Studies on the synthesis and properties of terpene-phenol-aldehyde resin with a high softening point     

Shi-Fa Wang  Takeshi Furuno  Zhi Cheng 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(2):143-148

Synthesis conditions of terpene-phenol-aldehyde resin with a high softening point were studied based on the reactions among-pinene, phenol, and formaldehyde. A suitable catalyst system and the best processing conditions were obtained by laboratory experiments. The influence of the raw materials ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the softening point, yield, and color of the synthesized resin was examined. The physical and chemical characteristics of the resin were determined: softening point 140°C (ball and ring method); color value 7 (Gardner); acid value (KOH mg/g) <1; bromine value (Br₂ mg/100g) <64; saponification value (KOH mg/g) <1; average molecular weight 830. The yield of resin was more than 85% (based on the total raw material).  相似文献   

Henneguya corruscans n. sp. (Myxozoa,Myxosporea, Myxobolidae), a parasite of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Osteichthyes,Pimelodidae) from the Paraná River,Brazil: A morphological and morphometric study     

J.C. Eiras  R.M. Takemoto  G.C. Pavanelli 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

This paper describes the parasite Henneguya corruscans n. sp. which infects the gills of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans Spix and Agassiz, 1829 found in the Paraná River, Brazil. The parasites belong to the interlamellar-epithelial type as defined by Molnár (2002) [Molnár, K., 2002. Site preference of fish myxosporeans in the gills. Dis. Aquat. Org. 48, 197–207]. The spores examined had thin, smooth walls with symmetric valves; the total length of the spores was 27.6 (25–29) μm. The spore body was ellipsoidal in frontal view and biconvex in lateral view and they measured 14.3 (13–15) μm long by 5 μm wide and 4 μm in thickness. The polar capsules were small and elongated, equally sized, with a rounded posterior extremity and tapering anteriorly, and they corresponded more or less the half the length of the spore body; they were 6.8 (6–7) μm long by 2 μm wide, and the polar filament formed 5–6 coils obliquely to the axis of the polar capsule. The tail was 13.7 (12–15) μm long and bifurcated shortly after the end of the spore body. The importance of the infection for the farming of P. corruscans is discussed.  相似文献   

基于YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN的奶牛身体分割方法     

张姝瑾  许兴时  邓洪兴  温毓晨  宋怀波 《农业机械学报》2024,55(3):282-289，391

奶牛身体部位的精准分割广泛应用于奶牛体况评分、姿态检测、行为分析及体尺测量等领域。受奶牛表面污渍和遮挡等因素的影响,现有奶牛部位精准分割方法实用性较差。本研究在YOLO v8n-seg模型的基础上,加入多尺度融合模块与双向跨尺度加权特征金字塔结构,提出了YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN奶牛身体部位分割模型。其中,多尺度融合模块使模型更好地提取小目标几何特征信息,双向跨尺度加权特征金字塔结构实现了更高层次的特征融合。首先在奶牛运动通道处采集奶牛侧面图像作为数据集,为保证数据集质量,采用结构相似性算法剔除相似图像,共得到1452幅图像。然后对目标奶牛的前肢、后肢、乳房、尾部、腹部、头部、颈部和躯干8个部位进行标注并输入模型训练。测试结果表明,模型精确率为96.6%,召回率为94.6%,平均精度均值为97.1%,参数量为3.3×106,检测速度为6.2f/s。各部位精确率在90.3%~98.2%之间,平均精度均值为96.3%。与原始YOLO v8n-seg相比,YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN的精确率提高3.2个百分点,召回率提高2.6个百分点,平均精度均值提高3.1个百分点,改进后的模型在参数量基本保持不变的情况下具有更强的鲁棒性。遮挡情况下该模型检测结果表明,精确率为93.8%,召回率为91.67%,平均精度均值为93.15%。结果表明,YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN网络可以准确、快速地实现奶牛身体部位精准分割。  相似文献   

秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣的减数分裂行为及2n花粉的形成     

吕晔  胡兰  王利虎  刘平  刘孟军 《园艺学报》2017,44(1):11-22

运用压片法对秋水仙素滴注处理后的‘无核丰’枣小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为及其与花蕾外部形态变化的相关性进行了研究,并测定了2n花粉的比例。结果表明:秋水仙素处理后枣小孢子母细胞第一次减数分裂正常;在减数分裂前期Ⅱ观察到胞质分裂异常现象;中期Ⅱ纺锤体主要有4种类型:平行型、垂直型、八字型和融合型,分别占27.31%、19.35%、45.27%和8.06%;四分体时期观察到二分体、三分体、四分体,分别占6.00%、43.04%、50.96%;定位异常纺锤体八字型与融合型分别与三分体、二分体呈正相关;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉的形成受胞质分裂异常、纺锤体定位异常两种机制控制,因纺锤体定位异常而产生的2n花粉占2n花粉总数的96.97%,遗传上等同于FDR(第1次分裂重组)型配子,因胞质分裂异常产生的2n花粉在遗传上等同于SDR(第2次分裂重组)型配子;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉绝大多数为FDR型,因而在枣有性多倍化中具有重要的利用价值。小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花蕾外部形态变化具有对应关系,花蕾直径达到1.34 mm时,小孢子母细胞开始进入减数分裂;达到1.68 mm时,小孢子母细胞进入四分体时期;超过1.92 mm时,减数分裂结束,且有大量花粉粒形成。2n花粉诱导最佳的秋水仙素滴注时期为细线期末期,即花蕾直径在1.34~1.42 mm时,诱导后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉发生比例为17.36%。  相似文献   

Aurantiochytrium sp. meal can replace fish oil in practical diets for the juvenile Pacific white shrimp     

Ariane Martins Guimares  Delano Dias Schleder  Mariana Nagata  Renata Oselame Nbrega  Dbora Machado Fracalossi  Walter Quadros Seiffert  Felipe do Nascimento Vieira 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):798-807

This study evaluated the use of microalgae (Aurantiochytrium sp.) meal as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a clear‐water system. Dietary treatments at five replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were performed in triplicate. After 46 days, only a slight difference in shrimp final weight was observed among treatments (0.61 g). An increase in final weight was observed with replacement of up to 50% fish oil for microalgae meal, while the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 44.7%. Feed conversion rate (FCR) of animals fed a diet of Aurantiochytrium sp.meal to replace up to 50% fish oil decreased, and the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 49.3%. The fatty acids profile in shrimp muscle tissue demonstrated an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 10.03% to 14.28% with increased replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal in the diet. Therefore, the partial replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal resulted in improved shrimp growth and FCR, and total replacement of dietary fish oil had no negative effects on these parameters. In addition, inclusion of microalgae meal raises the level of DHA in shrimp muscle.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary n‐3HUFA on juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei: Growth,feed utilization,antioxidant enzymes activities and fatty acid compositions     

Qihui Yang  Wei Zhang  Beiping Tan  Fengmei Wang  Shuyan Chi  Xiaohui Dong  Haitao Zhang  Hongyu Liu  Shuang Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):882-894

Present study investigates the effects of n‐3 high‐unsaturated fatty acid (n‐3HUFA) levels on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes activities and fatty acid compositions of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. These represented seven iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets. Analysed n‐3HUFA concentrations were 0.16% (control), 0.48%, 0.74%, 1.39%, 2.39%, 2.92% and 3.44% respectively. A total of 840 juvenile L. vannamei were randomly stocked into 21 0.5 m³ tanks for 56 days. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed from 0.16% to 0.74% n‐3HUFA and a decrease when n‐3HUFA was above these levels in weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein in serum showed a significant decrease, high‐density lipoprotein showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Phenoloxidase activity in serum and sodium‐potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity in gill were significantly affected by dietary n‐3HUFA (p < 0.05), both of them showing a downward trend after upward. Malic dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activities in serum were also significantly affected by dietary n‐3HUFA (p < 0.05), which rose first and then decreased in general, both of them have a maximum in 2.39% group. No significant differences of the activities of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were observed among all groups (p > 0.05). With dietary n‐3HUFA increase, both ∑HUFA and n‐3HUFA contents gradually increased in hepatopancreas and tail muscles (p < 0.05). Based on broken‐line regression analysis of WGR, the optimal n‐3HUFA requirement is 0.89% for juvenile L. vannamei with initial weight of 0.50 ± 0.01 g.  相似文献   

毛刺线虫（Nematoda：Trichodoridae）的调查鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘瑞军  程瑚瑞 《南京农业大学学报》1990,13(2):50-54

