小麦-黑麦抗条锈病1BL/ 1RS易位系8-2-1的鉴定     

梁邦平  刁慧珊  李家创  袁凤平  刘洋  白宇皓  李毛  郝冬冬  白升升  武军  赵继新  杨群慧  陈新宏 《麦类作物学报》2018,(9):1045-1052

利用农艺性状优良的普通小麦品系W770B(2n=6x=42,AABBDD)与墨西哥黑麦(Secale cereale L. 2n=2x=14,RR)杂交,秋水仙素处理染色体加倍,再经过多次与W770B回交,筛选出若干性状优良的衍生系。在大田用抖粉法人工接种条锈病混合菌种(CYR31,CYR32)对衍生系进行多次鉴定,筛选出对条锈病混合菌种(CYR31,CYR32)高抗的衍生系8-2-1。为了明确小麦新种质8-2-1的遗传基础,为该种质的应用提供参考,采用细胞学、原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)、分子标记(SCAR,SSR)、SDS-PAGE、近红外谷物分析仪和农艺性状调查对其进行鉴定分析。细胞学鉴定结果表明,8-2-1具有42条染色体(2n=42=21II);以黑麦DNA为探针的原位杂交(GISH)鉴定结果表明,8-2-1具有黑麦染色体信号;黑麦特异SCAR标记和1RS上的SCAR标记能够同时在黑麦和8-2-1中扩增出特异条带;小麦各个基因组SSR分子标记鉴定结果表明,只有小麦1BS上的SSR标记不能在8-2-1中扩增出目的条带,表明8-2-1为小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS易位系。SDS-PAGE 结果表明,8-2-1亚基组成为Null、7+8、2+12,与W770B(Null,7+16,2+12)在Glu-B1位点编码的HMW-GS存在差异。8-2-1粗蛋白含量（干基）、面筋含量（湿基）达到中筋小麦标准;Zeleny沉降值符合弱筋小麦标准。农艺性状调查发现,8-2-1具有早熟、大穗、大粒等优点。因此,8-2-1可为培育高产、抗病和优质小麦新品种提供重要的中间材料。  相似文献   

Effect of combining two genes for partial resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) derived from Thinopyrum intermedium in wheat     

J. Jahier  F. Chain  D. Barloy  A. -M. Tanguy  J. Lemoine  G. Riault  E. Margalé  M. Trottet  E. Jacquot 《Plant pathology》2009,58(5):807-814

In this study two sources of resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), both originating from Thinopyrum intermedium , were combined in a single genotype, line ZT, using GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) and a new molecular marker of the partial resistance gene Bdv2 . Susceptible wheat cv. Sunstar, the translocation line TC14 carrying Bdv2 , the addition line ZH with the group-2 chromosome arm carrying resistance, and line ZT with both resistances were inoculated with five strains of Barley yellow dwarf virus -PAV. The tests confirmed the resistance of TC14 and ZH and revealed an additive effect of the two sources of resistance in ZT. The resistance of line ZT was characterized by a proportion of infected plants significantly lower than the parental lines TC14 and ZH (42% vs. a mean of 76% for the parents) and a very low virus titre (area under the virus concentration progress curve of 1·2 vs. a mean on 6·3 for the parents).  相似文献   

应用GISH与STS标记鉴定小麦-中间偃麦草抗黄矮病端体系   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

崔志富  林志珊  辛志勇  唐益苗  张增艳  卢勤 《作物学报》2006,32(12):1855-1859

由大麦黄矮病毒引起的小麦黄矮病毒病是一个严重病害,至今在小麦属内还没有发现抗源。中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体携带一个高抗黄矮病基因,对该基因的染色体臂定位将为制定抗病基因向小麦转移策略,筛选、开发特定的、与抗性连锁的分子标记的研究提供重要信息。本文对由小麦-中间偃麦草二体附加系Z6衍生的3个抗黄矮病端体系进行鉴定,通过分析端体的遗传构成、筛选与端体共分离的STS标记以确定端体在遗传上的染色体臂归属,从而明确BYDV抗病基因的染色体位置。以拟鹅冠草基因组[Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Löve,St]DNA为探针,中国春基因组(Triticum aestivum L., ABD) DNA作封阻分别对抗病亲本Z6及抗病端体系N530的根尖体细胞染色体进行原位杂交,结果表明,N530体细胞中有2个端体显示出与Z6中外源染色体2Ai-2短臂相似, 而与长臂不同的杂交信号。以小麦第2同源群的5个RFLP探针的DNA序列为基础,设计了6对PCR引物,对小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系、二体代换系和端体系进行扩增,结果表明,基于短臂探针psr126,psr131序列设计的2对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体及端体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,而基于长臂探针psr112序列设计的1对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,但不能在端体系进行特异扩增,证明外源端体为2Ai-2染色体的短臂。本研究不仅将黄矮病抗性基因定位于2Ai-2染色体的短臂上, 而且由RFLP探针psr126、psr131和psr112序列转化的标记STS₁₂₆ (sequence tagged site) STS₁₃₁和STS₁₁₂还可分别作为追踪2Ai-2染色体短臂和长臂的分子标记,用于抗病易位系辅助选择。  相似文献   

