绿汁发酵液对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响     

张亚格  字学娟  李茂  周汉林 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(6):1475-1480

试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液(previously fermented juice,PFJ)对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响。以热研2号柱花草为原料进行青贮试验,设对照组(直接青贮)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ组,各试验组PFJ添加比例为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%,30 d后测定柱花草青贮饲料主要营养成分含量及发酵品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高(P < 0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均有不同程度的降低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组柱花草青贮的饲料相对值(RFV)显著提高(P < 0.05)。添加PFJ试验组与对照组相比显著降低了青贮饲料的pH (P < 0.05),乙酸和丙酸含量均有不同程度的降低,乳酸含量显著提高(P < 0.05)。柱花草直接青贮品质较差,添加PFJ提高了饲料青贮质量评分等级。综上所述,添加PFJ可提高营养价值,明显改善柱花草青贮品质,PFJ添加量为4%时青贮效果最好。  相似文献   

Accumulation and composition of total organic carbon in reclaimed coal mine lands     

G. K. Ganjegunte  A. F. Wick  P. D. Stahl  G. F. Vance 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2009,20(2):156-175

Reclaimed coal mine lands have the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon (C); however, limited information exists for the western USA coalfields. This study was carried out on two chronosequences (BA‐C₃ grasses and DJ‐shrubs) of reclaimed sites at two surface coal mines to determine the effects of vegetation, soil texture, and lignin content on soil total organic carbon (TOC) accumulations. In the BA chronosequence, TOC increased over 26 years at an average rate of 0·52 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 0–30 cm depth and was significantly correlated with clay content. Comparison between < 1 and 16‐year‐old stockpile soils indicated TOC content did not differ significantly. In the DJ chronosequence, TOC content in the 0–30 cm depth declined from 31·3 Mg ha⁻¹ in 5‐year‐old soils to 23·4 Mg ha⁻¹ in 16‐year‐old soils. The C:N ratios suggested that some (up to 2·0 per cent) of the TOC was potentially derived from coal particles in these reclaimed soils. Soil total N (TN) contents followed a similar trend as TOC with TOC and TN concentrations strongly correlated. Lignin contents in TOC of all reclaimed soils and topsoil stockpiles (TSs) were higher than that of nearby undisturbed soils, indicating the recalcitrant nature of TOC in reclaimed soils and/or possibly the slow recovery of lignin degrading organism. Results indicated that TOC accumulations in DJ were largely controlled by its composition, particular lignin content. In BA sites TOC accumulation was strongly influenced by both clay and lignin contents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘拟步甲的物种多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐养诚  娄巧哲  马吉宏  吕昭智 《干旱区研究》2013,30(4):674-680

于2010年5-7月利用陷阱法抽样技术,调查研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同生境中拟步甲的活动密度和群落多样性。结果表明：① 在景观尺度上,拟步甲科的物种多样性整体比较低,活动密度、物种丰富度、多样性指数、优势度指数等群落特征值在不同景观间变化显著,拟步甲更倾向于分布在荒漠边缘;② 拟步甲科多数优势种对微生境的选择表现出明显的倾向性,同属物种对微生境的选择表现出类似的倾向性;③ 重大农业工程的干扰,使得物种丰富度和均匀度指数有所下降,但差异不显著。多样性指数的下降及优势度指数的升高达到显著水平(P<0.05);不同物种的活动密度均表现为下降(库氏东鳖甲和光滑胖漠甲除外)。表明拟步甲对荒漠生境有指示意义。  相似文献   

Pathogenic variation of Mycosphaerella species infecting banana and plantain in Nigeria     

M. Zandjanakou‐Tachin  P. S. Ojiambo  I. Vroh‐Bi  A. Tenkouano  Y. M. Gumedzoe  R. Bandyopadhyay 《Plant pathology》2013,62(2):298-308

Mycosphaerella species that cause the ‘Sigatoka disease complex’ account for significant yield losses in banana and plantain worldwide. Disease surveys were conducted in the humid forest (HF) and derived savanna (DS) agroecological zones from 2004 to 2006 to determine the distribution of the disease and variation among Mycosphaerella species in Nigeria. Disease prevalence and severity were higher in the HF than in the DS zone, but significant (P < 0·001) differences between agroecological zones were only observed for disease severity. A total of 85 isolates of M. fijiensis and 11 isolates of M. eumusae were collected during the survey and used to characterize the pathogenic structure of Mycosphaerella spp. using a putative host differential cultivar set consisting of Calcutta‐4 (resistant), Valery (intermediate) and Agbagba (highly susceptible). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was higher on all cultivars when inoculated with M. eumusae than with M. fijiensis, but significant (P < 0·05) differences between the two species were only observed on Valery. Based on the rank‐sum method, 8·3% of the isolates were classified as highly aggressive and 46·9% were classified as aggressive. About 11·5% of all the isolates were classified as least aggressive, and all of these were M. fijiensis. The majority of M. eumusae isolates (seven out of 11; 64%) were classified as aggressive. A total of nine pathotype clusters were identified using cluster analysis of AUDPC. At least one M. fijiensis isolate was present in all the nine pathotype clusters, while isolates of M. eumusae were present in six of the nine clusters. Isolates in pathotype clusters III and V were the most aggressive, while those in cluster VIII were the least aggressive. Shannon’s index (H) revealed a more diverse Mycosphaerella collection in the DS zone (H = 1·81) than in the HF (H = 1·50) zone, with M. fijiensis being more diverse than M. eumusae. These results describe the current pathotype structure of Mycosphaerella in Nigeria and provide a useful resource that will facilitate screening of newly developed Musa genotypes for resistance against two important leaf spot diseases of banana and plantain.  相似文献   

