谷子四体的细胞学和形态学研究     

高俊华  毛丽萍  王润奇 《作物学报》2000,26(6):801-805

报道了在谷子初级三体的群体中发现了四体Ⅳ、 四体Ⅷ、 和四体Ⅸ。 运用细胞学方 法 对三种四体进行了染色体核型分析, 其染色体数均为2n+2=20。 四体的两个额外染色体与 其同源的两个染色体形成四价体的稳定结构。 减数分裂时染色体的联会有四种形式, 其中 以8Ⅱ+2Ⅱ形式最多, 在后期容易形成2/2均衡分离。 四体Ⅷ、 四  相似文献   

小扁豆核型的比较分析     

杨秀英  杨国华  苏震云  彭永康 《华北农学报》2000,15(2):40-43

采用去壁低渗火焰干燥法制备小扁豆染色体标本观察其核型,结果表明,绿小扁豆和红不扁豆的核型公式均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１６ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ＳＡＴ）,两种小扁豆的核型类型都是３Ｂ,染色体相对长度系数组成均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝４Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋６Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,二者主要在第７号染色体臂比和２号染色体大小方面有明显差异。  相似文献   

亚唐松草的核型分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘聪莉 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》1998,10(2):18-20

本语文报道了东亚唐松草的核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４２＝２８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋２ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）为“２Ｂ”类型,染色体的相对长度组成为２ｎ＝４２＝４０ｍ＝２Ｍ２,本文还计算了东亚唐松草的染色体体积,为首次报道。  相似文献   

四川8个枇杷品种染色体变异研究   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

梁国鲁  任振川  阎勇  黄宏  吴纯清 《园艺学报》1999,26(2):71-76

对四川８个枇翁品种,早红１号,早红３号,金丰,龙泉８０－１,龙泉１号,大五星,黄肉及早白沙的核型进行了分析。其染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３４。核型可分为两大类;第１类为前７个品种,核型由中部着丝粒染色体和的中部着丝粒染色体组成,最长染色体与最短梁色体比值均小于２,属２Ａ核型,其核型公式可表示为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３４＝（１４－２０）ｍ＋（１４－２０）ｓｍ,表明具有极其近缘的关系。  相似文献   

Improvement of staining method for observation of mitotic chromosomes in octoploid strawberry plants     

Preeda Nathewet  Tomohiro Yanagi  Yoshikane Iwastubo  Kazuyoshi Sone  Takejiro Takamura  Nobuyuki Okuda 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

An important strategy to conduct intentional breeding of octoploid strawberry plants is to recognize the functions of every chromosome. To do so, a methodology must be developed to distinguish chromosomes one by one. We reported the possibility of distinguishing chromosomes using light microscopy when somatic cells of octoploid strawberry plants were stained using ordinary methods with lacto-propionic orcein (LPO). However, karyotype analysis of octoploid strawberry plants required clearer chromosome images. This study obtained clearer chromosome images of octoploid Fragaria × ananassa and F. chiloensis plants. Three staining methods were examined: 60% acetic acid (AA) alone, 1.5% LPO alone, and two-step treatments with 60% AA and 1.5% LPO. Collected root tips of the plants were placed in 2 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline solution for 1 h and were subsequently stored at 4 °C for 15 h. The samples were then fixed in a 3:1 absolute alcohol: glacial acetic acid solution for 40 min, followed by mixture with 1N HCl solutions at room temperature for 2 h and then at 60 °C for 10 min. For separate staining using 60% AA and 1.5% LPO, the root tip was expelled on the glass slide with a drop of each solution for a few minutes to stain the chromosomes. For the two-step staining method, the samples stained with 60% AA were frozen at −80 °C for at least 5 min. The cover slip was removed using a razor blade. Subsequently, the specimens were air-dried and stained with the 1.5% LPO for 3 min. Digital images of chromosomes were obtained using light microscopy. Samples of the two-step staining method produced the clearest chromosome images in both F. × ananassa and F. chiloensis. Furthermore, the greatest color difference between the chromosomes and the cytoplasm was obtained from images of the two-step staining method among the three staining methods. These results demonstrate that the two-step staining method is useful for chromosome counting and karyotype analysis in strawberry plants.  相似文献   

