千岛湖底泥重金属污染的生态风险评价   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

文军  骆东奇  罗献宝  方志发 《水土保持研究》2006,13(1):11-14

水体底泥污染是世界范围内的一个环境问题,污染物通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶与冲刷等途径进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到污染。千岛湖不同监测点底泥Cu、Zn、M n、Pb、Cd、A s、Hg等重金属含量存在差异。大坝前、毛竹源和三潭岛监测点M n、A s和Hg含量较高。不同采样点,底泥重金属污染度有差异,表现为毛竹源>三潭岛>航头岛>茅头尖>大坝前>排岭水厂>街口,毛竹源测点底泥重金属污染风险最高,街口重金属污染风险最低。  相似文献   

基于水量调控防治艾比湖流域沙尘天气灾害的设想     

刘晓  陈正江高凡 《水土保持研究》2005,12(6):92-94

针对艾比湖流域生态环境灾害，分析其成灾原因及发生规律。从改变水量分配时间格局的角度，分析入湖水量季节调控的可行性并提出实施方案。具体为通过人工引、蓄水设施将秋、冬季入湖地表径流蓄积起来，在春季大风、沙尘多发季节注入湖中，减少此时沙尘天气的发生。确定春季所需补充的水量，先以湖区地形图为基础建立湖区数字高程矩阵，然后回归计算湖面面积与湖水体积对应函数，此时根据实测的当年春季湖面面积即可算出达到预定湖面面积所需水量。按照此方案修建人工引、蓄水设施并实施调控后，既可以治理流域沙尘天气，又可最大限度节省水资源。  相似文献   

环太湖耕地利用变化与驱动机制研究——以苏州市吴中区为例   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

仇恒佳  卞新民  张卫建  胡大伟 《土壤》2006,38(4):390-395

以环太湖苏州市吴中区为样区,利用统计资料、遥感数据和典型调查数据,结合RS和GIS技术,分析18年来耕地利用变化特点与驱动机制。结果表明:研究区耕地年递减率为1.6%,表现出以水域和各类非农建设用地大量占用耕地为突出特点的区域土地动态变化特征;耕地数量变化与区位和地形有关;种植业对耕地利用强度出现波动下降趋势,作物生产由粮食作物生产为主转化为粮食与经济作物生产并重;其变化机制主要是经济发展、人口增长、农业结构调整和政策因素驱动。最后,并在此基础上提出相关建议。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖生态经济区农田植被碳储量与碳密度分析     

李甜甜 《湖南农机》2016,(3)

采用参数估算法对2001~2013年鄱阳湖生态经济区农田生态系统的植被碳储量与碳密度进行测算。结果显示：该区农田植被碳储量与碳密度均呈现上升趋势;农田碳储量与碳密度的变化受农作物种植结构、产量及总播种面积的影响。由此可见,植被碳储量的变化对生态系统的固碳能力具有重要的影响,农田植被碳储量与碳密度在一定程度上的提高,具有碳汇作用。研究农田生态系统碳储量、碳密度对控制温室效应具有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   

洞庭湖泥沙沉积与土壤侵蚀   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

邹文发 《中国水土保持》1992,(6):18-21

洞庭湖是一个吞吐型的过水湖泊,其泥沙沉积量大,1951～1983年累计沉积泥沙约48.07亿t,年平均沉积1.5亿t。泥沙沉积于汛期,多为长江冲积物。严重的泥沙淤积,反映出长江中上游地区土壤侵蚀十分强烈。泥沙沉积灾害发生在湖区,突出表现为洪涝、土壤潜育化和血吸虫感染。侵蚀灾害发生在山丘区,它导致土壤退化和滑坡、泥石流灾害加剧。加强长江上游水土流失重点防治和中上游防护林工程体系建设,提高人均产值,消除或减轻人口增长对生态环境造成的压力,可从根本上控制土壤侵蚀和泥沙沉积灾害。  相似文献   

Response of alluvial fan systems to the late Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition: contrasts between the margins of pluvial Lakes Lahontan and Mojave, Nevada and California, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Adrian M. Harvey  Peter E. Wigand  Stephen G. Wells 《CATENA》1999,36(4):53

Dated shorelines of late Pleistocene pluvial Lakes Lahontan (Great Basin Desert, northwest Nevada) and Mojave (Mojave Desert, eastern California) provide timelines for the assessment of alluvial fan sedimentation at the lake margins during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene. Two sets of alluvial fan systems have been mapped: the Stillwater fans, feeding Lake Lahontan; and the Zzyzx fans, feeding Lake Mojave. Their contrasting morphologies suggest different responses of the two fan systems to late Pleistocene to early Holocene climatic change. At the time the Stillwater fan systems underwent minimal sedimentation, with the catchment hillslopes apparently stable. The Zzyzx fans experienced major changes in water and sediment supply from the catchment hillslopes. There was a major phase of hillslope debris-flow activity, followed by fanhead trenching and distal fan progradation. Both areas were wetter and colder in the late Pleistocene than they are today, but during the transition to the Holocene the Zzyzx area was more likely to experience intense rains associated with the monsoonal penetration of warm moist tropical air into the Southwest. Vegetation reconstructions for the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene suggest that catchment hillslopes in the Mojave supported a desert shrub vegetation, but those in the Stillwaters supported juniper woodland and grasses at low elevations and pine at higher elevations. Contrasts in hillslope vegetation cover together with storm activity may account for the different responses of the alluvial fans to climatic change during the Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition. After the falls in lake levels of Lakes Lahontan and Mojave in the early Holocene, both areas underwent aridification, resulting in reductions in hillslope vegetation cover. Increased storm runoff led to fanhead trenching and distal progradation of the alluvial fans. Variations in fan style at that time may relate primarily to base-level conditions resulting from different gradients on the exposed lake shores.  相似文献   

