of fish fed diet 4(14.2 ± 2.7 and 5.6 ± 1.5 g g^–1for (+) and (–)isomers, respectively). In both sexes, thehistological analysis of the gonads did not reveal differences among the fishfed different levels of CSM. Although CSM at any levels did not affect thereproductive parameters examined in this study, it cannot be used to substitutemore than 50% of FM since at higher levels growth of tilapia was compromised.  相似文献   

Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and tilapia galilae Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings fed plant protein-based diets     

Asraf Mohamed A-S Goda  M E Wafa  E R El-Haroun  & M A Kabir Chowdhury 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(8):827-837

This study was designed to determine the effect of complete substitution of fish meal (FM) by three plant protein sources including extruded soybean meal (SBM), extruded full‐fat soybean (FFSB) and corn gluten meal (CGM) on growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and tilapia galilae Sarothrodon galilaeus. Four isonitrogenous of crude protein (ca. 28.0%) and isocaloric (ca. 19 MJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets were formulated. The control diet (diet 1) was prepared with FM as the main protein sources. Diets 2–4, each FM control diet, were completely substituted with SBM (diet 2), FFSB (diet 3) and CGM (diet 4). l ‐lysine and dl ‐methionine were added to plant protein diets to cover the nutritional requirements of tilapia. Each treatment was allocated to three net pens and fed for 17 weeks. Nile tilapia fed the control diet showed significantly higher (P≤0.05) values for final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), whereas fish fed the diet with CGM achieved the lowest values. Tilapia galilae fed SBM diet recorded the highest (P≤0.05) values for growth performance. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both Oreochromis niloticus and Sarothrodon galilaeus was observed when fish were fed SBM diet, whereas the worse FCR was recorded for FFSB diet. Feed utilization parameters including protein productive value (PPV), fat retention (FR) and energy retention (ER) showed significant differences (P≤0.05) for both the species fed different dietary protein sources. The present results suggest that, for Nile tilapia, both SBM and FFSB supplemented with dl ‐methionine and l ‐lysine can completely replace dietary FM. Meanwhile, S. galilaeus fed SBM diet exhibited comparable growth and feed utilization with those fish fed a fish‐meal‐based diet.  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea     

Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Beiping Tan  Wei Xu  Qingyuan Duan  Hongming Ma  Lu Zhang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):255-263

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.  相似文献   

The effect of fish meal content in trout food on water colour in a closed recirculating aquaculture system     

C. Schuster 《Aquaculture International》1994,2(4):266-269

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Digestive capacity, intestinal morphology, and microflora of 1-year and 2-year old Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed standard or bioprocessed soybean meal     

Ståle Refstie  Thor Landsverk  Anne Marie Bakke-McKellep  Einar Ringø  Anne Sundby  Karl D. Shearer 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):269-284

The objectives of this work were to evaluate how dietary soybean meal (SBM) or a soy meal made by bioprocessing the SBM (BPSBM) to remove anti-nutritional factors affected hydrolytic capacity, amino acid absorption, intestinal morphology, and microflora along the intestinal tract of Atlantic cod at two life stages. Three fish meal based standard cod diets were formulated to contain no soy (FM control), 25% SBM, or 22% BPSBM. Prior to sampling the diets were fed to duplicate groups of 0.5 kg (1-year old) and 1.7 kg (2-year old) cod for a period of 3 months, and the groups reached 0.9 and 2.5 kg, respectively. Digesta was then sampled from different intestinal sections for analyses of trypsin and amylase activity as well as absorption of amino acids, nitrogen, and sulphur. Gastrointestinal sections were sampled for measurements of relative weight (kg^− 1 body weight), and tissues from these sections were sampled for analyses of brush border enzyme (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and maltase) activity and histological examination. Microflora was sampled from both digesta and the intestinal wall. The SBM diet stimulated relative growth of all gastrointestinal sections except the distal intestine in both age classes. Relative growth of the pyloric intestine was also stimulated by BPSBM. The pyloric caeca and the upper mid intestine were found to be the major sites for enzymatic hydrolysis of protein and starch and for amino acid absorption. Dietary SBM and BPSBM did not alter the activity of trypsin and LAP, but the activity of these enzymes in the proximal intestine was affected by age, being higher in 1-year old than in 2-year old cod. The rate of amino acid, nitrogen, and sulphur absorption along the gastrointestinal tract was not affected by SBM, but was slowed by BPSBM. Dietary SBM or BPSBM did not alter the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in any sections of the cod intestine. The distal-most structure of the intestine, a compartment with inlet and outlet (anus) valves, showed very high microbial colonisation in the mucosal brush border. Inclusion of SBM in the diet changed the intestinal microflora, increasing the population level of transient bacteria in the pyloric and mid intestine, but reducing the population level of adherent bacteria throughout the intestine. To conclude, Atlantic cod appeared to have a robust and flexible digestive system able to adjust to high dietary levels of soy protein meals.  相似文献   

Accuracy of a machine-vision pellet detection system     

Kevin D. Parsonage  Royann J. Petrell   《Aquacultural Engineering》2003,29(3-4):109-123

Video cameras are employed on net pen fish farms for monitoring food pellet levels near the cage bottom. Herein, the accuracy of a new machine-vision system for the identification of a feed-wastage event and its response time are reported. Research involved novel tests and definitions, video footage recorded under different stocking and environmental conditions, and numerical filters to reduce the effects of misclassifications and patchiness of the pellet wastage record on overall system accuracy. Single-frame food pellet detection accuracy was based on the difference between computer-generated and actual frame counts of pellets greater than 30 pixels in size. A pellet wastage event was defined as a median of three or more visible pellets per frame. During tests on still video frames from different feeding events, the system missed 0.1±0.1 to 1.3±0.4 pellets frame⁻¹, and miss-classified as pellets 0±0.1 to 2.3±0.5 objects frame⁻¹ (n=264). Most missed pellet images were on top of fish images. Waste matter accounted for 65% of the misclassifications, while particles associated with poor camera maintenance accounted for approximately 24%. The average response time to a pellet wastage event was 5.1 and 11.4 s for sampling rates of 2 frames s⁻¹ and 0.5 frames s⁻¹, respectively (n=20 different pellet wastage events). The longest response time (26 s) occurred when fish were amassed against the camera and/or covering pellets. Using appropriate camera lens, camera positioning and/or ‘warning’ software can address fish-interference problems.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)     

J. Gaye-Siessegger  U. Focken  K. Becker 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(4):275-282

This study investigated the influence of different dietary protein/carbohydrate ratios on activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism as well as on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreo- chromis niloticus). Fish were fed semi-synthetic diets differing in their protein/carbohydrate ratio. The diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isoenergetic (on the basis of metabolizable energy). Fish were reared individually. After a prefeeding phase, tilapia were randomly assigned to three groups and were fed the experimental diets at a relatively low level. The study lasted 9 weeks. Proximate composition, gross energy content, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in the liver of fish were determined. While the mean growth rate and feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly among the feeding groups, the body composition showed significant differences. The dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio had no significant effect on the protein and energy gain, but the lipid gain was significantly higher in tilapia fed the low-protein diet. The activities of ASAT and ALAT per gram of liver and per gram of soluble protein were significantly increased in fish fed the high-protein diet. There was a significant positive correlation between the activities of ASAT and ALAT. The activities of both enzymes in the liver were significantly higher in fish with a higher protein gain. Measuring the activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism can provide more information about the metabolic utilized dietary protein.  相似文献