正反交奥尼罗非鱼形态性状差异及对体质量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

陈炳霖  肖炜  邹芝英  祝璟琳  李大宇  喻杰  杨弘  胡平各  马银花 《渔业科学进展》2020,41(3):94-102

为探究不同杂交方式奥尼罗非鱼形态性状对体质量的影响,对埃及尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)与"夏奥1号"奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromisco aureus)正反交子代奥尼罗非鱼群体开展体质量(BW)与全长(TL)、体长(SL)、头长(HL)、体高(BD)、尾柄长(CPL)、尾柄高(CPD)、体厚(BWD)共7个形态性状测定与分析,判断影响奥尼罗非鱼体质量的主要性状,并建立体质量多元回归方程;采用单因素相关性分析、复相关分析、主成分分析等多元分析方法,比较了正反交奥尼罗非鱼的形态差异。结果显示,正交奥尼罗非鱼群体全长、体高和尾柄高3个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-154.286+9.016XTL+10.065XBD+17.884XCPD;反交雌性奥尼罗非鱼群体全长和体高2个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-92.582+7.415XTL+8.727XBD;反交雄性奥尼罗非鱼群体体长和体高2个性状对体质量产生主要影响,回归方程为YBW=-120.299+8.661XSL+16.590XBD。主成分分析构建了2个主成分,第1主成分主要代表TS、BDS、CDS、BWS和HS形态特征,第2主成分主要代表BS和CLS形态特征,对PCA1和PCA2作散点图可将正交雄鱼与反交雌鱼有效区分。研究表明,不同杂交方式、不同性别的奥尼罗非鱼影响体质量的形态特征均存在差别,在亲鱼挑选及子代选育工作中,建议采用多性状综合选育的方式,以提高选育培养结果的准确性和稳定性。  相似文献   

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Taiwan     

Theeraporn Pulpipat  Kuo‐Hua Lin  Ying‐Hao Chen  Pei‐Chi Wang  Shih‐Chu Chen 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):643-655

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a causative agent of systemic granulomatous disease in tilapia. The present study was designed to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversities among Taiwanese Fno isolates obtained from tilapia (n = 17) and green Texas cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) (n = 1). The enzymatic profiles of the isolates were studied using the API ZYM system. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to determine the genotypic characters of all isolates. The phylogenetic tree showed similarity of 99%–100% nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes compared to the Fno references genes from GenBank database. Comparatively, the results revealed an identical profile of enzymatic and PFGE pattern which was distincted from that of F. philomiragia. To understand the pathogenicity, the isolates were intraperitoneal injected to tilapia the gross lesions were observed concomitant with natural outbreak. Median lethal dose upon Nile tilapia and red tilapia were 9.06 × 10³ CFU/fish and 2.08 × 10² CFU/fish, respectively. Thus, our data provide understanding the epidemiology of Taiwanese Fno isolates, and help in development of future control and prevention.  相似文献   

Molecular,biochemical and histopathological studies on the ameliorative effect of vitamin C on the renal and muscle tissues of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil     

Shaymaa H. Mohamed  Ebtihal M. M. EL‐Leithy  Rehab A. Ghandour  Mona K. Galal 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3357-3368

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil. A total of 120 tilapia fish were randomly divided into four equal groups according to dietary treatments applied for 3 weeks: group I (control); group II was exposed to engine oil; group III was exposed to engine oil and supplemented with vitamin C: and group IV was fed only a diet supplemented with vitamin C. According to our results, the group exposed to engine oil (II) showed an induced elevation of kidney function parameters, an upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA expression level, a reduction in antioxidant status (SOD, GSH) and severe abnormal histological and ultra‐structural changes in the head kidney, trunk kidney and muscle tissue. Supplementation of group III with vitamin C ameliorated the toxic effect induced by engine oil through improvement of kidney function parameters, elevation of the antioxidant status of tissue and improvement of the histological images of renal and muscle tissues. In conclusion, vitamin C has the ability to ameliorate engine oil oxidative stress toxicity in Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

Oreochromis niloticus aquaculture with biofloc technology,photoautotrophic conditions and Chlorella microalgae     

Yenitze E. Fimbres‐Acedo  Paola Magalln‐Servín  Rodolfo Garza‐Torres  Maurício G. C. Emerenciano  Rosalía Servín‐Villegas  Masato Endo  Kevin M. Fitzsimmons  Francisco J. Magalln‐Barajas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3323-3346

  相似文献   

Dietary supplementation of Tribulus terrestris extract improves growth and reproductive performances of the male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)     

Nader N. Hassona  Mohamed M. Zayed  Wael F. Eltras  Radi A. Mohamed 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):4245-4254

