Nutritional components and antioxidant properties of seven kinds of cereals fermented by the basidiomycete Agaricus blazei     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) by basidiomycete Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) on the nutritional components and antioxidant properties of wheat, rice, oat, corn, millet, broomcorn millet and sorghum.The results showed that the contents of nutritional components in the fermented cereals varied with the fermentation time. After SSF of ABM, the enhancement rates of millet in total phenols, amino acid nitrogen and water-soluble protein content were the highest, which were respectively 4.03, 12.04 and 10.37 times higher than that of the control; the enhancement rates of wheat in total protein and reducing sugar content were the highest, which were 0.32 and 100.77 times higher than that of control. According to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability and superoxide anion radical scavenging ability of ethanolic extracts from the fermented cereals, it was shown that the antioxidant properties of the cereals were significantly stronger than that of control after fermented by ABM. The improvement degrees of sorghum in DPPH radical scavenging capacity and superoxide anion radical scavenging ability were the highest, the improvement degrees of wheat in reducing power and ferrous ion chelating ability were the highest.  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混贮发酵品质和营养成分分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

葛剑  杨翠军  杨志敏  白雪梅  赵海香  刘贵河 《草业学报》2015,24(4):104-113

以新鲜及晾晒后的紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦为原料,分别设计紫花苜蓿单贮、裸燕麦单贮、裸燕麦∶紫花苜蓿=1∶1、裸燕麦∶紫花苜蓿=2∶1及裸燕麦∶紫花苜蓿=1∶2混贮等5个处理,青贮60 d后,对其感官评分、发酵品质和营养成分等进行分析。结果表明,鲜贮苜蓿在感官评定、V-Score及Kaiser评价体系中表现一般,而晾晒及混合青贮各处理组均能不同程度提高青贮评分。晾晒和混合青贮对发酵品质产生影响,两者显著或极显著降低pH值、 PA(丙酸)、AA(乙酸)、BA(丁酸)和AN/TN(氨态氮/总氮)含量(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),显著或极显著升高LA(乳酸)含量(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),其中以裸燕麦∶紫花苜蓿=2∶1降低或升高最明显。晾晒对青贮饲料的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物及粗灰分含量具有显著或极显著影响(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),对其他养分含量影响不大(P>0.05)。混合比例对青贮饲料的所有发酵项目均有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对粗蛋白质、可溶性碳水化合物及中性洗涤纤维含量具有显著或极显著影响(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),对其他养分指标影响不显著(P>0.05)。晾晒和混合青贮的交互作用可显著提高青贮饲料的发酵品质,但对养分含量影响不明显。因此,从青贮后感官评价、发酵品质及养分含量来看,紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混合青贮品质优于单独青贮,且晾晒相对于鲜贮更易于青贮,而无论晾晒和鲜贮,当裸燕麦∶紫花苜蓿=2∶1时,青贮品质均优于其他各组。  相似文献   

蜥蜴对内蒙古典型草原群落多样性和地上生物量的影响     

杨涵越  聂梅  黄永梅  张景慧 《草地学报》2015,23(2):246-251

为研究蜥蜴(Phrynocephalus frontalis)活动对内蒙古典型草原群落多样性、地上生物量、群落结构、生活型组成以及优势种生物量的影响,于2012年6月和8月在内蒙古毛登牧场围封草场内布设有蜥蜴样地和对照样地,进行样方调查和生物量取样.结果表明:与对照样地相比,蜥蜴样地6月的Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度显著降低,8月Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度和物种丰富度均显著低于对照样地;蜥蜴样地的群落生物量在6月和8月分别比对照样地高68.85和111 g·m^-2;在功能群水平,蜥蜴样地一年生植物和多年生禾草的生物量比例比对照样地增加了19.1%和11.0%,而多年生杂类草生物量比例降低了19.8%;在物种水平,蜥蜴样地羊草(Leymus chinensis)生物量的比例在生长季节初期达到了75.0%.可见在内蒙古典型草原,蜥蜴干扰可使一年生植物和多年生禾草的生物量比例增加,而使多年生杂类草的物种数和生物量比例显著降低;蜥蜴干扰显著促进了羊草的生长;同时会降低群落的物种多样性,提高地上生物量.  相似文献   

添加黑麦草饲粮对鹅肉脂肪酸组成的影响     

冯德庆  黄勤楼  黄秀声  陈钟佃  钟珍梅 《草地学报》2015,23(6):1323-1328

本研究旨在观察饲粮中添加不同比例多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam)对鹅肉脂肪酸组成影响,揭示牧草摄食量与鹅肉α-亚麻酸(ALA)相对含量之间的关系。选用50羽14日龄长乐灰鹅,分成5个处理,饲养期60 d。各处理饲粮中黑麦草干物质比例分别为: 0.00%(CK),5.42%,11.92%,19.52%和27.24%。结果表明:随着饲粮中黑麦草比例的提高,鹅肉ALA相对含量显著增加,试验各组分别比对照组增加了86.90%,197.24%(P<0.05),393.10%(P<0.05)和304.83%(P<0.05);PUFA/SFA显著上升(P<0.05);n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA显著下降(P<0.05)。鹅肉ALA相对含量与饲粮中黑麦草比例的曲线回归模型方程为:y=0.270+0.106x-0.002x²(F=22.99^**)。当饲粮中黑麦草的干物质比例在0%～26.50%时,鹅肉ALA的含量呈上升趋势;当黑麦草的比例超过26.50%时,鹅肉ALA的含量转而呈下降趋势。说明黑麦草中的ALA能够通过摄食消化过程沉积到鹅肉中。  相似文献   

