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11.
[目的]探讨酸碱胁迫对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼鳃组织结构及Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。[方法]将初始体质量(6.81±0.85)g奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼暴露于不同酸碱度(p H分别为4.5、6.0、7.5、9.0、10.5,依次设为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组、对照组及试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)的水体中,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。胁迫后0、12、24、48、72 h采集鱼鳃样本,采用HE染色石蜡组织切片及分光光度法比较酸碱胁迫对鱼鳃组织结构及其中Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。[结果]对照组鱼鳃的组织结构未发现有明显病变的症状,且鳃中的Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力维持在一定水平;各胁迫组鱼鳃组织结构均不同程度发生病变,出现鳃丝融合,动脉血管破损,鳃小片肿胀弯曲,顶端与末端粘充血和肿胀,黏液细胞增多,上皮细胞增生、脱落,泌氯细胞肿胀,细胞质空泡化等一系列病态症状,且其症状会随着酸碱程度的加深、暴露时间的延长而加重;酸碱胁迫后各胁迫组鱼鳃中Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力均出现先升高后降低的变化,其中酸胁迫的峰值出现在48 h,而碱胁迫出现在12 h。[结论]该研究结果可为奥尼罗非鱼的养殖生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
12.
硫酸铜对三角帆蚌肝脏和鳃的毒害 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
硫酸铜常用于淡水珍珠养殖中的蚌病防治［张元培１９９４］,铜是生物体的必需微量元素,但当其浓度超过机体调节范围时,在体内累积过多,将会引起机体的酶活性［Ｚｅｒｖａｓ等１９９０］、生化成分［Ｓａｔｈｙａｎａｔｈａｎ等１９８８］、免疫系统［Ｋｕｃｈａｒｚ和Ｓｉｅｒａｋｏｗｓｋｉ１９８８］等方面的一系列变化,对其生长、生存造成危害［Ｅｗｉｎｇ等１９８２］。一般认为肝脏是解毒的器官,而鳃与水体外环境和机体内环境接触密切,也常被作为水生生物铜毒害的重要研究对象,但多集中在海洋生物［Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ和Ｍａｃｋａｙ… 相似文献
13.
Studies at the Fairbanks Experimental Fish Hatchery (FEFH) were conducted to investigate the operational characteristics of media filtration groundwater treatment for iron and manganese reduction, water reuse and recirculation technologies for fish rearing, and conditions of fish gill tissue during rearing. Results were used to aid in the design and planned operation of the Ruth Burnett Sport Fish Hatchery (RBSFH), currently under construction in Fairbanks, Alaska. Under a two-stage filtration scenario, with hydraulic loading rates of 0.39 and 0.43 cm/s for Stages 1 and 2, respectively, manganese dioxide media filtration typically removed dissolved iron from 5 to 6.5 mg/L down to 0.1 mg/L or less, and allowed for suitable fish rearing and health (based on gill condition) in treated groundwater. Poor water quality from filter equipment malfunction or improper operation typically manifested tissue damage (epithelial lifting, hypertrophy, degeneration, and in some cases iron adhesion) observed in fish gills. Design refinements from initial use, including changes in hydraulic loading rates and transition from single-stage to two-stage filtration, were required for long-term use of media filtration and were included in the design of the future hatchery. Dissolved manganese removal from groundwater (from 0.7 to <0.05 mg/L) was also implemented by continuous low-level potassium permanganate addition. Small-scale flow-through, fully recirculating, and partial reuse rearing systems were used to mimic planned future fish production, and resulted in 97% or greater survival and adequate growth (average specific growth rate between 1 and 2%) and health of rainbow trout during most rearing trials. 相似文献
14.
Kenan Cinar Abdulkerim Aksoy Yilmaz Emre Resat N. Aşti 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(5):453-460
Branchial epithelium of Pseudophoxinus antalyae was lined by both a thick stratified epithelium lining gill arches, gill rakers and primary filaments and a thin epithelium
lining the lamellae. Mucous, chloride and rodlet cells, interspersed between pavement cells, were present in the branchial
epithelium. With histochemical procedures for the characterization of glycoconjugates, mucous cells showed a strong positive
reaction with Periodic acid-Shiff and Alcian Blue at pH 2.5, although with Alcian Blue at pH 0.5 and pH 1.0 the reaction was
much weaker. When the combined Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) – Periodic acid-Shiff reaction was performed, most mucous cells were stained
purple, whereas by the combined Aldehyde Fuchsin/Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), most cells showed a positive reaction only to Aldehyde
Fuchsin. Methylation/ Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) and Methylation/ Saponification/ Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) methods showed the presence
of sulphated and carboxylated glycoconjugates in mucous cells. Mucous cells were also detected to stain all metachromatically
with Toluidine Blue. 相似文献
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16.