抗条锈病小麦中间偃麦草二体异附加系的选育和鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石丁溧  傅体华  任正隆 《西南农业学报》2008,21(5)

利用普通小麦-中间偃麦草杂交,然后回交自交,从其BC2F5中选育出一份小麦新种质AF-2。从形态上AF-2表现出硬颖、蜡质、秆细等稳定的与中间偃麦草类似的农艺特征;田间调查与接种都发现AF-2表现出对现今流行的条锈病和白粉病免疫。细胞学检测该品系根尖细胞染色体数目为44条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ均为二价体,染色体配型为2n=22Ⅱ,细胞学上已十分稳定;GISH结果显示该抗条锈病品系AF-2附加了两条来自中间偃麦草E染色体组的染色体,结合其表现出的农艺性状特征表明AF-2附加的可能是中间偃麦草2E染色体;遗传研究表明抗病基因可能位于附加的E染色体上,随后在供试的160对SSR中,其中引物Xgwm382能在中间偃麦草和AF-2中稳定地扩增出一条大约90 bp的特异条带,而小麦亲本中不能扩增出该条带,因此Xg-wm382可作为兼抗小麦条锈病和白粉病新种质AF-2所附加的染色体的特异分子标记。  相似文献   

大白菜与诸葛菜属间杂交及GISH鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔海云  李菲  张淑江  章时蕃  孙日飞 《园艺学报》2009,36(10):1473-1478

 以不同类型的大白菜与诸葛菜进行属间正反杂交, 运用蕾期重复授粉及胚挽救技术, 在大白菜为母本的组合中获得了31株幼苗, GISH鉴定表明有16株具有预期的染色体数, 2n = 22, 为真杂种; 在诸葛菜为母本的组合中没有得到杂种植株。田间调查显示, 杂种一代植株综合性状介于双亲之间, 同时花粉败育。  相似文献   

小麦 黑麦大粒1BL/1RS易位系的分子细胞学鉴定     

鲁敏  孙树贵  张军  李艳丽  王亮明  杜万里  武军  陈新宏  赵继新  杨群慧 《麦类作物学报》2013,33(5):855-861

为明确小麦 黑麦大粒衍生系14 1 2的遗传组成,综合采用细胞学、基因组原位杂交(GISH)、SCAR标记、SSR标记对该衍生系进行鉴定。黑麦基因组特异SCAR标记鉴定表明,14 1 2含有黑麦遗传物质;有丝分裂和减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体数目为2n= 42=21Ⅱ。以黑麦基因组为探针的GISH检测表明,14 1 2含有2个黑麦染色体臂。黑麦7条染色体上的特异标记鉴定表明,只有黑麦1RS上的特异SCAR标记在14 1 2中扩增出黑麦特异条带。小麦7个部分同源群染色体长短臂上的SSR引物鉴定表明,只有1BS上的4对引物在14 1 2中未扩增出1BS的条带,其余染色体上的引物均扩增出了相应条带。由此证实小麦1BS被黑麦1RS所替代,衍生系14 1 2为1BL/1RS易位系材料。  相似文献   

Utilization of flow cytometry for festulolium breeding (Lolium multiflorum (2x) × Festuca arundinacea (6x))     

Yukio Akiyama  Yasufumi Ueyama  Seiya Hamada  Akito Kubota  Daisuke Kato  Hitomi Yamada-Akiyama  Yoshinori Takahara  Masahiro Fujimori 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):234-243

Festulolium is a hybrid between Festuca and Lolium species that has valuable agronomic traits from both grass species. The purpose of our breeding program is to produce hexaploid festulolium that introduces tolerance to summer depression into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by crossing it with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). However, we found the DNA ploidy of hexaploids was not stable and was reduced in successive generations. We aimed to find out how to obtain stable high-ploidy festulolium. F1 hybrids of L. multiflorum and F. arundinacea were produced. The F3 generation was produced from putative hexaploid F2 individuals by open pollination. The F4 to F6 generations were obtained by polycrossing. The DNA ploidy levels of F2 to F6 individuals were estimated by flow cytometry. Cytological characteristics of the F5 and F6 individuals were investigated by FISH and GISH. The DNA ploidy level of hexaploid festulolium was reduced and stabilized at almost the same level as a tetraploid. Seed fertility was inversely correlated with an increase in ploidy level. GISH revealed no preferential Lolium transmission. FISH with a telomere probe revealed that counting the exact number of chromosomes in festulolium was difficult. DNA ploidy level was strongly correlated with the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