Effects of dietary supplementation of Tribulus terrestris (TT) and 17α‐methyl testosterone (MT) on growth performance and reproductive efficiency of male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (N = 75, initial weight 60 ± 3.251 g), were evaluated. Five experimental treatments in triplicate were fed on basal diet (30% crude protein) (control group, CG), basal diet containing 60 mg MT (MT group) and basal diet containing 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg diet TT (TT250, TT500 and TT750 groups), respectively, for consecutive 45 days. Results revealed that the fish received TT in diet showed better growth performance (final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, testes weight and gonadosomatic index) compared with MT and CG (p < .05), as well as for haemoglobin content and red blood cell count (p < .05). The highest level of testosterone, 11‐keto testosterone, sperm concentration and vitality was recorded in TT750 followed by TT500, TT250 and MT groups, while the lowest value was recorded in the CG (p < .05). The highest seminiferous tubule diameter was recorded in TT750 followed by TT500, TT250 and CG, while the lowest diameter was recorded in the MT group (p < .05). Fish received TT showed normal dilated seminiferous tubule filled with large amount of free sperms within their lumen in a dose related effect. In conclusion, male Nile tilapia dietary supplementation with different inclusions of Tribulus terrestris extract specially 500 and 750 mg/kg diet improves growth performance, health condition, semen quality and reproductive efficiency without any harmful effect on water quality.  相似文献   

Effects of α‐lipoic acid on growth performance,body composition,antioxidant profile and lipid metabolism of the GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed high‐fat diets     

Fangning Xu  Chang Xu  Shusheng Xiao  Maixin Lu  Samwel M. Limbu  Xiaodan Wang  Zhenyu Du  Jian G. Qin  Liqiao Chen 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):585-596

The wide use of lipid as a non‐protein energy substitute has led to lipid metabolic problems in cultured tilapia. Therefore, studies that reduce the effects of high‐fat diets in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) are required. This study evaluated the optimum level and effects of dietary α‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of GIFT tilapia. The basal diet (120 g/kg lipid) was supplemented with six concentrations of α‐LA at 0 (control), L300, L600, L900, L1200 and L2400 mg/kg diet to make the experimental diets, which were fed to GIFT tilapia juveniles (initial body weight: 0.48 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The weight gain of fish improved significantly in the L300 than other dietary treatments. The intraperitoneal fat index and lipid content of fish fed on the L2400 diet decreased significantly than those fed on the control diet. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in serum and liver were significantly higher in fish fed on the L300 diet than the control. The reduced GSH content of fish fed on the L300 in serum and liver was significantly higher than those fed on control diet. The malondialdehyde content in serum and liver was significantly lower in L300 than in the control. The adipose triglyceride lipase gene was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L2400, but the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 gene was down‐regulated in adipose. The liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein gene in the liver was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L300 and L600 diets. Moreover, the acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase gene in liver was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L300, L600, L900 and L1200 diets. Polynomial regression analysis indicated that 439–528 mg/kg α‐LA is an appropriate dosage in high‐fat diet to improve growth performance and relieve lipid oxidative damage by accelerating lipid catabolism and reducing lipid synthesis in GIFT tilapia.  相似文献   

尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼对亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫的生理功能响应     

肖炜  陈炳霖  祝璟琳  李大宇  邹芝英  喻杰  杨弘 《中国水产科学》2020,27(11):1305-1315

为了解亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫下尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生理功能变化,实验设置不同浓度亚硝酸盐氮（空白对照、0.03 mmol/L、0.06 mmol/L、0.12 mmol/L、0.23 mmol/L）,研究亚硝酸盐氮21 d胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼血液和肝脏组织的生理生化、代谢功能和非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,随着亚硝酸盐氮的浓度的提高,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼血液中白细胞数呈现略微上升的趋势,而红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度均呈现显著下降的趋势（P<0.05）;幼鱼血清中,葡萄糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和K⁺随着亚硝酸盐氮的增加浓度显著提高（P<0.05）,与此同时甘油三酯、总胆固醇、总蛋白、Na⁺和Cl^-浓度、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和免疫球蛋白浓度以及亚硝酸盐氮浓度表现出负相关的下降趋势（P<0.05）;肝脏组织中非特异性免疫因子HSP70、IL-1β、IL6和TNF-α随着亚硝酸盐氮的浓度增加表达量显著上升（P<0.05）,而LYS因子表达量则与之相反。研究表明,0.06~0.23 mmol/L亚硝酸盐氮长期胁迫下可导致罗非鱼幼鱼血液生理、代谢和免疫产生功能障碍,并影响肝组织的非特异性免疫基因表达。本研究结果有助于进一步了解亚硝酸根离子在罗非鱼体内的毒性机制,为建立罗非鱼养殖水质亚硝酸盐氮因子的安全阈值提供参考。  相似文献   

