Using lipid analysis and hyphal length to quantify AM and saprotrophic fungal abundance along a soil chronosequence     

T.C. Balser  K.K. Treseder 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(3):601-604

We evaluate the use of signature fatty acids and direct hyphal counts as tools to detect and quantify arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and saprotrophic fungal (SF) biomass in three Hawaiian soils along a natural soil fertility gradient. Phospholipids16:1ω5c and 18:2ω6,9c were used as an index of AM and saprotrophic fungal biomass, respectively. Both phospholipid analysis and hyphal length indicated that the biomass of AMF was greatest at the highest fertility site, and lowest where phosphorus limits plant growth. Saprotrophic fungal biomass did not vary. Hyphal length counts appeared to under-estimate SF abundance, while the phospholipid AMF:SF ratio was in line with expectations. This study indicates that phospholipids may be a valuable and reliable tool for studying the abundance, distribution, and interactions between AM and saprotrophic fungi in soil.  相似文献   

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation as Indices of Selenium and Vitamin E Status in Young Pigs     

P. Thode Jensen  V. Danielsen  H. E. Nielsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(1):92

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 pigs from sows fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E. From 3 to 12 weeks of age the piglets were kept in single pens and fed a basic diet consisting mostly of barley, dried skim milk, soybean meal and dried yeast, and containing 55 µg selenium and 3 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors — i.e. feed supplements — were 2 levels of Se (nil, 60 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (nil, 50 mg/kg), and 2 levels of the feed antioxidant ethoxyquin (nil, 150 mg/kg). Blood samples, collected at termination of the experiment, were examined for glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) to evaluate Se and vitamin E status, respectively. Analysis of variance showed the GSH-Px activity to be litter-dependent (P < 0.001) and influenced by selenium supplementation (P < 0.001) but not by the other supplements or by interactions between supplements. Resistance against ELP was influenced only by vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and ELP thus seem to be valuable and simple methods for evaluating, respectively, Se status and vitamin E status in growing pigs.  相似文献   

Effect of Dietary Fat Quality and Vitamin E on the Antioxidant Potential of Pigs     

P. Thode Jensen  H. E. Nielsen  V. Danielsen  T. Leth 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1983,24(2):135

A randomized blocked factorial experiment was conducted with 90 young pigs. From 4 to 11 weeks of age the pigs were kept in individual pens and fed a selenium supplemented basal diet consisting mostly of propionic acid treated barley, soybean meal and dried skim milk, and containing < 0.5 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors during this period were 3 dietary levels of added vitamin E (nil, 10 and 30 mg/kg) and a 6 % supplement of fresh or oxidized fat (2/3 lard and 1/3 herring oil). From 11 weeks of age until slaughter at 90 kg the pigs received the vitamin E supplements but no fat or dried skim milk. The basal diet for this later experimental period was based on untreated dry barley. Blood samples collected during the period of investigation were examined for vitamin E and for resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) in order to evaluate the antioxidant status.Analysis of variance and Student’s t-test on least squares means showed the ELP to be influenced independently by the vitamin E supplement and, during the fat feeding period, by the quality of the fat supplement, with the highest peroxidation resistance (low ELP) in the groups fed fresh fat and a high level of vitamin E. Blood vitamin E level was only influenced — positively — by the vitamin E supplement although variations in the feed vitamin E level below 10–15 mg vitamin E per kg did not result in corresponding variations in measurable blood vitamin E concentrations. In the same low range of vitamin E in the feed there was a statistically significant difference in ELP values between the different vitamin E treatment groups. No clinical manifestations of selenium-vitamin E deficiency were observed in the pigs.The ELP and the plasma vitamin E levels observed would seem to suggest that a total of 15 mg vitamin E per kg barley-based feed will not always be sufficient for growing pigs.  相似文献   

水分亏缺条件下草莓幼苗几个水分生理指标的变化     

姚允聪  王有年  张瑞  赵玉田 《果树学报》1992,(4)

在离体脱水和不同浓度蔗糖溶液培养条件下,对草莓幼苗的脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶、细胞膜相对透性和组织相对含水量的变化及其相互关系进行研究。结果表明:随着组织相对含水量降低,丙二醛含量增高,细胞膜相对透性增大;丙二醛含量和组织相对含水量之间呈负相关;r新茎=0.89(HS),r叶片=0.75(HS),组织细胞膜相对透性随着丙二醛含量的增高而增大;在离体条件下过氧化物歧化酶对丙二醛含量增高有一定抑制作用。  相似文献   

Fluazifop-butyl causes membrane peroxidation in the herbicide-susceptible broad leaf weed bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum)     

