远海梭子蟹成熟卵巢和早期胚胎的脂类成分比较研究     

周波  吴旭干  丰浪  成永旭  杨筱珍  刘智俊 《上海水产大学学报》2011,(6)

测定和比较了远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)成熟卵巢和早期胚胎的水分、总脂、脂类组成和脂肪酸含量,结果表明:早期胚胎的水分含量显著大于成熟卵巢,但后者总脂/组织湿重含量显著小于前者,两者的总脂/组织干重并无显著差异;甘油三酰和磷脂含量在早期胚胎与成熟卵巢之间并不存在显著差异,但是早期胚胎中的游离脂肪酸和胆固醇含量均显著高于成熟卵巢,这可能是胚胎发育过程中脂类物质被水解成游离脂肪酸、胆固醇和甘油等物质;就脂肪酸组成而言,两者中均检测出27种已知脂肪酸,仅15∶0、14∶1n7、20∶1n7和18∶3n3 4种脂肪酸的含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),16∶0、18:0、16∶1n7、18∶1n9、20∶5n3和22∶6n3为成熟卵巢和早期胚胎中的主要的脂肪酸种类,其中n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA和20∶5n3/22∶6n3分别为3.5和0.7。  相似文献   

Large‐scale heterogeneous cattle grazing affects plant diversity and forage value of Alpine species‐rich Nardus pastures     

G. Parolo  T. Abeli  F. Gusmeroli  G. Rossi 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(4):541-550

In Europe, the decline in agriculture in traditional mountain farming areas has caused abandonment, or irregular grazing, of less accessible pastures. In the Italian Alps, we studied plant diversity, forage value and trophic traits in six large‐scale heterogeneously grazed Nardus pastures, in their central and peripheral parts, and across the montane, lower and upper subalpine zones. Seventy cover‐abundance floristic relevés were performed in randomly located permanent plots, half at the pasture edge (M‐plots) and half in their central part (C‐plots). Plant diversity varied significantly with respect to the distance from the edge, being higher in M‐plots because of shrub invasion as a consequence of reduced cattle pressure. Nardus cover was slightly higher in C‐plots and negatively related to plant diversity. Forage value was lower in M‐plots and negatively correlated with the cover of Nardus and woody species, implying that different grazing pressure was negatively influencing sward productivity. Differences in trophic traits of swards between C‐ and M‐plots existed mostly as trends. Forage value significantly decreased in the lower subalpine and montane pastures, which are further grazed in late summer. Heterogeneous grazing management was therefore exerting positive effects on plant diversity and negative effects on forage value. Results are discussed in the context of future management recommendations.  相似文献   

Gas composition of baled grass silage as influenced by the amount,stretch, colour and type of plastic stretch‐film used to wrap the bales,and by the frequency of bale handling     

J. McEniry  P. D. Forristal  P. O’Kiely 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(2):277-289

The effectiveness of the polyethylene stretch‐film barrier to air infiltration is the major factor affecting the preservation of silage in bales. Three separate experiments investigated the effects of the number of layers of stretch‐film cover, film colour, stretch extent, film type and frequency of bale handling on gas composition, surface mould growth and conservation characteristics of baled grass silages. Monitoring gas composition in bales during ensiling proved useful for assessing the success with which wrapped bales were stored anaerobically. Under good storage conditions the early stages of ensiling were characterized by the rapid reduction of O₂ concentration in the bale and the creation of a CO₂‐rich environment. However, wrapping bales in only two layers of stretch‐film failed to create the anaerobic conditions required for a successful fermentation and the inhibition of visible fungal growth. In contrast, a minimum of four layers of stretch‐film were required to achieve suitably anaerobic conditions, but the additional benefits of applying more layers were relatively small. Under temperate climatic conditions with moderate solar radiation, film colour had little effect on the gas composition in baled silage. Likewise, the extent of stretching applied to the film at wrapping and film type had no influence on gas composition, baled silage quality or mould development. However, frequent mechanical handling of bales after wrapping had a negative effect on gas composition and surface mould growth, and thus should be kept to a minimum.  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultivars     

