诺氟沙星在金鳟体内的药物代谢动力学研究     

陈琛  卢彤岩  王荻  李绍戊 《水产学杂志》2011,24(4):25-28,58

实验水温为15±2℃,金鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）（平均体质量100±10g）单剂量肌肉注射30.0 mg/kg诺氟沙星后,应用高效液相色谱（HPCL）法于0.15,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,4,6,8,12,24,48,72 h测定了鱼血浆、肝脏和肾脏组织中药物的浓度,研究了诺氟沙...  相似文献   

Effect of diets containing laurel seed oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss          下载免费PDF全文

S. Dernekbaşı  İ. Karayücel  A.P. Akyüz 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(2):219-227

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with laurel seed oil (LSO), as an alternative plant lipid source in diets on the growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 111.47 ± 0.2 g mean individual weight). At the end of the feeding trial, survival was 100% in all treatments. No significant differences were seen in growth between the dietary groups (P > 0.05). The protein, lipid and ash contents were not significantly different among the groups (P > 0.05); however, there was a significant difference in protein and ash content between the treatment groups and the initial, and between the 50LSO group and the initial group, respectively (P < 0.05). The viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) values were not affected by increasing LSO percentages in the diets. The n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration increased with increasing LSO levels in the diets. In contrast, the n‐3 PUFA levels decreased with increasing LSO levels in the diets. The liver and muscle were used for the analysis of fatty acids. The highest level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations was recorded in fillet of fish fed the FO diet and the lowest in those fed the 50LSO diet. However, EPA and DHA ratios in the liver of fish fed the 75LSO diet were higher than those in fillet of fish fed the FO and 50LSO diets. No significant differences were seen in fatty acid composition between the dietary groups (P > 0.05). Based on the results of growth performance and fatty acid composition of the experimental fish in this study, it can be concluded that the 75% concentration of laurel seed oil performed best among the diets tested in the experiment.  相似文献   

Processing of astaxanthin‐rich Haematococcus cells for dietary inclusion and optimal pigmentation in Rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss L.          下载免费PDF全文

A.J. Young  J. Pritchard  D. White  S. Davies 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1304-1311

A range of physical cell disruption techniques have been evaluated to aid the processing of astaxanthin‐rich haematocysts of Haematococcus pluvialis for inclusion in salmonid feeds. Cell disruption by a scalable pressure treatment system was shown to be effective in breaking open the haematocysts without altering the content or isomeric composition of carotenoids in the algal cells. Storage of disrupted cells was optimal at ?20°C in the dark under nitrogen. Disrupted cells were spray‐dried, incorporated into commercial diets and fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.). A marketable level of pigmentation in fish muscle was achieved after 10‐week dietary supplementation. The geometric and optimal isomer composition of the astaxanthin deposited in the muscle was nearly identical to that seen in Haematococcus. Changes were observed in the chirality of the astaxanthin deposited in the skin in comparison with that isolated from both the white muscle and the alga.  相似文献   

鲁氏耶尔森菌qPCR快速检测方法的建立和应用     

张枭  李绍戊  王荻  曹永生  卢彤岩 《中国水产科学》2017,24(6):1254-1260

鲁氏耶尔森菌(Yersinia ruckeri)是导致虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肠炎红嘴病的病原。本研究以鲁氏耶尔森菌毒力因子rup A基因为靶标设计1对特异性引物,以含有rup A基因部分序列的重组质粒为标准品构建标准曲线,优化建立检测鲁氏耶尔森菌的SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对腹腔注射鲁氏耶尔森菌菌悬液的虹鳟肝、肾、脾、血液样品进行检测。结果显示,设计的引物具有良好的种间特异性,标准曲线线性方程为y=–3.3766x+40.012(R~2=0.9958);最低检测限为57 copy/μL,较常规PCR的灵敏度高出约100倍。应用检测结果表明,本方法可准确检测被鲁氏耶尔森菌感染的虹鳟样品。研究表明,所建立的qPCR方法具有特异、灵敏、快速、定量的优点,可用于快速诊断虹鳟肠炎红嘴病早期病症及定量检测鲁氏耶尔森菌。  相似文献   

