密度和附着基对幼参生长的影响     

张曹进  姚国兴  吴国均  陈爱华  吴杨平  任忠宏  张雨 《水产养殖》2014,(4):29-32

为了实现刺参的规模化生产,调查环境因子对幼参生长及存活的影响,筛选最佳培育条件。通过比较20、30、40和50头/m2培养密度,以及聚氯乙烯网片、旧PVC塑料管、石块和脊瓦4种不同的附着基对幼参生长的影响。结果表明:4种不同的培养密度中,20头/m2适宜幼参生长,存活率和相对生长率均最高为100.0%、163.39%。4种不同的附着基中以石块为附着基较适应幼参生长,相对生长率和存活率也均最高为89.84%、100.0%。因此,在本地进行刺参养殖以20头/m2投播密度及以石块为附着基相结合将取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

黄海北部日本鲭繁殖生物学特征的年代际变化     

李建生  严利平  胡芬 《中国水产科学》2014,21(3):567-573

根据1986年和2010年在黄海北部取样测定的日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)产卵群体基础生物学数据以及怀卵量计数结果, 对其繁殖生物学特征的年代际变化进行了研究。结果表明, 在日本鲭产卵群体基础生物学特征方面, 1986年的叉长、体质量、纯体质量和性腺重这4项基本生物学指标的范围和平均值均明显大于2010年, 年龄结构从1986年由1⁺~7⁺龄组成, 2⁺龄和3⁺龄为优势组, 改变为2010年由1⁺~3⁺龄组成, 2⁺龄为优势组。在性腺成熟度组成和性腺指数(GSI)方面, 2次采样均发现日本鲭雌鱼性腺成熟度以Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期为主; 开始排卵前, GSI随性腺成熟度的增加而增加; 相同叉长组而言, 2010年平均GSI较1986年呈现增加趋势。相同叉长组的繁殖力分析表明, 相对于1986年, 2010年体质量相对繁殖力升高了11.93%, 而绝对繁殖力则下降了18.45%。这些繁殖生物学特征的变化可能是由于日本鲭群体年龄结构简单化、个体小型化、生长速度加快等原因造成的。为了今后更好地保护并可持续利用日本鲭资源, 在现有的围网休渔制度的基础上, 建议在东黄海日本鲭各主要产卵场及其产卵期制定其他相应的保护措施, 以限制其他捕捞网具对该物种产卵群体的过度捕捞。

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Effects of Chinese herbal medicines mixture on growth performance digestive enzyme activity immune response of juvenile Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus          下载免费PDF全文

C.‐Y. Wang  Z.‐B. Li  Y.‐Z. Sun  Q. Chen  W.‐J. Li  Y.‐C. Huang  J. Lu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(2):683-693

A single factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal medicines mixture (CHMM) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus (initial weight 5.01 ± 0.32 g). The fish were fed diets containing six levels of CHMM (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 g/kg) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (SGR) enhanced significantly in fish fed diet containing 8 g/kg CHMM (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 4 and 8 g/kg CHMM groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). The body crude protein levels in 8 and 16 g/kg groups were significantly higher than the control (p < .05). The pepsin, amylase and lipase activities elevated significantly in the stomach of fish fed 8 g/kg CHMM, while the erepsin and lipase in the intestine of fish in 12 and 16 g/kg groups were higher significantly than the control (p < .05). The lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase (ACP), total antioxidative capacity activities in serum of fish fed 12 g/kg CHMM were higher significantly than those in the control (p < .05), while the total superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative capacity, catalase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and ACP activities in hepatopancreas of fish in 12 g/kg group were all significantly higher than those in the control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary CHMM levels and either FCR, SGR, erepsin, pepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by quadratic or cubic regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 11.4, 10.7, 10.7, 8.4 and 10.5 g/kg for maximum FCR, SGR, erepsin, pepsin and lysozyme activities, respectively. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of CHMM in the diet of Japanese seabass is 8–12 g/kg.  相似文献   

不同贮藏温度下鲈鱼腐败菌生长动力学与货架期预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蓝蔚青  张皖君  段贤源  吴启月  卢瑛  谢晶 《农业机械学报》2018,49(4):351-358