Xiao-Yong Luo 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,78(2):93-102

In order to clarify the action mechanism of fluazifop-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide in bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC.), a unique fluazifop-butyl-susceptible broad-leaved weed, ethylene evolution and membrane lipid peroxidation in the plant seedlings were investigated. Foliar application of fluazifop-P-butyl induced ethylene evolution only from bristly starbur, but not from oat (Avena sativa L.), another fluazifop-butyl-susceptible species, and two tolerant species, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). The other AOPP herbicides, quizalofop-ethyl and fenoxaprop-ethyl, and a cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicide, sethoxydim, did not enhance ethylene production from bristly starbur. This fluazifop-butyl-induced ethylene production in bristly starbur was completely suppressed by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase inhibitor, but not by p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), an anti-auxin compound, suggesting this evolved ethylene was not auxin-induced. Phytotoxic action by fluazifop-P-butyl (5 μM) in bristly starbur was reduced markedly by two lipid-soluble antioxidants, vitamin E, and ethoxyquin. The ethylene production from the plant was also inhibited by these two antioxidants. Content of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased only by fluazifop-P-butyl in bristly starbur seedlings but not in oat, and this increase was inhibited by ethoxyquin. These results strongly suggest that the primary site of action for fluazifop-butyl in bristly starbur is on the membranes and active oxygen species and/or free radicals are involved in peroxidation. Ethylene evolution is probably induced by these reactive oxygen species.  相似文献   

The influence of seawater on lipid peroxidation of the muscle tissue wounded by firearm in rabbit limbs     

CHEN Lei  LAI Xi-nan  CHEN Zhi-qiang  ZHANG Liang-chao 《园艺学报》2001,17(6):556-558

AIM: The influence of the seawater on the lipid peroxidation of the muscle tissue wounded by firearm was studied. METHODS: Both two limbs of rabbits were wounded by the steel ball of 250 mg. The wounded rabbits were divided into two group: One is seawater immersed group (SIG), which was dipped in artificial seawater for 30 min. Another is the single wounded group (SWG), which wasn't dipped in seawater. Then, muscle tissues 0.5 cm (A area), 1.5 cm (B area) and 2.5 cm (C area) from wound edge were cut for biochemical analysis at 3, 6, 12, 24 h of post-wound, respectively. The contents of ATP, MDA and SOD activity of all these tissues were detected, pre-wounded muscle tissues were used as control group. RESULTS: The content of MDA in SIG increased obviously at 3, 6 h, respectively, but it decreased slightly at 12 h and increased again at 24 h. The change in MDA in SWG is similar to that in SIG but more slightly. The changes in both the activity of SOD and the content of ATP in two groups is similar to that of MDA. CONCLUSION: Seawater induced more serious lipid peroxidation in the muscle tissue wounded by firearm.  相似文献   

氯化钠对不同大豆品种膜脂质过氧化的影响     

许东河  李东艳  陈于和  刘桂智 《中国油料作物学报》1993,(1)

用不同氯化钠浓度的Hogland营养液进行水培试验,结果表明,随盐分浓度增高,叶片丙二醛含量增加,膜透性增强,过氧化物酶活性升高,叶片相对含水量降低。抗盐性品种的膜脂质过氧化反应水平较低,过氧化物酶活性较高。  相似文献   

Maintenance of Vigour and Viability of Stored Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds     

K. Ramamoorthy    D. Kalavathi  M. Paramasivam 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,169(4):223-228

To determine the most efficacious midstorage hydration-dehydration treatment for preservation of vigour and viability of stored pea seeds ( Pisum sativum L.), cultivar Bonneville , three methods viz., soaking-drying, moisture equilibration-drying and moist sand conditioning-drying each at varying durations were evaluated. Irrespective of the durations of treatment, soaking-drying proved injurious. Though all durations of moisture equilibration excepting and 120 h outperformed the control, yet 48 h proved to be the best. Preconditioning with moist sand (5 % moisture content) with seed at a ratio of 1: 2.5 for different durations revealed 48 h to be the optimum, 72–96 h to be innocuous and thereafter injurious. Maintenance of membrane integrity and counteraction of lipid peroxidation may be the possible reasons for such beneficial effects.  相似文献   

高温胁迫下高羊茅草坪草生理特性研究   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

余高镜  林文雄 《草业科学》2006,23(2):75-84

从美国引进的39个高羊茅草坪草种分成了5个生态类型,在1999—2000年从每类中找出一个具有典型性状的草种,测定其周年草坪坪质表现、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量变化,同时测定各类草种在高温胁迫下保护酶活性与质膜透性的变化。结果表明,根系活力及可溶性糖含量在一定程度上影响着草坪坪质的周年变化。同时,草坪草叶片MDA含量的增长率和草坪草叶片的质膜透性增长率具有显著的正相关效应。在40℃高温胁迫下,草坪草叶片SOD与POD相对活性和MDA含量的增长率及PMP增长率具有显著的负相关效应,5个草种对高温的抗性能力大小顺序是:Gooden>Regi ment>Tomahawk>SR-8210>Brandy。在此基础上,最后对草坪草抗性的准确快速检测方法进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Antioxidant role of propolis extract against oxidative damage of testicular tissue induced by insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats     

Azza A. AttiaReda H. ElMazoudy  Nahla S. El-Shenawy 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(2):87-93

Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD₅₀) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.  相似文献