The effect of postprandial changes in pH along the gastrointestinal tract on the distribution of ions between the solid and fluid phases of chyme in rainbow trout     

C. BUCKING  & C.M. WOOD 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(3):282-296

An area of emerging importance is the role that the diet can play in alleviating the demands for ion uptake in fish living in a freshwater environment, by providing a highly concentrated supply of electrolytes. The availability of ions for uptake from the diet likely requires dissolution in the fluid phase of the chyme. However, the distribution of ions between the fluid and solid phases of chyme has not been well‐characterized in fish, and little is known about the effects of location along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or about the pH gradients found therein, on this distribution. Hence, the pH and ionic concentrations (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, in both fluid and solid phases) of the chyme in each GI tract section were measured at various time points during the digestion of a single meal of commercial pellets in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the presence of an inert reference marker (lead‐glass beads) in the diet was used to quantify the distribution of these ions between the solid and fluid phases of the chyme. The buffering capacity of the food was evident in the acidic stomach (ST), whereas the intestine provided an alkaline environment for further digestion. It appeared that pH had little influence on the distribution of the monovalent ions between the phases in all GI tract sections. However, the ST showed significant changes in the partitioning of both Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, with each mineral becoming highly dissolved as the gastric chyme pH decreased. This was followed by subsequent precipitation of both minerals in the alkaline environment of the intestine. The high degree of dissolution of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the fluid phase of gastric chyme corresponded with large absorptive rates from the ST seen previously, however, this was not true of the monovalent ions.  相似文献   

虹鳟染色体C显带技术的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛淑群  尹洪滨 《水产学杂志》2009,22(2):17-19

采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素,肾细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的染色体.对其肾细胞染色体数目统计分析表明,虹鳟染色体组有60条染色体,核型公式为2n=34m+10sm+16st,t,其染色体总臂数(NF)为104.虹鳟的染色体C带类型为着丝粒C带,多数染色体的着丝点区均显示出一个深浅不同的C带.  相似文献   

传染性造血器官坏死病毒表面糖蛋白基因核酸疫苗的构建及对虹鳟血液生化指标的影响          下载免费PDF全文

何琦瑶  魏文燕  汪开毓  刘家星 《水产学报》2019,43(8):1830-1838

为研究传染性造血器官坏死病毒(infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV)表面糖蛋白(glycoprotein, G)基因核酸疫苗对虹鳟免疫保护效果及血液生化指标的影响,将IHNV G基因克隆至pMD19-T载体中,连接产物在DH5α中进行转化,获取重组质粒pMD19-TG后回收G基因片段。将鉴定正确的G基因片段利用Bam H I和Xho I酶切位点克隆在真核表达载体pVAX1上,构建核酸疫苗pVAX1-G。重组质粒pVAX1-G按照8μg/尾的剂量注射虹鳟设为pVAX1-G组,同时设8μg/尾空质粒组、PBS对照组和空白组,于免疫后21 d,以100倍半数组织培养感染剂量(tissue culture infective dose, TCID50)通过腹腔注射的方式进行攻毒实验,计算核酸疫苗相对保护率(relative percent survival, RPS),攻毒后收集免疫虹鳟血清进行血液指标检测。结果显示,攻毒后虹鳟血清中16项指标中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、葡萄糖(GLU)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(CREA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLO)与正常虹鳟相比有显著变化,空载组11项指标较pVAX1-G组变化显著;攻毒后14 d pVAX1-G组累积死亡率为19%(19/100),而空载组和PBS对照组分别为62%(62/100)和85%(85/100)。pVAX1-G核酸疫苗对虹鳟免疫保护率为78%。病理学观察发现,免疫pVAX1-G组虹鳟的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织未见明显损伤。综上表明,pVAX1-G作为核酸疫苗有助于减轻IHNV对虹鳟的损伤,对IHNV有较好的免疫保护效果。  相似文献