Can the presence of a large conspecific improve the production and welfare of groups of smaller self‐feeder competent rainbow trout?     

Matthew J. Flood  Chris Noble  Rem Kagaya  Mitsuo Tabata 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1620-1627

This study examined the production and welfare effects of including a large self‐feeder competent rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (~665 g) in groups of smaller self‐feeder competent conspecifics (~234 g). Costs and benefits were examined for both welfare (aggression, fin damage, condition and mortality) and production (self‐feeder utilization and growth). The 8‐week experiment used six groups of small trout; three treatment groups containing a large trout and three control groups. After 4 weeks the large fish were removed from treatment groups and added to control groups, thus reversing the treatments. Whilst it was thought that the presence of a larger fish would suppress aggression in smaller conspecifics this did not occur. In fact aggression was significantly (P = 0.036) higher when large trout were present during the first 4 weeks. No significant differences were found between other welfare indicators, self‐feeder utilization or production parameters. From a production and welfare perspective these results suggest that with the exception of initially increasing aggression larger fish do not represent a significant benefit or risk to smaller conspecifics being cultured in self‐feeder equipped tanks, when all fish are self‐feeder competent.  相似文献   

棉粕及脱毒棉粕替代鱼粉对虹鳟生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响     

付熊  吴晗冰  刘行彪  杨雨虹 《淡水渔业》2012,(4):35-39,58

用不同比例棉粕(CM)及FeSO4处理的脱毒棉粕(CM+Fe)替代饲料中0(CM0,对照组)、10%(CM10)、20%(CM20)、30%(CM30)、50%(CM50)、70%(CM70)和50%(CM50+Fe)、70%(CM70+Fe)的鱼粉,配置成8种等氮等能的饲料,喂养(9.79±0.13)g的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)10周,每组设3个重复,研究棉粕及脱毒棉粕对虹鳟生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。结果显示:(1)对照组虹鳟增重率(WG)与CM10～CM50以及CM50+Fe组之间差异不显著,CM70组增重率、蛋白质效率(PER)与其他各组相比显著降低,饲料系数(FCR)显著升高。(2)各试验组虹鳟全鱼和肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分与对照组差异不显著;CM0～CM70组肌肉中游离棉酚含量也逐渐增加,CM50+Fe和CM70+Fe组肌肉游离棉酚含量显著低于CM50和CM70组。(3)CM70和CM70+Fe组谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶活性与对照组相比显著升高,CM10～CM50和CM50+Fe组与对照组差异不显著,血清甘油三酯含量逐渐升高,血糖含量与总蛋白含量逐渐降低。结果表明,棉粕替代鱼粉的适宜比例为19.62%。  相似文献   

Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defences as indicators of different disinfectants exposure in the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum)          下载免费PDF全文

Halyna Tkachenko  Natalia Kurhaluk  Joanna Grudniewska 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(3):679-689

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of different disinfectants' treatment using in aquaculture on the oxidative stress biomarkers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS) and carbonyl derivatives of protein oxidative modification, as well as antioxidant defences [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the heart tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the disinfectants exposure, fish were treated to chloramine‐T (final concentration 10 g m^?3), chloride dioxide (5 g m^?3), formalin (200 mL m^?3) and CIP disinfectant based on peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (16 mL m^?3) for 20 min and repeated three times every 3 days. Both chlorine dioxide and formalin treatment was indicated by a significant increase in the level of heart TBARS levels and carbonyl derivatives content and decreased SOD activity. Tissue oxidative stress biomarkers were unchanged upon chloramine‐T or CIP disinfectant exposure. Increased oxidative stress could modify antioxidant defences, principally causing increased CAT activity in the heart tissue of formalin‐ or ClO₂^?‐exposed fish. The correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and GPx activity indicates that enzymes related to glutathione metabolism were responsible to formalin or ClO₂^?‐induced oxidative stress. Hence, TBARS, carbonyl derivatives and antioxidant defences could be used as biomarkers in evaluating the toxicity of formalin and chlorine dioxide using as disinfectants to trout.  相似文献   

金鳟骨骼系统解剖观察   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙金辉  乔秀亭  白东清  闫珊珊  刘珈 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(26):14451-14454