为快速预测鲈鱼在不同温度下特定腐败菌的生长规律,模拟了鲈鱼的4种贮藏温度:流化冰贮藏(-1.8℃)、碎冰贮藏(0℃)、冷藏1(4℃)与冷藏2(10℃),分析了不同温度下鲈鱼的菌落总数、希瓦氏菌与假单胞菌数,并测定了相应条件下鲈鱼货架期终点时的总挥发性盐基氮和QI值。采用修正的Gompertz方程描述鲈鱼特定腐败菌的动态变化,分别以Belehradek平方根方程和Arrhenius方程建立微生物生长预测模型。结果表明,修正的Gompertz方程能准确描述4种贮藏温度下鲈鱼特定腐败菌的生长规律,希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌的腐败阈值分别为(6.48±0.41)lg CFU/g与(6.33±0.36)lg CFU/g。通过碎冰贮藏组(0℃)和模拟流通组(流化冰预冷(-1.8℃)—无冰运输(0.8℃)—碎冰贮藏(0℃))样品对模型适用性进行验证,得出基于Belehradek方程的希瓦氏菌、假单胞菌生长预测模型偏差度分别为0.993 6、0.951 0和1.024 2、0.982 1,准确度分别为1.084 5、1.042 5和1.107 5、1.093 4,货架期预测模型相对误差绝对值在0~10%,准确度优于Arrhenius方程。因此,由Belehradek方程建立的模型能更准确描述鲈鱼在常规流通方式下希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌的生长规律,可为鲈鱼流通货架期的预测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary ethoxyquin on growth,feed utilization and residue in the muscle of juvenile Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Wang  Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Houguo Xu  Rantao Zuo  Wei Xu  Wenbing Zhang  Chunxiao Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2656-2664

Ethoxyquin (EQ) is the most common synthetic antioxidant used for preventing rancidity in fish foodstuffs. However, literature related to the effects of dietary EQ on performance of fish was limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of EQ on performance and EQ residue in muscle of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus and to estimate the optimal EQ concentration in the diet. Graded levels [0 (control), 50, 150, 450 and 1350 mg EQ kg^?1 diet] of EQ were added to the basal diet, resulting in five dietary treatments in the experiment. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of seabass (initial body weight 8.01 ± 0.76 g) for 12 weeks in floating sea cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m, 30 fish per cage). Survival ranged from 78.9 to 86.7%, and was irrespective of dietary EQ levels. The specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diets supplemented with ≤50 mg kg^?1 EQ had significantly (P < 0.05) higher SGR than fish fed diets supplemented with ≥150 mg kg^?1 EQ, the highest SGR was observed in fish fed diet with 50 mg kg^?1 EQ supplementation. Feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency (FE) were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among dietary treatments. Fish fed diets with 50 and 1350 mg kg^?1 EQ had a significant (P < 0.05) lower body lipid content than fish in the control group. Muscle EQ level significantly increased when dietary EQ increased. Optimal EQ concentration estimated by polynomial regression based on maximum growth of juvenile Japanese seabass was 13.78 mg kg^?1 diet.  相似文献   

生长中期花鲈对L-异亮氨酸需要量的研究     

路凯  徐玮  麦康森  王震  严晶  徐瀚林  艾庆辉 《水产学报》2015,39(2):203-212

本实验旨在研究生长中期鲈鱼对饲料L-异亮氨酸的需要量。选取初始体重159.33±1.20g的鲈鱼为实验对象,在基础饲料中梯度添加晶体L-异亮氨酸,配制出异亮氨酸实测含量分别为0.72%、1.11%、1.53%、1.93%、2.31%和2.72%的6种饲料,在海水浮式网箱中进行10周养殖实验。实验结果表明,随饲料中L-异亮氨酸含量的升高,鲈鱼增重率(WGR)、饲料效率(FER)及蛋白质沉积率(PPV)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,各组间差异显著(P<0.05),且在1.93%L-异亮氨酸饲料组出现最大值,分别为108.55%、0.89、和37.57%。饲料中L-异亮氨酸含量对存活率(SR)、摄食率(FI)、肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)、肥满度(CF)、体组成和肌肉氨基酸组成均无显著影响(P>0.05)。肝脏谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力随饲料中L-异亮氨酸含量的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料中L-异亮氨酸含量对血清甘油三酯(TG)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),在L-异亮氨酸含量为1.93%时达到最大值,显著高于0.72%和1.11%组(P<0.05),但与其它各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中L-异亮氨酸含量对血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力、血清总胆固醇(TC)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。以增重率(WGR)和蛋白质沉积率(PPV)为评价指标,得出生长中期鲈鱼对饲料中L-异亮氨酸的需求量分别为1.88%和1.84%饲料干重,占饲料蛋白质的4.41%和4.32%。  相似文献   

两种饲料对海上筏式吊笼养殖仿刺参生长的影响     

余致远 《福建水产》2015,(1):73-78

以福建冬季海上筏式吊笼养殖的仿刺参为对象,采用传统海带饲料和市面销售的凝胶状海参配合饲料对三种规格的仿刺参幼参(平均体质量分别为105.57、73.15和52.89 g)进行了为期60 d的投喂试验,比较了两种饲料对仿刺参幼参生长的影响。结果表明,传统海带饲料投喂组大、中、小三种规格仿刺参的特定生长率分别为(0.69±0.04)、(0.87±0.05)和(0.99±0.02)%·d-1,凝胶状海参配合饲料投喂组的特定生长率分别为(0.65±0.03)、(0.86±0.05)和(0.81±0.10)%·d-1。传统海带饲料投喂组小规格仿刺参的平均个体增重率和特定生长率均显著大于凝胶状配合饲料投喂组(P0.05),而两种饲料投喂组大、中规格间的差异不显著。因此,传统海带饲料可用于仿刺参海上筏式吊笼养殖生产,而凝胶状海参配合饲料可作为传统海带饲料的辅助饲料。  相似文献   

Estimation of dietary biotin requirement of Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus C.     

