人工养殖鲟鱼生长与肌肉品质的研究进展     

张润锋  余翔  万年春  任华  孙宏懋  林亚秋  蓝泽桥 《广西农业生物科学》2014,(1):215-221

鲟鱼肉和卵极具营养价值,鲟鱼养殖规模稳定扩大,中国已经成为世界上最大的鲟鱼养殖国家。尽管国内外在鲟鱼保护生物学和应用技术方面取得了一系列科研成果,但对养殖鲟鱼的生长和肌肉品质的发育规律所知甚少。本文综述了国内外养殖鲟鱼异速生长模式和肌肉品质分析的研究现状,发现现有鲟鱼生长于肌肉品质的研究主要集中于幼鱼或某一个生长期,缺少系统性和完整性。因此,建议针对主要养殖鲟鱼品种,从幼鱼到成鱼系统开展养殖鲟鱼生长与肌肉品质变化规律的研究,揭示鲟鱼肌肉品质的生长发育规律。  相似文献   

A selectively suppressing amino acid transporter: Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 inhibits cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in skeletal muscle cells     

Lingyu Zhang  Yehui Duan  Qiuping Guo  Wenlong Wang  Fengna Li 《动物营养（英文）》2020,6(4):513

Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2), also known as solute carrier family 38 member 2 (SLC38A2), is expressed in the skeletal muscle. Our research previously indicated that SNAT2 mRNA expression level in the skeletal muscle was modulated by genotype and dietary protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the key role of the amino acid transporter SNAT2 in muscle cell growth, differentiation, and related signaling pathways via SNAT2 suppression using the inhibitor α-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). The results showed that SNAT2 suppression down-regulated both the mRNA and protein expression levels of SNAT2 in C2C12 cells, inhibited cell viability and differentiation of the cell, and regulated the cell distribution in G0/G1 and S phases (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, most of the intercellular amino acid content of the cells after MeAIB co-culturing was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of system L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), silent information regulator 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 alpha, as well as the protein expression levels of amino acid transporters LAT1 and vacuolar protein sorting 34, were all down-regulated. The phosphorylated protein expression levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, 4E binding protein 1, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 after MeAIB treatment were also significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05), which could contribute to the importance of SNAT2 in amino acid transportation and skeletal muscle cell sensing. In conclusion, SNAT2 suppression inhibited C2C12 cell growth and differentiation, as well as the availability of free amino acids. Although the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway was found to be involved, its response to different nutrients requires further study.  相似文献   

家禽肌肉组织中硝基咪唑类药物残留高效液相色谱检测法研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

沈建忠  项新华  张跃  赵珊 《中国农业科学》2003,36(6):700-703

 建立了检测家禽肌肉组织中甲硝唑、洛硝哒唑、二甲硝咪唑残留的高效液相色谱法。样品经乙酸乙酯振荡提取 ,浓缩 ,盐酸溶解残渣 ,己烷萃取除去脂肪。氢氧化钠调节溶液到pH 4 .8～ 5 .2 ,过C18小柱 ,甲醇洗脱 ,SpherisorbC18柱分离 ,32 0nm处检测。流动相为醋酸缓冲液 乙腈 (85∶15 ,v/v)。甲硝唑、洛硝哒唑和二甲硝咪唑检测限分别为 0 .5、1.0和 1.0ng·g-1。肉鸡肌肉组织中添加 6 .0ng·g-1水平回收率分别为 :甲硝唑 89.8% ,洛硝哒唑81.7% ,二甲硝咪唑 86 .6 %。此方法具有定性合理 ,检测限低 ,分析快速 ,准确等特点。  相似文献   

兔疥螨体壁和肌肉超微结构的研究     

陈克强  樊培方 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1994,(2)

透射电镜观察表明：兔疥螨（Ｓａｒｃｏｐｔｅｓｓｃａｂｉｅｉ）雌性成虫的体壁由表皮层和真皮组成．表皮层由上表皮、外表皮和内表皮组成．其中上表皮又可分为盖质层和表皮质层．真皮层则由一单层的表皮细胞层所构成．起源于表皮细胞的微管穿过内、外表皮，终止于近盖质层的表皮质层内，为单线型微管．本文还对皮纹、皮棘、杆状毛和基腹板等体壁附属构造进行了观察．骨胳肌细胞由肌质膜、肌质和核所组成．肌质膜为双层单位膜所组成．肌质内含肌原纤维、肌质网、线粒体、β－型糖原以及少许脂滴．肌原纤维显示色淡的Ｉ带和色深的Ａ带相间排列，Ｉ带中心为Ｚ线．Ａ带中每条粗肌丝周围配有９～１１条细肌丝．核单个，内含多量常染色质，核仁一个，电子密度深，位于一端．  相似文献   