龙竹秆材化学成分分析     

成聃睿  史正军  刘瑞华  郑志锋  刘蔚漪  辉朝茂  邓佳 《西北林学院学报》2015,30(4):236-239

龙竹是具有较高开发利用价值的大型丛生竹种。通过对龙竹秆材化学成分分析测定,可以考察其作为制浆造纸原料的可行性。结果表明,龙竹秆材综纤维素含量高,木质素含量相对较低,可满足纸浆工业对原料的基本要求,属于优良的制浆造纸原料,值得在气候适宜的地区推广种植。由于龙竹秆材灰分含量和苯醇抽出物含量较高,且在各部位间分布差异较大,在以龙竹为原料生产化学浆时,应该尽量将不同部位的竹材分开处理,并适当增加蒸煮时化学药品的用量或适当延长蒸煮时间。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,whole body composition and fatty acid composition of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)          下载免费PDF全文

Aimin Wang  Wenping Yang  Yonglong Shen  Guangming Han  Fu Lv  Yebing Yu  Jintian Huang  Jiahong Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2819-2828

We evaluated the effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth, whole body composition and fatty acid composition of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Triplicate groups of 120 juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio (average weight: 2.05 g) were fed four isonitrogenic diets formulated with lipid levels of 1.4% (low), 6.1% (control), 11.6% (medium) and 21.1% (high) for 60 days. Weight gain in the 11.6% lipid group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio decreased and protein efficiency ratio increased (P > 0.05) as dietary lipid levels increased. N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not detected in faeces. The whole body lipid contents of 11.6% and 21.1% lipid level groups were significantly higher than that of the 1.4% and 6.1% lipid level groups (P < 0.05). The content of whole body n‐3 PUFA in the 21.1% lipid level group enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). The whole body contents of eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the 21.1% lipid level group were the highest (P < 0.05). These results indicated that high dietary lipid levels (21.1%) inhibit weight gain and promoted fat and n‐3 PUFA deposition in juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio, which led to liver damage. A dietary lipid level of 11.6% was determined to be optimal for growth performance of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio.  相似文献   

蝟实的研究开发与利用进展     

柏国清  陈智坤  李为民  李思锋 《中国农学通报》2015,31(10):39-43

蝟实是中国特有的忍冬科单种属濒危植物,目前主要用于观赏园艺。通过野外生境调查、系统收集蝟实研究文献的基础上,总结了蝟实的繁殖技术,主要依靠无性繁殖和有性繁殖。简述了蝟实红色花瓣和白色花瓣的色素含量和色素成分。归纳了蝟实生态群落的特征、栽培技术及濒危原因。提出建立保护区、迁地保护、加强环境教育3种措施加强对蝟实的保护。认为今后加强种群数量的时空动态方面的研究,从种群的分布格局、发育规律以及年龄结构等方面对种群未来的趋势进行科学的预测。加强蝟实群体的遗传多样性水平和种群的遗传结构的研究,探索蝟实的进化潜能以及同环境相适应的关系。  相似文献   

Investigating the underlying mechanisms of temperature‐related skin diseases in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., as measured by quantitative histology,skin transcriptomics and composition          下载免费PDF全文

L B Jensen  S Boltana  A Obach  C McGurk  R Waagb  S MacKenzie 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(11):977-992

  相似文献   

利用小麦90K SNP芯片研究泰山22的遗传组成     

王瑞霞  翟晓灵  李玉刚  牟秋焕  孙盈盈  孙宪印  米勇  吕广德  盖红梅  钱兆国 《中国农业科技导报》2022,24(4):21-29

为探索育种选择对小麦基因组的影响,利用小麦90KSNP芯片分析了鲁麦18(母本)和鲁麦14(父本)对泰山22的遗传贡献率.结果表明,鲁麦18对泰山22号的贡献略大于鲁麦14,遗传贡献率分别为51.87％和48.13％.父母本在染色体间的遗传贡献率存在较大差异,父本鲁麦14贡献率超过50％的染色体有1A、1B、2A、3B...  相似文献   

Dietary phosphorus requirement of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater     

H. Wen  F. Wu  W. Liu  J. Tian  C.G. Yang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(3):273-280

A study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of dietary available phosphorus for GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Six purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0 (control diet), 2.9, 4.8, 7.6, 9.1 and 10.9 g kg^?1 diet) of available phosphorus. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 12 fish with initial average weight (46.03 ± 2.14) g for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish fed the three lowest phosphorus diets (0, 2.9 and 4.8 g kg^?1) had significantly lower weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish fed the control diet was significantly lower than that of the fish fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Whole body viscerosomatic index and crude lipid content decreased significantly with increasing dietary available phosphorus levels (P < 0.05), while the contents of crude ash, calcium, phosphorus in the whole body and vertebrae showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). The blood chemistry analysis showed that dietary available phosphorus had significant effects on serum phosphorus concentration, enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone level. Quadratic curve analysis based on SGR indicated that the minimum dietary requirement of available phosphorus for maintaining optimal growth of tilapia was 8.6 g kg^?1.  相似文献