J. LI  L. ZHANG  K. MAI  Q. AI  J. WAN  C. ZHANG  J. ZHANG 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):231-236

A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the dietary biotin requirement of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus C. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets (Diets 1–6) containing 0, 0.01, 0.049, 0.247, 1.238 and 6.222 mg biotin kg^?1 diet were fed twice daily to triplicate groups (30 fish per group) of fish (initial average weight 2.26 ± 0.03 g) in 18 fibreglass tanks (300 L) filled with 250 L of water in a flow‐through system. Water flow rate through each tank was 2 L min^?1. Water temperature ranged from 25.0 to 28.0 °C, salinity from 28.0 to 29.5 g L^?1, pH from 8.0 to 8.1 and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg L^?1 during the experiment. After the feeding experiment, fish fed Diet 1 developed severe biotin deficiency syndromes characterized by anorexia, poor growth, dark skin colour, atrophy and high mortality. Significant lower survival (73.3%) was observed in the treatment of deficient biotin. The final weight and weight gain of fish significantly increased with increasing dietary biotin up to 0.049 mg kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05), and then slightly decreased. Both feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio showed a very similar change pattern to that of weight gain. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect carcass crude protein, crude lipid, moisture and ash content. However, liver biotin concentration (0–6.1 μg g^?1) significantly increased with the supplementation of dietary biotin (P < 0.05), and no tissue saturation was found within the supplementation scope of biotin. Broken‐line regression analysis of weight gain showed that juvenile Japanese seabass require a minimum of 0.046 mg kg^?1 biotin for maximal growth.  相似文献   

日本对虾养殖群体两个世代遗传结构的微卫星分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡龙洋  栾生  毛勇  钟声平  孔杰 《渔业科学进展》2014,35(2):74-82

利用8对微卫星引物对日本对虾养殖群体两个世代的遗传结构进行了分析,共检测到108个等位基因,等位基因长度为196-528 bp,各位点等位基因数为6-23个。亲本和子代群体每个位点平均等位基因数目分别为8.5个和11.5个,平均观测杂合度分别为0.721和0.632,平均期望杂合度分别为0.775和0.764,平均多态信息含量分别为0.732和0.729。根据标记信息,利用最大似然法对两个世代的个体分别进行系谱结构推断,亲本群体划分为6个群体,群体间遗传距离为0.277-2.356,均值为1.510;子代群体划分为17个群体,群体间遗传距离为0-2.593,均值为1.113。亲本和子代分群体间的遗传距离变化范围为0-3.089,均值为1.238。根据各分群体间的Nei's遗传距离,用非加权组平均法(UPGMA)构建了日本对虾两个世代的遗传进化树。其中18个分群体(4个亲本群体和14个子群体)经过聚类后形成3个分支,其余5个分群体(两个亲本群体和3个子群体)明显偏离于主支。研究发现,子代的观测杂合度明显低于亲本,说明子代在继承亲本遗传信息的过程中已经丢失了一定的杂合性。  相似文献   

花鲈免疫球蛋白的分离纯化及部分特性分析     

许娜娜  钱冬  赵海泉 《中国水产科学》2011,18(1):103-109

分离纯化了花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),并对其特性进行初步研究与分析.采用山羊-IgG(Goat-IgG)免疫花鲈并制备血清,分别采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法、A蛋白亲和层析法及Goat-IgG偶联亲和层析法提取花鲈Ig,对提取组份进行了蛋白浓度测定、间接ELISA效价测定、SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析.结果表明,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法提取的花鲈Ig主要集中在硫酸铵饱和度为30%～50%的区间,其中45%饱和度硫酸铵富集的的抗体比活最高,ELISA效价为2×104/mg蛋白,比血清ELISA效价提高2.2倍;A蛋白柱亲和层析可得单一蛋白峰,洗脱峰集中在洗脱体积0.8～1.6 mL,处,占洗脱蛋白总量的76.2%,峰值的ELISA效价为1.37×105/mg蛋白,抗体得率为2.57%;Goat-IgG偶联Sephrose 4B亲和柱层析也可得单一蛋白峰,洗脱峰集中在洗脱体积1.4～2.8 mL处,占洗脱蛋白总量的72.4%,峰值的ELISA效价为1.39×105/mg蛋白,抗体得率为2.63%.以上3种提取方法均可得到79 kD的重链和29 kD轻链,表明可得到纯化的免疫球蛋白;采用鼠抗花鲈Ig血清和单抗AA5经Western-blotting证实提取成份为花鲈Ig.本研究表明,A蛋白柱和Goat-IgG偶联柱亲和层析均可用于花鲈Ig的提取,其中A蛋白柱法获得的洗脱峰值更为集中,抗体效价高,且提取过程不需要Goat-IgG免疫鱼体,是一种更为有效的免疫球蛋白提取方法.  相似文献