Beneficial effects on growth,haematic indicators,immune status,antioxidant function and gut health in Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by dietary administration of a multi‐strain probiotic     

Xianquan Chen  Zhihao Zhang  Jorge M. O. Fernandes  Yujie Gao  Peng Yin  Yongjian Liu  Lixia Tian  Shiwei Xie  Jin Niu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1369-1382

The present study was conducted to administer a commercial multi‐strain probiotic (MP), Yilibao (Bacillus velezensis:Bacillus cereus:Lactobacillus casei = 2:2:1), in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In terms of aerobic Bacillus spp. counts, we produced five diets containing 0, 0.34, 1.68, 3.36 and 6.72 g/kg of MP dry product (Control, T1, T2, T3, T4). Seven hundred and fifty tilapia juveniles (13.26 ± 0.01 g) distributed into 25 tanks in five replications were fed their diet for eight weeks. Results showed that fish fed T3 and T4 diets displayed significantly higher final body weight and weight gain (p < .05). Further, all MP‐treated fish exhibited remarkably decreased plasma lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides) (p < .05) and fish fed T3 and T4 diets displayed significantly higher plasma myeloperoxidase activity and complement C3 content (p < .05). Additionally, fish fed T3 and T4 diets exhibited significantly promoted total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione level and declined malondialdehyde content in the plasma and/or liver (p < .05). Moreover, significantly elevated chymotrypsin activity, villus height and intraepithelial lymphocytes counts were found in fish fed T3 and T4 diets (p < .05). As fish fed T3 and T4 diets surpassed the other treatments in growth, immune–antioxidative status and gut health, the recommended dose for tilapia is 3.36–6.72 g/kg.  相似文献   

木薯粉在罗非鱼饵料中的适口性研究     

田雪  孟晓林 《河北渔业》2010,(8):5-7

选择健康的吉富罗非鱼为试验鱼,比较不同水平木薯粉之间的诱食效果以及木薯粉与豆粕、次粉的适口性,评价木薯粉在罗非鱼饵料中的应用效果。结果表明,(1)40%、30%木薯粉组的诱食活性显著高于10%、20%木薯粉组(p0.01),40%与30%木薯粉之间没有显著差异(p0.05)。(2)罗非鱼对木薯粉与豆粕、次粉的适口性依次为豆粕木薯次粉。  相似文献   

小麦基础饲料添加木聚糖酶对尼罗罗非鱼肠道菌群的影响     

聂国兴  华雪铭  王俊丽  明红  宋东蓥  周洪琪 《水产学报》2009,33(5):805-812

以尼罗罗非鱼［体重(100.39±17.83) g］为实验对象,小麦基础饲料为对照,小麦基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的木聚糖酶(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)作为实验饲料。每个处理设5个重复,每个重复放养40尾雄性尼罗罗非鱼。饱食投喂,饲养78 d后测定尼罗罗非鱼肠道细菌总量,并对需氧菌和厌氧菌进行鉴定,旨在研究木聚糖酶调控肠道菌群、促进尼罗罗非鱼生长的机理。结果表明,0.10%组和0.15%组前肠需氧菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组中肠需氧菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组后肠需氧菌数量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。0.15%组前肠厌氧菌数量比对照组、0.05%组和0.10%组分别降低76.85%(P<0.05)、75.62%(P<0.05)、75.83%(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠厌氧菌数量显著低于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组后肠厌氧菌数量分别比对照组降低13.13%(P>0.05)、48.30%(P<0.05)、60.62%(P<0.05)。小麦基础饲料中添加木聚糖酶,主要影响需氧菌Ent.,Bac.和厌氧菌Bact.,Bif.,Lac.的组成比例。0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组前肠Ent.比例较对照组分别降低13.16%(P>0.05)、29.61%(P<0.05)、49.34%(P<0.05)。实验组前肠Bac.比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠、后肠Bac.比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.15%组前肠Lac.比例显著高于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。对照组前肠Bact.比例显著高于0.10%组和0.15%组(P<0.05)。实验组中肠Bif.组成比例较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。0.15%组中肠Lac.比例显著高于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠Bact.比例较对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。本研究认为,小麦基础饲料中添加木聚糖酶,可以调控尼罗罗非鱼肠道菌群,降低肠道致病菌Ent.和Bact.的组成比例,提高有益菌Bac.,Bif.和Lac.的组成比例。  相似文献