小麦–中间偃麦草渗入系抗白粉病基因PmCH7124的分子定位     

李建波  乔麟轶  李欣  张晓军  詹海仙  郭慧娟  任永康  畅志坚 《作物学报》2015,41(1):49-56

小麦新种质CH7124由八倍体小偃麦TAI8335与高感白粉病小麦品种晋麦33杂交后代衍生而来,在苗期对白粉病菌株E09、E20、E21、E23、E26、Bg1和Bg2表现免疫或高抗,抗病表现与TAI8335及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似。基因组原位杂交未检测到CH7124含有外源染色体信号。利用CH7124与感病亲本SY95-71和绵阳11的杂交群体接种鉴定和遗传分析证实,CH7124成株期对E09的抗性由1对显性核基因控制,暂命名为Pm CH7124。采用分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)对SY95-71/CH7124的F6群体进行SSR标记扫描,发现抗性基因Pm CH7124与5对SSR标记连锁,与两翼邻近标记Xgwm501和Xbarc101的遗传距离分别为1.7 c M和4.5 c M。利用中国春缺体–四体和双端体材料,将Pm CH7124及其连锁标记定位在小麦2B染色体长臂上。通过分析2BL上其他抗白粉病基因的抗谱、抗性来源、物理图谱位置以及连锁标记在Pm CH7124作图群体中的多态性,认为Pm CH7124不同于2BL上已知的抗白粉病基因Pm6、Pm33、Pm JM22、Ml Zec1、Ml AB10和Ml LX99。  相似文献   

Androgenesis as a means of dissecting complex genetic and physiological controls: selecting useful gene combinations for breeding freezing tolerant grasses     

M. W. Humphreys  D. Gasior  A. Lesniewska-Bocianowska  Z. Zwierzykowski  M. Rapacz 《Euphytica》2007,158(3):337-345

The advantages of androgenesis from Lolium × Festuca hybrids as a means towards enhanced gene expression and capture of rare genetic variation are reviewed. New evidence is presented for the technique’s use in combination with introgression-mapping for targeting Festuca-derived genes for enhanced freezing-tolerance. As a starting point, a dihaploid genotype derived by androgenesis from a Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis amphiploid (2n = 4x = 28) hybrid cultivar is used as female parent in a backcross breeding programme with L. multiflorum (2n = 2x = 14). A derivative of the backcross␣breeding programme was a genotype of L.␣multiflorum (2n = 2x = 14) incorporating a F.␣pratensis introgression on chromosome 4 that was more freezing-tolerant than Lolium. New evidence of the importance in Lolium and Festuca species of the adaptive capabilities of Photosystem II (PSII) in relation to subsequent freezing-tolerance, is presented. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms for expulsion of excess light energy during cold acclimation are found in F. pratensis but not in L. multiflorum. Screens of a backcross population derived from an initial dihaploid genotype (n + n = 14) produced by androgenesis from a L. multiflorum × F.␣pratensis amphiploid, indicate a direct relationship between cold acclimation induced increases in NPQ and freezing-tolerance. Preliminary evidence of a role for genes found on chromosome 4 of F. pratensis for increased NPQ expression, is presented.  相似文献   

普通小麦-华山新麦草衍生后代的细胞学特点及GISH分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

武军  赵继新  陈新宏  刘淑会  杨群慧  刘文献  魏芳琴  董剑  朱建楚 《麦类作物学报》2007,27(5):772-775

为了研究华山新麦草染色体在小麦-华山新麦草各衍生世代中的遗传规律并建立一套小麦-华山新麦草异源附加系,对小麦-华山新麦草BC1F2到BC1F5共315个植株进行细胞学检测和GISH分析,结果表明,染色体数目分布范围为40～54,2n≥43的植株有223株,占总观察株数的70.79%;早代植株携带华山新麦草染色体的概率较高,植株染色体数目多大于44,随着自交代数的增加,外源染色体丢失的概率也在增大.因而在选育小麦-华山新麦草异附加系时,在BC1F4和BC1F5世代选择效果较好;通过对染色体数目2n=44的42个植株进行GISH分析,筛选出39个二体附加植株.  相似文献