采用常规煮沸剥离方法对金鳟骨骼系统的组成进行观察,得到了金鳟的完整骨骼标本和单个骨骼标本。结果表明：金鳟由353块骨骼组成,其中主轴骨骼277块,附肢骨骼76块。筛骨区发达,其中围眶骨6对,各围眶骨中皆有感觉管穿过。牙齿在口咽腔中分布很广,捕食能力强。金鳟的躯干部由150块骨骼组成,体型侧扁,背鳍基部短,在背鳍之后还有1个小脂鳍。附肢骨骼中无坚硬的鳍棘出现。附肢骨骼中的腰带,构造非常简单,仅为1块三角形骨板,起到承重的功能。  相似文献   

虹鳟（♀）×山女鳟（♂）杂交种胚胎及仔鱼发育的研究     

陈术强  张玉勇  贾智英  鲍宝龙  龚小玲 《上海海洋大学学报》2010,(6):756-762

利用人工繁育技术对虹鳟(♀)(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和山女鳟(♂)(Oncorhynchus masou masou)进行了种间杂交实验,并对杂交胚胎和仔鱼的发育进行了观察,通过观察,详细描述了其胚胎发育和仔鱼发育各个阶段的发育时序和形态特征。结果表明:在水温为4.3-9.2℃的条件下,杂交受精卵的有效发育积温达到206.01℃·d发眼,完成胚胎发育所需的有效积温为387.44℃·d,杂交鳟的胚胎发育速度介于双亲之间;初孵仔鱼,全身透明,血液循环和心跳清晰可见,肛突明显,背鳍原基出现;破膜后20d,全长为21.25±1.40mm,此时约半数卵黄囊体积明显减小,可以看见背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍的出现;破膜后40d,个别发育较快的个体开始在水中游动,主动摄食;破膜后45d,卵黄囊基本吸收完全,仔鱼具有游泳能力,50d后几乎全部上浮。  相似文献   

虹鳟IL-17多克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定     

曹永生  徐黎明  赵景壮  刘淼  卢彤岩 《水产学杂志》2016,(6):1-5

本研究根据NCBI已发表序列设计引物,提取经植物血凝素刺激后的虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss头肾细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增IL-17成熟肽基因,测序结果表明所获得的序列与发表序列相一致。将该基因重组至原核表达载体pET32a中,并转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli Rosetta,进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明:目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达,大小约为32k Da,重组蛋白经Ni-NTA系统纯化、复性后纯度达90%以上,以其免疫小鼠制备虹鳟IL-17多克隆抗体。ELISA结果显示其效价为1∶25 600,而间接免疫荧光结果显示所制备的多克隆抗体能够特异性地识别真核细胞中瞬时表达的虹鳟IL-17。本研究成功制备虹鳟IL-17多克隆抗体,为下一步IL-17在虹鳟黏膜免疫中的作用及其佐剂效应研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

不同pH人工精浆对性逆转金鳟雄鱼精子活力的影响     

徐革锋  李永发  王炳谦  贾钟贺  陈玉春  杜佳  牟振波 《上海水产大学学报》2008,17(6)

研究了性逆转金鳟雄鱼（XX,伪雄鱼）精子在不同pH的人工精浆（ artificial seminal plasma,ASP）溶液中的活动情况。结果显示,随着pH的提高精子活力不断增强。伪雄鱼精子在不同ASP—pHs中培养1h后,pH9．5～10．5培养组精子活力超过正常雄鱼精子（XY）活力水平,且正常雄鱼精子与pH8．5～9．5培养组的精子活力不存在显著性差异（P〉0．05）。将金鳟伪雄鱼精液培育在pH8．5～10．5的ASP中,0～180min内,pH10．5中的精子寿命和激活比例都最佳,180min之后的精子寿命超过80s,激活比例在90％以上,显著好于其他pH组（P〈0．05）。在低温储藏12h后,正常雄鱼精子在ASP—pH10．5溶液中寿命时间最长,为（284．05±78．37）S,其次是同等稀释条件下的伪雄鱼精子寿命,其时间为（203．89±43．68）s,正常雄鱼精液原浆精子寿命最短,为（122．19±37．61）s。直接用金鳟伪雄鱼精液受精,发眼率和仔鱼上浮率仅为12．50％和8．77％,而通过pH10．5的ASP培养后,其发眼率和孵化率分别提高到了52％和49．95％。因此,在高pH的ASP中培养金鳟伪雄鱼精子能提高其活力和延长寿命。通过这种处理也能够显著的提高金鳟全雌和全雌三倍不育后代的育苗生产效率。  相似文献   

Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the over-ripening of rainbow trout eggs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F. Lahnsteiner 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,23(2):107-118

In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshly ovulated eggs and over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 7, 14 and 21 days were investigated in aspects of morphology, physiology and biochemistry. Egg viability was significantly reduced from 85.9±16.4% in freshly ovulated eggs to 25.1±21.9% in over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 21 days. Further during over-ripening in the ovarian fluid the pH significantly decreased, while the levels of proteins, of esterified and non esterified fatty acids and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and acid phosphatase significantly increased. Also egg parameters changed: the wet weight of the unhardened eggs increased, the weight increase during hardening and the levels of esterified and of non esterified fatty acids significantly decreased. In freshly ovulated eggs the yolk consisted of a homogenous mass and the perivitelline space was small, but in over-ripened eggs the yolk was non homogenous with numerous vesicular inclusions and the perivitelline space was enlarged. When freshly ovulated eggs were incubated in water the cortical reaction was detectable within 5 min, in over-ripened eggs hardly no extrusion of cortical vesicles was visible and the width of the perivitelline space was very irregular.For the investigated freshly ovulated and over-ripened samples the egg viability significantly correlated with ovarian fluid parameters (pH, protein, non esterified fatty acids, esterified fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatase) and egg parameters (weight increase during hardening, weight of the hardened eggs).  相似文献   

游离氨基酸对褐鳟和金鳟精子活力的影响     

程琳  徐革锋  黄天晴  谷伟  史秀兰  刘晨斌  王炳谦 《东北农业大学学报》2019,50(10)

为探究体外储存条件下游离氨基酸(FAA)对鳟鱼精子活力的影响,分析褐鳟(Salmo trutta)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精液中FAA组成,通过向人工精液保存液(ASP)中添加不同种类氨基酸孵育褐鳟和金鳟精子,孵育1、24、48、72和96 h后,研究FAA对精子活力的影响(定义为孵育后可激活活力)。结果表明,褐鳟精浆FAA主要为缬氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸及甲硫氨酸,其精子FAA主要为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸及丝氨酸。金鳟精浆和精子中主要FAA为精氨酸。当精子与精浆孵育48 h后,两种鱼的氨基酸含量与组成模式均发生变化,发生新陈代谢。丝氨酸、异亮氨酸及甲硫氨酸+异亮氨酸对两种鱼的精子活力有积极影响,在一定时间内能够通过添加可FAA延续精子活力,解决鳟鱼雌雄成熟不同步问题,提高受精效果,对鳟鱼苗种繁育及养殖具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Interactions between body mass and water temperature cause energetic bottlenecks in juvenile steelhead          下载免费PDF全文

Knut M. Myrvold  Brian P. Kennedy 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(3):373-383

Across taxa, it is generally accepted that there are fitness advantages to rapid growth early in life. For stream‐dwelling salmonids, however, high temperatures and associated energetic costs during the summer growing season might offset or even prevent the competitive advantage of large body size. Our overall objective was to understand the relative importance of factors that can cause variation in growth rates in an age‐0 cohort of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Idaho, USA, where temperatures approach, and temporarily exceed, their tolerance level. For individually tagged fish inhabiting the same stream reach, we found that growth rates were negatively related to fish mass (slopes of the two best approximating models were both ?0.024). Comparing growth rates from 16 different stream reaches throughout the watershed, we found that temperature‐induced metabolic cost was the single best approximating model (AIC w_i = 1.0) of the variation in individual growth rates. The bioenergetic model showed that mass‐specific metabolic costs decreased with mass, but the absolute energetic demands increased over the same size range. Because temperature had a multiplicative effect on metabolic cost, our results suggest that the effect of food limitation increased with fish size. We conclude that high water temperatures pose energetic bottlenecks and can be a potentially strong mechanism limiting growth in juvenile salmonids in summer, particularly as streams in the region experience warming trends.  相似文献