J. G. Foster  K. A. Cassida  M. A. Sanderson 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(3):424-433

Palatability and anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) forage are influenced by the sesquiterpene lactones lactucin (LAC), 8‐deoxylactucin (DOL) and lactucopicrin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition vary during the growing season. Three forage chicory cultivars (Puna, Forage Feast and Lacerta) grown in West Virginia and Pennsylvania (USA) were managed during two consecutive years to maintain plants in the vegetative stage, and sesquiterpene lactones in leaves were quantified after each growth interval. Cultivars differed in the total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones and in the proportions of LAC and DOL. Total sesquiterpene lactone concentration generally decreased or remained constant during the season, but the specific response depended on the cultivar. Differences in seasonal patterns between years corresponded with unusual climatic conditions. The three cultivars had similar concentrations of DOL in the spring. Forage Feast provided a dramatically lower concentration of DOL during the summer. Uniformly high concentrations of DOL across the growing season in Puna and Lacerta make these cultivars attractive for use in bioactive pastures for control of Haemonchus contortus. Changes in both sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition during the season result in large variations in forage bitterness.  相似文献   

Short rotation willow coppice biomass as an industrial and energy feedstock     

Mariusz J. StolarskiStefan Szczukowski  Józef TworkowskiHanna Wróblewska  Micha? Krzy?aniak 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):217-223

In order to increase the yield of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on agricultural land and to improve the biomass quality as an industrial and energy feedstock, particular consideration should be devoted to proper location and to the cultivation of woody plants. This paper presents the yield of five new cultivars of willow coppice and the relationship between the chemical composition of biomass and the plant harvest cycle. The Tur cultivar has been shown to have the highest mean productivity of 21.5 t of d.m. ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In a three-year harvest cycle, the cultivar also gave biomass with the highest cellulose:lignin ratio (2.14). The significantly highest yield of dry biomass from the cultivars under study (20.5 t of d.m. ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) was achieved in a three-year harvest cycle. It was lower by 3.4% on average in a two-year harvest cycle and lower by 17.2% in a one-year harvest cycle as compared to a three-year cycle. As the harvest cycle was extended, the biomass quality in terms of its chemical composition improved. The biomass obtained in a three-year cycle contained the highest amount of cellulose (44.6% of d.m.) and the lowest amount of lignin (21.8% of d.m.). The results indicate that the agrotechnical factors, including the cultivar and the harvest cycle, affect not only the yield, but also the qualitative features of short rotation coppice willow biomass.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of various parts of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans)     

Pramila TamunaiduShiro Saka 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(3):1423-1428

The current study was initiated to characterize various parts of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) to establish whole utilization of this biomass as potential raw material for fuels and chemicals. Nipa consisting of frond, shell, husk and leaf was chemically characterized for cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, protein, extractives and inorganic constituents for its each part. The total chemical composition showed that the cellulose and hemicellulose contents were in the range of 28.9-45.6 wt% and 21.8-26.4 wt%, respectively. The hemicellulose was rich with glucuronoxylan. The lignin content was 19.4-33.8 wt% with the highest lignin content found in leaf. The alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products showed that nipa palm lignin mainly consists of guaiacyl and syringyl propane units with a small amount of p-hydroxyphenylpropane unit. Besides the main chemical components, starch, protein and extractives were also present in significant amounts from 2 to 8 wt%. Additionally, the ash content was high from 5.1 to 11.7 wt%, consisting of the major inorganic elements being Na, K and Cl with minor inorganic elements of Mg, Ca, Si, P, S and Al. Overall, each part of the nipa palm has its individual superior characteristics and could be exploited as lignocellulosic resources for fuels and chemicals.  相似文献   

奥尼罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析和营养价值评定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

