Sesame (Sesame indicum L.) biochemical and physiological responses as affected by applying chemical,biological, and nano-fertilizers in field water stress conditions     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2012,35(3):456-475

Abstract

Co-application of nano, chemical, and biological fertilizers has been recommended to increase quality and quantity of plants in sustainable production systems. Field experiments (factorial split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design) were conducted during two consecutive years to investigate the effect of nitrogen (nitroxin, urea, and nitroxin + 50% urea) and potassium (without fertilizer, soil and foliar application of potassium nano-chelate, and potassium dioxide) forms on grain yield, physiological traits, oil content, and fatty acids composition of sesame under water stress conditions (normal irrigation, irrigation up to 50% seed ripening and flowering (mild and severe stresses, respectively). Severe water stress was caused decreasing chlorophyll content, grain yield (25.4%), seed oil content (2.87%), and unsaturated fatty acid content, while it increased catalase and peroxidase activities, total carbohydrate, and saturated fatty acids content in compared to the control. As shown, the grain yield in the second year was more than the amount in the first year. The highest grain yield was achieved in co-application of 50% urea and nitroxin in combined with potassium dioxide under normal irrigation during the second year, which showed an increase of 42%, compared to the control treatment. Application of potassium fertilizer (nano or chemical) increased unsaturated fatty acids content in compared to the control treatment. While non-application of fertilizer had the highest saturated fatty acids content. Finally, the co-application of potassium fertilizer (nano or chemical forms) with nitrogen fertilizer (nitroxin + 50% urea) could alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on the studied traits.  相似文献   

堆肥提取液中腐殖酸类物质能够显著促进黄瓜生长     

XU Da-Bing  WANG Qiu-Jun  WU Yun-Cheng  YU Guang-Hui  SHEN Qi-Rong  HUANG Qi-Wei 《土壤圈》2012,22(6):815-824

The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated based on the structure and activity analysis of humic-like substances. AFEC increased cucumber growth most significantly, followed by DEC and NAFEC, which was insignificant compared to the control treatment. Humic-like substances from compost extracts played an important role in promoting cucumber growth. Application of humic-like substances stimulated auxin-like activity and increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation in plants. The positive auxin-like activity of humic-like substances could be attributed to the relative distribution of special carbon groups, such as those with a large amount of peptidic and carbohydratic groups or with a low content of phenolic groups. In conclusion, the best growth promotion by application of AFEC was mainly attributed to the humic-like substances in the AFEC.  相似文献   

Influence of sward botanical composition on performance of cool temperate grassland under contrasting nitrogen fertilization regimes     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2855-2864

Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.) is an active silicon (Si) accumulator, and Si can reduce the organic‐matter digestibility of forage grasses. Calcium carbonate (crushed coral) applications to a low Si Maile silt loam soil (Acrudoxic Hydrudands) had no effect on the in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentration of 3‐week‐old (4.5‐leaf‐per‐tiller stage of development) ‘Whittet’ kikuyugrass regrowth, whereas calcium silicate (wollastonite) applied at the calcium equivalent of the calcium carbonate rates produced a curvilinear (crescent‐shaped quadratic) IVDOM response. Whittet IVDOM decreased when grass Si concentration exceeded about 22 g kg^?1 or when 0.5 M acetic acid–extractable soil Si exceeded about 230 mg kg^?1. Common and ‘Hosaka’ kikuyugrass regrowth on the Maile soil had less Si and greater IVDOM concentrations than those observed for high‐Si Kohala (Humic Dystrustepts) and Waialua (Pachic Haplustolls) silty clay soils. Whittet had greater crude protein and IVDOM concentrations and lesser fiber concentrations than common.  相似文献   

有机栽培与常规栽培蔬菜的营养品质分析比较     

马超  李晓慧  班甜甜  梁蝶 《作物杂志》2021,37(5):166-22

为明确有机栽培与常规栽培蔬菜的营养品质差异,以大白菜、生菜和黄瓜为研究对象,采用基质盆栽分析对比2种栽培方式下蔬菜营养物质（蛋白质、可溶性糖、总氨基酸）、维生素原类（胡萝卜素、维生素C、类黄酮）、风味物质（单宁、苹果酸、酒石酸）、矿质元素（Fe、Zn、Mn）以及硝酸盐与农药残留含量的差异。结果表明,有机栽培蔬菜的蛋白质、可溶性糖、氨基酸、类胡萝卜素、维生素C、类黄酮、苹果酸、Fe和Zn等有益营养物质的含量显著高于常规栽培蔬菜,相反,有机栽培蔬菜的单宁、Mn及硝酸盐含量显著低于常规栽培蔬菜,且3种常规栽培蔬菜中均检测到农药残留,其中大白菜和生菜的农药残留大大超过限量标准。由此可见,采用有机栽培方式种植的蔬菜不仅有益营养物质显著优于常规栽培蔬菜,而且其有害物明显低于常规栽培蔬菜。  相似文献   