基于地统计学和GIS的太湖典型地区土壤属性制图研究——以土壤全氮制图为例   总被引：47，自引：4，他引：47       下载免费PDF全文

刘付程  史学正  于东升  潘贤章 《土壤学报》2004,41(1):20-27

在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下，运用地统计学方法对太湖典型地区耕层土壤全氮含量的空间变异特征进行分析，探讨了适用于研究区域土壤全氮制图的最佳邻域，并在此基础上利用块段克立格(Block Kriging)法绘制了土壤全氮含量空间分布图。结果表明，土壤全氮的空间变异性在40km步长变化域上表现为明显的各向同性，超出这个范围，土壤全氮空间变异的各向异性明显增强，以40km步长变化域上土壤全氮的空间结构特征作为Kriging插值依据有助于提高制图精度。制图结果表明，研究区域土壤全氮含量在江阴和宜兴两市境内普遍较高，锡山和武进两市相对较低；且高值斑块区主要分布在地势低洼的圩田区，这是人为施肥和土壤特性共同影响的结果。Kriging估值标准差分布图可为评价和提高制图精度提供十分有用信息。  相似文献   

磷在富营养化湖泊沉积物-水界面的循环   总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22  

高丽  周健民 《土壤通报》2004,35(4):512-515

沉积物中部分固定的磷可通过分解或溶解作用而释放磷酸盐到沉积物间隙水中;再生的磷可能释放到上覆水体中,或在沉积物中作为一种自生相而再沉淀,或被沉积物的其它组分所吸附。本文描述了磷在沉积物-水界面的迁移过程,并对影响磷循环的因子及其磷自沉积物释放的机制作一简要概述。  相似文献   

Historical Trace Metal Accumulation in the Sediments of an Urbanized Region of the Lake Champlain Watershed, Burlington, Vermont   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ellen L. Mecray  John W. King  Peter G. Appleby  Allen S. Hunt 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,125(1):201-230

This study documents the history ofpollution inputs in the Burlington region of LakeChamplain, Vermont using measurements of anthropogenicmetals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ag) in four age-datedsediment cores. Sediments record a history ofcontamination in a region and can be used to assessthe changing threat to biota over time and to evaluatethe effectiveness of discharge regulations onanthropogenic inputs.Grain size, magnetic susceptibility, radiometricdating and pollen stratigraphy were combined withtrace metal data to provide an assessment of thehistory of contamination over the last 350 yr inthe Burlington region of Lake Champlain. Magneticsusceptibility was initially used to identify land-usehistory for each site because it is a proxy indicatorof soil erosion. Historical trends in metal inputs inthe Burlington region from the seventeenth through thetwentieth centuries are reflected in downcorevariations in metal concentrations and accumulationrates. Metal concentrations increase above backgroundvalues in the early to mid nineteenth century. Themetal input rate to the sediments increases around1920 and maximum concentrations and accumulation ratesare observed in the late 1960s. Decreases inconcentration and accumulation rate between 1970 andthe present are observed for most metals. Theobserved trends are primarily a function of variationsin anthropogenic inputs and not variations in sedimentgrain size. Grain size data were used to removetexture variations from the metal profiles and resultsshow trends in the anthropogenic metal signals remain. Radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy providewell-constrained dates for the sediments therebyallowing the metal profiles to be interpreted in termsof land-use history.  相似文献   

太湖地区典型水稻土中速效磷变化规律研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

方堃  陈效民  沃飞  吴华山  王荐婷 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

为了定量研究太湖地区农田土壤中速效磷的变化情况,本文对不同季节太湖地区三种典型水稻土(白土、黄泥土和乌栅土)中土壤速效磷的含量进行了分析。结果表明:速效磷含量在土壤剖面中由上层到下层呈现逐渐递减的趋势。三种土壤均以耕层含量为最高,在45cm以下基本上趋于稳定,但在接近地下水时又略有上升。季节性变化方面,速效磷含量一般在2月份的小麦分蘖-拔节期和9月份的水稻齐穗期较高。影响土壤速效磷含量的因素很多,经分析:土壤速效磷的含量与土壤的有机质含量呈极显著的线性正相关关系;旱作条件下与全磷含量之间呈显著的幂函数相关关系,在水作条件下与全磷含量之间呈极显著的线性正相关关系;与土壤的pH又有显著的线性负相关关系。  相似文献