A study was performed during Spring 2002 to determine the survival rates of Black Sea Turbot (Psetta maxima maeotica) broodstock captured by gill nets from different depths (20 m, 20–45 m, and 45 m) in Sinop Bay (Black Sea, Turkey) and their adaptation to culture conditions. The weight of captured females ranged between 1.6 and 5.5 kg, while males ranged between 1.1 and 3.7 kg. Within 23 h of capture the fish were transported to Çanakkale (Marmara Sea, Turkey). During transportation, the stocking density ranged from 19 to 40 kg/m3 and no mortality was recorded. At the end of the fishing operations, the survival rates were calculated for Group 1 (20 m), Group 2 (20–45 m), and Group 3 (45 m) as 24.9, 71.4, and 92%, respectively. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the survival rates of the groups. Eggs and sperms were obtained by hand-stripping. The mean fertilisation rate of the eggs was 3.19%. This low fertilisation rate was due to overripened eggs. At the end of adaptation period of 1 month, the survival rates of the broodstock were found to be 14.2, 45.4, and 48.3% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No significant difference was found between the survival rates of the broodfish during the adaptation period (p > 0.05). 相似文献
17.
Iwona Psuty-Lipska Niels Madsen Bohdan Draganik Wies&#x;aw Blady 《Fisheries Research》2006,80(2-3):339-344
This paper presents the scientific basis for changes in the minimum mesh size in gill nets, from 28 to 30 mm, introduced by fishery management in Poland to limit the catch of undersized perch (those less than 17 cm total length). Experimental fishing with six different mesh sizes was performed in accordance with commercial fisheries practice. A bi-normal selection curve was fitted to the data by including the between-set variation in the model. The locations of the primary and secondary modes of the bi-normal curve on the transformed length scale (length/mesh) were estimated to be 6.95 and 7.41, respectively. The results indicated that a minimum mesh size in gill nets of 28 mm should be sufficient to ensure a low level of discards as well as protecting the interests of fishermen. 相似文献
18.
Saltuk Bu?rahan Ceyhun Murat ?entürk Orhan Erdo?an Ömer ?rfan Küfrevio?lu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,97(3):177-181
Here we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the pesticides, deltamethrin, diazinon, propoxur and cypermethrin, on the activity of rainbow trout (rt) gill carbonic anhydrase (CA). The enzyme was purified from rainbow trout gills using Sepharose 4B-aniline-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography method. The overall purification was approx. 214-fold. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of approx. 29 kDa. The four pesticides dose-dependently inhibited in vitro CA activity. IC50 values for deltamethrin, diazinon, propoxur and cypermethrin were 0.137, 0.267, 0.420 and 0.460 μM, respectively. In vitro results showed that pesticides inhibit rtCA activity with rank order of deltamethrin > diazinon > propoxur > cypermethrin. Besides, in vivo studies of deltamethrin were performed on CA activity of rainbow trout gill. rtCA was significantly inhibited at three concentrations (0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 μg/L) at 24 and 48 h. 相似文献
19.
重金属铬对金鱼的毒性效应及鳃的组织学影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨重金属铬 (chromium, Cr) 对鱼类的毒性效应,为环境质量评价及环境监测提供可靠的科学依据。以金鱼 (Carassius auratus) 为受试动物,采用单因子急性毒性实验法及显微观察法,检测了Cr 对金鱼急性毒性作用以及鳃的组织学变化,并统计半数致死浓度 (Median lethal concentration, LC50 )和安全浓度 (SC)。结果表明：Cr 的24h, 48h, 72h, 96h的半致死浓度 (LC50) 分别为387.1 mg/L、370.9 mg/L、281.9 mg/L、200.2 mg/L,安全浓度 (Safe concentration, SC) 为102.176 mg/L。组织切片结果显示：Cr 使鳃小叶细胞脱落,鳃小叶变细。Cr 为中等偏高毒性的重金属污染物,对金鱼的毒性作用是随着体内积累的浓度增加而增强,并可造成鳃组织的严重受损。 相似文献
20.
Xugang He Ping Zhuang Longzhen Zhang Congxin Xie 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(2):223-230
The osmoregulation capabilities of 7-month-old juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray) (128.8 ± 15 g) transferred directly from fresh water (0‰, 46 mOsmol kg−1) to brackish water (10‰, 273 mOsmol kg−1) were studied over a 20-day period. Changes in serum osmolarity, chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion concentrations, as well as gill and spiral valve Na+,K+-ATPase activities were measured at 3, 12, 24, 72, 216 and 480 h after transfer to BW. The serum osmolarity and ion concentrations
(Na+, Cl− and Ca2+) increased immediately after the transference to BW, reaching maximum at 24 h and returned to a new steady state at 216 h,
while the FW control group maintained basal levels which showed lower (P < 0.05) than the BW group. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of BW group exhibited an abrupt decrease in the first 3 h after transfer, but began to increase at 3 h, reaching
a peak value at 24 h, and returned to a new steady state at 216 h. The differences between gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity of BW and FW fish were significant (P < 0.05) after 12 h. In contrast, Na+,K+-ATPase activity of the spiral valve showed transient increase after transference from FW to BW, and then decreased rapidly
at 3 h, reaching the lowest at 24 h after transference. At 216 h after exposure to BW, Na+,K+-ATPase activities of the spiral valve increased slowly to the levels of FW control. The results of our study indicate the
existence of hyposmoregulatory adaptive mechanisms in 7-month-old juvenile Chinese sturgeon which enable this fish to acclimate
itself successfully to brackish water. 相似文献