铁锰结核研究进展及展望     

陶敬 《农业机械化与电气化》2013,(10):10-12,15

铁和锰作为土壤中重要的元素,在成土过程中因强烈迁移和积聚而形成铁锰结核。对国内外铁锰结核的研究进行总结,主要从铁锰结核的形成、理化性质、矿物组成以及元素地球化学特征等方面,提出铁锰结核研究中存在的问题和不足．展望今后铁锰结核研究趋势。  相似文献   

Nutritional quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): current status and future research needs     

U. Singh 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(4):339-351

The nutritional composition and the affects of processing and storage and anti-nutrients on nutritional value of chickpeas are reviewed. Future research needs are discussed.Submitted as J.A. No. 431 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRASAT).  相似文献   

Amino acid compositions of different protein fractions in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine Notch-2 mutant     

S. Joshi  I. M. Santha  S. L. Mehta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(4):277-286

The percent distributions of protein fractions namely albumin + globulin, prolamine and glutelin were studied in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine mutant Notch-2. During development the percentage of albumin + globulin fraction decreased in NP 113, while those of prolamine and glutelin remained unchanged. The increase in prolamine was substantial from 24 to 31DAA. In Notch-2 the trend followed by albumin + globulin and prolamine was like that in NP 113, while the glutelin fraction showed an increase as compared to 10 DAA. The percent of albumin + globulin was slightly higher in Notch-2 as compared to NP 113. The absolute amount (mg/grain) of all the protein fractions increased during development in both NP 113 and its mutant Notch-2. During the grain development the prolamine content was substantially lower in the mutant than in the parent NP 113. The albumin + globulin content per endosperm was in general also higher in NP 113 than Notch-2. Amino acid analysis of the protein fractions did not reveal significant changes in lysine between NP 113 and Notch-2. Thus, the improvement in lysine in the mutant is primarily due to reduced synthesis of the prolamine fraction and not due to an increase in lysine in the mutant hordein fraction. Part of the improvemenht in lysine may also be due to increase in the percentage of albumin + globulin fractions which is lysine rich.Part of the Ph.D thesis submitted by S. Joshi to P.G. School, IARI, New Delhi.  相似文献   

Studies on green gram (Phaseolus aureus) protein concentrate and flour     

A. S. Mesallam  M. A. Hamza 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(1):17-27

Protein isolate from green gram (Phaseolus aureus) was prepared and the chemical composition was determined. It contained 64.04% protein, 1.8% total lipids, 27.64% total carbohydrates, 1.68% crude fibre and 4.84% ash. Iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, potassium and sodium were determined. The limiting amino acid in the protein isolate was lysine. In vitro digestibility pepsin followed the pancretion was the highest and the lowest was the digestion by pepsin alone. Water absorption, oil absorption, emulsion capacity and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of the protein isolate were 2.26g/g, 1.24g/g, 31.4g/g and 6.8g/g, respectively. For comparison the same functional properties were determined for the flour of green gram. Replacing 5 and 10% of the wheat flour with green gram flour improved the mixing properties of dough and produced good acceptable bread. However, the addition of 15% green gram flour weakened the dough and lowered the quality of bread. Replacing 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of wheat flour with protein concentrate also weakened the mixing properties of the wheat dough and decreased the bread quality.  相似文献   

响应面优化超临界CO₂萃取罗非鱼头油的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张春华  包斌  陈山乔  沈晶晶  潘镜  陶宁萍  吴文惠 《上海海洋大学学报》2015,24(2):293-302

为优化罗非鱼头油的提取工艺,通过单因素试验选择超临界CO2萃取罗非鱼头油的单因素水平,采用响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取罗非鱼头油的工艺条件,分析了罗非鱼头油的品质及脂肪酸组成。结果表明:超临界CO2技术萃取罗非鱼头油的最优工艺条件是压力36 MPa、温度41℃和时间3.1 h,超临界CO2流体技术优于蒸煮法、碱水解法和酶解法;罗非鱼头油的最大提取率是79.5%,其碘值、过氧化值和酸值分别是(5.36±0.15)mg/kg、(4.27±0.33)mmol/kg、(139.0±8.9)g/100g;罗非鱼头油的饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)的含量分别是27.85%,41.74%和30.41%,罗非鱼头油丰富的脂肪酸构成暗示着其优良的营养价值和功能性。  相似文献   

The oil content and fatty acid composition of various genotypes of cauliflower,turnip and radish     

K. L. Ahuja  Hari Singh  R. K. Raheja  K. S. Labana 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(1):33-40

Seeds of thirteen genotypes of cauliflower, four of turnip and seven of radish were analysed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Turnip and radish had higher oil content as compared to cauliflower. Oleic, linoleic + eicosenoic and erucic acids were the major fatty acids in the oils of these seeds. Levels of erucic acid were in the order of radish < turnip < cauliflower. Compared to cauliflower and turnip seeds, radish seeds contained higher amounts of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic + eicosenoic acids and lower amounts of linoleic and erucic acids.  相似文献