野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

顾曙余  赵赿 《农业科学与技术》2008,9(4):118-120

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.  相似文献   

朗德鹅肌肉生成抑制因子基因（MSTN）的克隆及其表达量与日粮能量、血清IGF-I和GH的关系     

胡骏鹏  李翔  张碧绿  范卫星  曹爱青  赵阿勇  何瑞国 《中国农业科学》2008,41(1):221-228

 【目的】采用反转录－聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术,克隆朗德鹅肌肉生成抑制因子基因（MSTN）,研究MSTN基因表达和日粮能量及其部分血清激素含量的相互关系,了解MSTN的功能,为水禽分子营养和分子育种提供基础资料。【方法】从朗德鹅（Anser anser）的腿肌中抽提总RNA,用两步法RT-PCR扩增出MSTN基因的cDNA编码序列,以pGEM-T Vector为载体,将该片段克隆到大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）中。通过筛选阳性克隆,双酶切鉴定后测序;以MSTN基因的克隆为基础,以β-actin为内标,构建优化的半定量RT-PCR方法,研究高中低（A:13.38MJ•kg-1、B:12.13MJ•kg-1、C:10.87MJ•kg-1）3种不同能量对朗德鹅21日龄和70日龄2个时期,肌肉组织MSTN基因表达的差异;同时用放免法测定21、70日龄的血清GH和IGF-I浓度。【结果】克隆朗德鹅MSTN基因cDNA的部分序列,其片段大小为1 128bp,编码375个氨基酸组成的多肽,与已发表的鸡、鸭、鹅的MSTN 核苷酸相似性分别为94%、94%、99%;氨基酸的相似性分别为98%、97%、98%;21日龄时,朗德鹅公鹅、母鹅MSTN表达量差异不显著;70日龄时朗德鹅公鹅MSTN的表达量情况为能量A＞C＞B,朗德鹅母鹅MSTN的表达量情况为C＞B＞A;对于朗德鹅21～70日龄阶段的生长,MSTN基因的表达量和血清IGF-I的变化基本一致;与血清GH含量之间并不存在很大关联,GH和能量的高低呈正相关。【结论】日粮能量对21日龄后朗德鹅MSTN基因的表达有影响,且MSTN基因表达量和血清IGF-I具有相关性,和血清GH无较大相关性。  相似文献   

四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

印杰  熊传喜  李圣华  张红云  朱勇夫 《福建水产》2009,(1):73-76

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明：四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中（鲜重）蛋白质含量分别为18．68％、18．69％和18．20％;脂肪含量分别为0．796％、0．106％和1．203％;水分含量分别为79．81％、79．52％和78．40％;灰分含量分别为0．951％、1．188％和1．162％。三种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸;氨基酸总量（占鲜重）分别为17．57％、18．11％和17．47％;必需氨基酸总量分别为7．84％、7．98％和7．76％;必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO／WHO的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6．98％、7．33％和6．95％。经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。  相似文献   

A method for inducing muscle relaxation in the abalone, Haliotis iris     

Berni Aquilina  Rodney Roberts 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2000,190(3-4):403-408

Four chemical and two non-chemical methods for induction of relaxation in the abalone, Haliotis iris, were tested for prospective use in pearl seeding. Requirements were for rapid onset of relaxation, full extension and softening of the foot and epipodium muscle for at least 10 min, and recovery with minimal stress and no mortality. Nembutal at 1 ml/l was most successful, producing relaxed and soft muscle with good accessibility to operation sites, and no mortality. Benzocaine and MS-222 made animals release from container walls within 30–60 min, but the animal's muscle was hard and contracted. Propylene phenoxytol caused muscle contraction and mortality at 2.5 ml/l. The effects of the chemical relaxants were similar in warm (21–22.5°C) and cool (15–16°C) water. Elevation of the water temperature from 18°C to 23°C (without chemicals) caused some softening of the muscle, but was much less effective than Nembutal. Air exposure for up to 4 h was ineffective. This work provides a simple method to relax live abalone for pearl nucleation or other manipulations.  相似文献   

饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响          下载免费PDF全文

孟伟  王琦  牟华  巩雨  申雅雯  孙云霞  张文兵  麦康森 《渔业科学进展》2022,43(1):123-132

为探究饲料中棕榈酸/(二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸)(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼(Larmichthys crocea) [初始体重为(30.51±0.16) g]抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响,本研究以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,EPA富含油、DHA富含油、棕榈酸和卵磷脂为主要脂肪源,分别配制棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)比例分别为1∶5、1∶1和5∶1的3种等氮(约43%粗蛋白)、等脂(约11%粗脂肪)饲料,并分别命名为P0、P50和P100组,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验,从肌肉基本指标与分子基因层面探究饲料对大黄鱼抗氧化能力与肌肉品质的影响。结果显示,P0和P50组大黄鱼肌肉具有显著高的硬度、粘附性、内聚性和咀嚼性(P<0.05)。P0组大黄鱼肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于P50和P100组(P<0.05);P100组肌肉饱和脂肪酸显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05)。P100组大黄鱼肌肉超氧化物歧化酶2基因(SOD2)和过氧化氢酶基因(CAT)表达水平显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05);P0组肌肉核因子E2相关因子基因(Nrf2)表达水平则显著高于P50组(P<0.05),P100和P0组、P100和P50组间相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于超氧化物歧化酶1基因(SOD1),P0、P50和P100组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。P50组大黄鱼肌肉的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于P0和P100组(P<0.05),P0、P50和P100组大黄鱼肌肉的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中棕榈酸含量较高时,大黄鱼肌肉质构特性降低,抗氧化能力没有受到显著影响;在饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)值发生改变时,大黄鱼肌肉品质的变化与鱼体内氧化应激和抗氧化能力之间的关联仍需进一步探究。  相似文献   

鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸组成分析     

朱玲  刘必生  李正友  李建光  申晓东 《贵州畜牧兽医》2012,36(2):62-65

对鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸进行测定,结果显示:鲈鲤肌肉中含有7种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸有3种,不饱和脂肪酸有4种。3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量为28.22%,4种不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)为71.75%,以不饱和脂肪酸中油酸C18∶1含量最高,为44.28%。鲈鲤鱼体肌肉脂肪酸主要由油酸C18∶1、棕榈酸C16∶0、亚油酸C18∶2和棕榈油酸C16∶14种脂肪酸组成,这4种脂肪酸质量分数总和占脂肪酸总质量分数的93.58%。鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸种类组成与其它几种淡水鱼类比较,存在明显差异。  相似文献