基于核型分析对芥蓝分类地位的探究     

夏雪  田玉肖  王祉琪  刘昱希  张芬  孙勃 《分子植物育种》2019,17(7):2291-2296

以芥蓝与甘蓝、白菜、芥菜等8个芸薹属近缘物种为材料,采用常规压片法进行染色体核型分析,结果表明,芥蓝和青花菜、花椰菜、结球甘蓝的核型公式分别为2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=8m+10sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=6m+12sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2A型;大白菜和小白菜核型公式为2n=2x=20=14m (2SAT)+6sm、2n=2x=20=16m (2SAT)+4sm,核型类型均为1B型;雪里蕻、榨菜核型公式为2n=2x=36=22m+14sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=36=26m+10sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2B型;芥蓝的核型在核型类型、核型不对称系数、臂比、随体分布染色体类型等核型特征上与甘蓝类高度类似,与白菜类和芥菜类差异较大。芥蓝的核型进化程度位于青花菜与花椰菜、结球甘蓝之间,与白菜类和芥菜类相距较远。因此,本试验结果支持芥蓝为甘蓝种的一个变种。  相似文献   

金黄色乌鳢染色体核型分析     

毛雷刚  张志山  朱树人  朱永安  张龙岗  安丽 《水产养殖》2022,(1):33-36

为了解金黄色乌鳢的细胞遗传学特性,便于今后对其种质进行评估与鉴定,以金黄色乌鳢为材料,通过活体腹腔注射植物血球凝集素及秋水仙素,用常规冷滴片法制备染色体标本,分析研究其染色体核型.结果显示,金黄色乌鳢染色体数为48,核型公式为2 n=4 sm+22 st+22 t,臂数NF=52.本试验中未发现随体、次缢痕及异形性染色...  相似文献   

基于荧光原位杂交的‘燕山红栗’核型分析     

李靖同  刘宁伟  孙芝林  孙岩  房克凤  张卿  邢宇  赵永廉  曹庆芹  秦岭 《分子植物育种》2021,(1)

板栗染色体核型分析是开展育种工作的基础。为明确板栗染色体形态结构特征,本研究以‘燕山红栗’为试验材料,采用体细胞染色体常规制片法及荧光原位杂交法,对其染色体进行核型检测及分析。结果表明:板栗染色体数为2n=24,核型公式为2n=2x=24=2M(sat)+18m+4sm,染色体组总长度为13.04滋m,其中长臂总长为7.31滋m,核型不对称系数为52.06%,核型相对对称。精准的染色体核型分析为板栗种质资源利用和新品种选育提供了细胞学基础。  相似文献   

Karyotypic studies in wild germplasm of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis</Emphasis> (Leguminosae)     

Graciela I. Lavia  Alejandra M. Ortiz  Aveliano Fernández 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(6):755-764

The karyomorphology for eight diploid species of Arachis belonging to three sections has been described for the first time, Sect. Extranervosae: A. macedoi (2n = 20m) and A. retusa (2n = 14m + 6sm); Sect. Heteranthae: A. sylvestris (2n = 16m + 4sm); Sect. Procumbentes: A. chiquitana (2n = 18m + 2sm); Sect. Arachis: A. cruziana (2n = 18m + 2sm), A. herzogii (2n = 18m + 2sm), A. simpsonii (2n = 20m) and A. williamsii (2n = 20m). A pair of satellited chromosomes was observed in all species. A chromosomes were found in A. chiquitana, A. herzogii and A. simpsonii. Karyotypic differences between sections were observed, but not enough to establish a characteristic karyotype pattern for each section. However, the species may be differentiated by the presence of A chromosomes, the type and position of satellites, and the karyotype formulae. These results are discussed with regard to karyotype evolution in Arachis to contribute to understanding the role of chromosome changes in the evolution of the genus.  相似文献   

水鳖科3种海草的染色体及其核型的研究     

杨文杰  都晶洁  黄勃  王仁恩  张钰 《安徽农业科学》2012,(19):10163-10165

[目的]对采自海南黎安港的3种水鳖科海草———海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)、泰来藻(Thalassia hemprichii)和小喜盐草(Halophilaminor)的染色体及其核型进行研究。[方法]采用海菖蒲和泰来藻的根尖及小喜盐草的腋芽为材料,采用常规压片法制备染色体玻片标本,并对其进行核型分析。[结果]海菖蒲和泰来藻的染色体数目为2n=18,小喜盐草的染色体数目为2n=28,两者均未发现B染色体和随体;海菖蒲、泰来藻和小喜盐草的核型公式分别为K(2n)=18=12m+6sm,K(2n)=18=12m+6sm,K(2n)=28=16m+8sm+4st;按Stebbins的核型分类标准,海菖蒲和泰来藻的染色体属2A类型,小喜盐草为2B型。[结论]通过对3种海草核型进行比较发现,海菖蒲与泰来藻的核型差距很小,而它们与小喜盐草的核型差距较大,说明海菖蒲与泰来藻的亲缘关系更近。  相似文献