肖炜  祝璟琳  李大宇  邹芝英  韩珏  杨弘  乐贻荣 《中国农学通报》2015,31(11):88-93

为了解奥尼罗非鱼肌肉营养价值,用常规方法分析奥尼罗非鱼肌肉中营养成分组成与含量。结果显示,奥尼罗非鱼肌肉中水分含量为77.90%,蛋白质为18.70%,粗脂肪为2. 65%,灰分含量为1.09%。肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸(除色氨酸),总量为16.90%（占鲜样%）,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为67.68,基本符合FAO/WHO的标准。根据AAS的评分标准得出,奥尼罗非鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸)。而CS的评分结果表明奥尼罗非鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸),苏氨酸为第二限制性氨基酸。此外,鲜味氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)含量较高占氨基酸总量的39.11%?。通过研究表明奥尼罗非鱼是一种味道鲜美、食用价值与保健作用较高的鱼类。  相似文献   

气相色谱法鉴别橄榄油掺伪的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张青龄 《粮食储藏》2014,43(4):36-38

应用气相色谱法分析测定橄榄油的脂肪酸组成,揭示橄榄油脂肪酸特征,并研究其掺入菜籽油、花生油、大豆油或精炼橄榄油时脂肪酸的变化规律,为橄榄油的掺伪鉴别提供参考依据。  相似文献   

不同 LED 光源对乌塌菜光合特性及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈祥伟  刘世琦  冯磊  刘景凯  薛小艳 《华北农学报》2014,(Z1)

以菊花小八叶乌塌菜品种为试验材料,利用LED精量调制光源,设红光、蓝光、红／蓝（3／1）、红／蓝（7／1）、白／红／蓝（3／2／1）5个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对乌塌菜光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明：叶绿素含量以红／蓝（7／1）处理最高,且叶绿素总量与红／蓝光比值呈正相关;光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均以红光处理最高,而蓝光处理下有较高的胞间CO2浓度;不同光质处理对乌塌菜的荧光参数有较大影响,白光的Fm／Fo、Fv／Fo和ΦPSⅡ均最大;红光可以提高可溶性糖含量而蓝光却能提高可溶性蛋白含量,白光能增加维生素C含量。综合分析得出,红／蓝（7／1）有利于增加光合色素含量,提高光合速率和营养品质。  相似文献   

Use of the N-alkanes to Estimate Intake,Apparent Digestibility and Diet Composition in Sheep Grazing on Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe          下载免费PDF全文

HU Hong-lian  LIU Yong-zhi  LI Ya-kui  LU De-xun  GAO Min 《农业科学学报》2014,13(5):1065-1072

The application of n-alkane as markers to estimate herbage intake, apparent digestibility and species composition of diet consumed by grazing sheep was studied. Six local Mongolian sheep were used to determine dry matter (DM) intake, apparent DM digestibility and species composition of diet during summer, autumn and winter. Animals were orally dosed twice daily with n-alkane gelatin capsules containing 60 mg C₃₂-alkane as an external marker. Diet composition was estimated by comparing the odd-chain n-alkanes pattern profile (C₂₇-C₃₁) of the consumed plant species with the n-alkanes fecal concentrations of grazing animals, using a non-negative least squares algorithm called EATWHAT software package. The alkane pair C₃₂:C₃₃ and C₃₃ alkane were used to estimate DM intake and diet apparent DM digestibility, respectively. The results showed that daily dry matter intake of the sheep were 1.77, 1.61 and 1.18 kg d⁻¹ in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Apparent DM digestibility, crude protein (CP), metabolizable energy (ME) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake of diet consumed by sheep decreased significantly (P<0.01) from summer to winter, with no evident changes in ADF and ADL intake. Diet composition indicated Artemisia frigida Willd was the most dominant diet component, contributed 79.68, 68.12 and 86.26% of sheep's diets in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Cleistogenes songorica Ohwi and Convolvulus ammannii Desr were the important components of the diet. Although Stipa breviflora Griseb is one of the main plant species in the study area, the sheep rarely choosed it. The study indicated that CP and ME in diet consumed by sheep were deficient in winter. Therefore, appropriate supplementation strategies should be indispensable during this period.  相似文献