不同放牧方式对草地群落植物功能群组成和结构的影响     

姜丽霞  田赟  刘新月  张克斌 《北京林业大学学报》2022,44(1):77-86

[目的]植物功能群及其多样性是维持群落结构复杂性和稳定性的基础,通过对不同放牧方式下植物功能群组成与结构的研究,深入了解呼伦贝尔草地生态系统植物功能群的构建、分布和环境适应机制,为草地生态系统群落演替方向的预测和永续经营提供科学依据.[方法]本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗的家庭牧场为研究对象,分别对禁牧、休牧和常牧样...  相似文献   

不同收割高度玉米秸秆产量和营养成分的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵红香  宁堂原  聂良鹏  王丙文  田慎重  李增嘉 《中国农业科学》2013,46(20):4354-4361

【目的】分析不同收割高度玉米秸秆的产量、含水量、营养物质含量和产量,以期为该地区玉米秸秆作为反刍动物饲料提供最佳收获高度做参考依据。【方法】在小麦-玉米一年两熟制的黄淮海地区进行田间试验,玉米成熟收获后,根据机收距离地面的可能高度,将玉米秸秆分为距地面0—50 cm、0—100 cm、0 cm以上、50 cm以上和100 cm以上5个处理,分别测定各处理秸秆的干重（DW）、鲜重（FW）和含水量（WC）,秸秆的粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ANF）、淀粉（SC）、可溶性糖（SS）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）和钾（K）的含量及产量。【结果】玉米秸秆的CP、EE、Ca和P含量随距地高度升高而增加,玉米秸秆的WC、NDF、ADF、SS、SC和K含量随距地高度升高而降低。100 cm以上处理的DW、CP、NDF、ANF、SS、SC和K的产量均占总产量的30%左右,而EE、Ca和P的产量均占总产量的40%左右。50 cm以上处理的FW和K产量占总产量的50%左右,而DW和除K外各营养物质的产量均占总产量的60%—70%。【结论】从秸秆营养物质的含量和产量上分析,100 cm以上部位比50 cm以上部位更适合作饲料。因此,该地区机收玉米秸秆用作饲料最适宜的高度是距地面100 cm。  相似文献   

油茶籽壳的化学成分分析与扫描电镜观察     

周建平  杨俊换  胡尧超 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,39(5):554-558

用化学分析法测定油茶籽壳的主要成分,并用不同方法处理油茶籽壳后测定其主要成分,同时利用扫描电镜对处理后油茶籽壳的细胞微观结构进行观察。结果表明,油茶籽壳中水分占11.07%,灰分占1.02%,粗脂肪占2.53%,粗蛋白占2.70%,还原糖占1.59%,茶皂素占10.68%,半纤维素占22.00%,纤维素占17.32%,木质素占31.35%,油茶籽壳的成分处理前、后有所变化;油茶籽壳的细胞壁主要由半纤维素、纤维素、木质素组成,且每部分都呈层状结构,半纤维素分布于细胞壁的内层,纤维素分布于细胞壁的中层,木质素分布于纤维素和半纤维素的层状结构之间和细胞壁的外层。  相似文献   

Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Clarias gariepinus Dried with Solar Dryers and Solar Tents in Sokoto,Nigeria     

Abubakar Baba Misau  Joseph Kayode Ipinjolu  Ibrahim Magawata  Abubakar Yunusa 《农业科学与技术》2013,(11):857-869

A research was conducted to assess the effects of three different drying techniques, namely open sun drying （OSD）, solar dryers （SD） and solar tent dryers （STD）. Data on physical characteristics such as weight, total length and standard length were recorded and proximate composition of the fish sample Clarias gariepinus （Burchell, 1822） was carried out before, during and after drying to assess changes on physical characteristics and nutrient composition at different level. After drying, the samples were subjected to storage for eight weeks. The result obtained shows that there was no significant （P 〉 0.01） difference in the drying weight of the fish samples between the direct SD and the STD. However, for the total and standard length there was significant （P 〈 0.01） difference in the drying techniques, but no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the drying period. There was no significant （P 〉 0.05） difference on the physical parameters, storage period, proximate composition of both direct SD and STD and the drying period, respectively. Therefore, direct SD can be substituted with the STD without altering the quality of the product.  相似文献   

不同有机肥及施肥量对初烤烟产质量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁伟  韦建玉  田兆福  齐永杰  金亚波  吴峰  李章海  贺方云 《广东农业科学》2013,40(15):79-81

为探讨正安烟区不同有机肥的合理施用量,将自制有机肥和商品有机肥各设300、600、900 kg/hm2 3个处理,对烤后烟叶经济性状、化学成分、香气成分、感官质量进行分析,比较不同施肥处理对烤烟产质量的影响.结果表明,自制有机肥和商品有机肥施肥量600 kg/hm2,烟叶经济性状最好;自制有机肥施肥量300～600 kg/hm2,商品有机肥施肥量600 kg/hm2,感官质量较好;自制有机肥和商品有机肥施肥量900 kg/hm2,化学成分较适宜.综合考虑两种有机肥对初烤烟主要性状的影响,兼顾有机肥施用成本,自制有机肥和商品有机肥施肥量以600 kg/hm2较合适.  相似文献   

薏苡副产品对兔及猪生长性能的影响     

翁长江 《饲料博览》2013,(10):37-39

薏苡是一种药食兼用植物,其种仁具有独特的药用功能和很高的营养价值,是常用的中草药和食品.其副产品也具有多种用途,如薏苡仁糠可饲用,也可榨取油脂,但却被忽视利用.研究薏苡仁糠饲用效果,对开辟新的饲料资源有着重要意义.试验分析了薏苡仁糠的营养成分,并进行饲喂肉猪和肉兔试验.试验结果表明,薏苡仁糠与统糠营养成分接近,可用来饲喂肉猪和内兔等.  相似文献