在江苏、安徽和湖南的(22份)毛刺线虫(T_(1-22))土样中,T_(14)样本的雌虫以及T_6、T_7中的少数雌虫鉴定为 Paratrichodorus porosus。T_(21)的毛刺线虫采自江苏南京桃根周围,定为 Trichodorus nanjingensis n.sp.。T.nanjingensis n.sp.与 T.complexus、T.borneoensis 最相似,它们都有2枚前于排泄孔的腹颈乳突、3枚生殖乳突和细纹化的交合刺,但新种的交合刺形态和仅1枚生殖乳突在交合刺区分别与后二者不同。新种阴道骨化结构的形态和没有明显分化的受精囊,也都有别于 T.complexus 和 T.borneoensis。  相似文献   

福建省1956—2013年降雨侵蚀力与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）的关系     

陈世发  查轩 《水土保持学报》2017,31(4):38-43

选取1956-2013年福建省57个主要气象站点日降雨量数据,采用日降雨侵蚀力模型计算降雨侵蚀力,分析厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)对福建省降雨侵蚀力的影响.结果表明,虽ENSO对福建省不同区域的气象站点的影响存在差异,但总规律为:(1)福建省降雨侵蚀力年际变化和年内变化较大,总体呈现略微波动上升的趋势;(2)福建省降雨侵蚀力与赤道太平洋中东部海洋表面温度(SST)距平值呈现极显著相关.厄尔尼诺(El Ni(n)o)时期降雨侵蚀力较拉尼娜(La Nina)时期大,但均低于福建省平均降雨侵蚀力;(3)降雨侵蚀力与南方涛动指数(SOI)和多变量ENSO指数(MEI)存在极显著相关.通过分析ENSO对福建省降雨侵蚀力影响,为福建省土壤侵蚀的预测和土壤保持提供参考和依据.  相似文献   

Oil and protein quality of groundnut mutants     

N. D. Sharma  S. L. Mehta  S. H. Patil  B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1981,31(1):85-90

Variability in oil quality was observed in four groundnut mutants (TG-1, TG-3, TG-14, TG-16) induced by -irradiation. The fatty acid composition of the mutants differed from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic acid than the parent Spanish Improved. TG-3 and TG-14 had substantially higher linoleic acid and lower oleic acid as compared with TG-1 and TG-16. Other fatty acids also showed minor variation amongst mutants and Spanish Improved. The ratio of oleic to linoleic acid, which is an index of oil stability, was 2.7 and 3.3 fold respectively in TG-16 and TG-1 as compared with Spanish Improved.Protein percent in TG-1, TG-14 and TG-16 was higher than in Spanish Improved. Amino acid analysis of protein from mutants indicated decreases in methionine and cystine and an increase in tryptophan as compared with Spanish Improved. Other amino acids did not show any major variation between the mutants and Spanish Improved. In all varieties except TG-16, lysine was the first limiting amino acid; threonine was second limiting in all mutants. The essential amino acid content per kernel was higher in mutants than in Spanish Improved.  相似文献   

Finishing plant diet supplemented with microalgae meal increases the docosahexaenoic acid content in Colossoma macropomum flesh     

Carlos Andre Amaringo Cortegano  Aline Marculino de Alcntara  Allana Feitoza da Silva  Cludia Maiza Fernandes Epifnio  Sunique Po Cordeiro Bentes  Vanessa Jorge dos Santos  Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer  Ligia Uribe Gonalves 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1291-1299

The need for a sustainable aquaculture is increasing the use of plant ingredients in replacement to fishmeal and fish oil in diets for tambaqui Colossoma macropomum, which is leading to not detectable levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in its flesh. We evaluated the effect of a finishing plant diet supplemented with 5% of microalgae meal from Schizochytrium sp. (MD) on tambaqui growth, on proximal composition and fatty acid content of its flesh, comparing it to a non‐supplemented diet. One hundred and sixty‐two fish (489.67 g) were distributed into six tanks (2,000 L) and fed the experimental diets for a 90‐day period. Three fish per tank were euthanized for analyses every 15 days. The MD did not affect the growth and proximal composition of fish flesh. The MD increased the DHA content (from 14.81 to 38.60 mg/g of lipids) and the n‐3:n‐6 ratio (from 0.16 to 0.51) in the flesh of fish, beginning on the 15th day and reaching the highest DHA content on the 71st day (39.81 mg/g of lipids). We recommend C. macropomum to be fed with a finishing diet supplemented with microalgae meal for 71 days before slaughter to improve the DHA content and n‐3:n‐6 ratio in the flesh.  相似文献