吡啶甲酸铬对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用和非特异性免疫功能的影响     

杨奇慧  谭北平  董晓慧  迟淑艳  刘泓宇  张伟 《中国饲料》2012,(1):26-32

本试验研究饲料不同水平吡啶甲酸铬对其生长、饲料利用,体成分、血液生化指标和非特异性免疫功能的影响。600尾吉富罗非鱼分为5个处理组,每个处理各设4个重复,每重复30尾鱼。每个处理铬添加量分别为0、0.4、0.8、1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,在0.38 m3玻璃纤维钢桶中用开放式流水养殖,饲养8周。结果表明,饲料中添加吡啶甲酸铬对吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特异生长率、饲料系数、蛋白效率及蛋白质沉积率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。当铬添加量为0～0.8 mg/kg时,随着添加量增加,可显著提高吉富罗非鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数(P<0.05),但对成活率和肝体比无显著影响(P>0.05);当饲料中添加为1.2 mg/kg～10.0 mg/kg时并未能进一步提高罗非鱼的生长和饲料利用。同时,铬添加水平为0～0.8 mg/kg,随着添加水平增加,显著提高吉富罗非鱼全鱼的蛋白质和磷含量(P<0.05),显著降低全鱼水分、脂肪和灰分含量(P<0.05),并显著提高吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白含量以及肝胰脏AKP、ACP和LZM的活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),但对血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量及肝胰脏T-SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加铬1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,除了显著降低肝胰脏AKP活性外(P<0.05),对血清生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合生长、饲料利用、体组成成分、血液生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性的影响结果表明,对于0.91～4.93 g吉富罗非鱼,饲料中以吡啶甲酸铬的形式添加0.8～1.2 mg/kg铬为宜。  相似文献   

CdSe/ZnS量子点对雄性尼罗罗非鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响     

江星  张耀光  金星星  陈幕飞  王川  金丽 《安徽农业科学》2013,(7):2978-2981

[目的]探究CdSe/ZnS量子点对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的遗传毒性。[方法]分别设空白对照组、NaCl对照组和Cd2+对照组以及浓度分别为20、200、2 000和4 000 nmol/L 4个量子点处理组,以腹腔注射方式对雄性尼罗罗非鱼体进行暴露,暴露后1、4、7、14及28 d进行静脉取血制作血涂片,通过微核率、核异常率及总核异常率检测其遗传毒性。[结果]各NaCl对照组与空白对照组均无显著差异。暴露1 d后各量子点处理组产生的微核率达到峰值后总体呈下降趋势。Cd2+对照组的微核率在整个试验期间均与NaCl对照组有显著差异,其微核率14 d达到峰值。核质外凸和核质内凹是核异常的主要类型,核固缩及不均等缢裂细胞类型在前期易被诱导。[结论]量子点外壳及表面修饰基团的综合作用对鱼体有诱导微核率及核异常率增加的效应,但随着时间的推移,罗非鱼能逐步解除该负面效应,由此推测鱼体最终能解除由QDs诱导的遗传毒性。  相似文献   

光照周期对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜节律调节的作用     

刘曾宇  周志成  吕为群 《上海海洋大学学报》2019,28(2):180-189

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼游泳行为在不喂食时是否存在昼夜节律和光照周期的调节作用,设计了光周期为光照(L)∶黑暗(D)=12 h∶12 h,持续的黑暗(DD),持续的光照(LL),光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h和光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h。结果表明:(1)光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时,尼罗罗非鱼具有明显的昼夜节律,昼夜节律周期为(24. 3±0. 2) h;(2)尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜节律在持续的黑暗和光照下仍然存在,分别为(25. 1±1. 1) h和(25. 6±1. 0) h;(3)光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h时,尼罗罗非鱼仍具有明显的昼夜节律(12. 6±0. 5) h;(4)在光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h时,尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜游泳行为仍具有明显的昼夜节律,节律周期为(4. 0±2. 0) h。这些结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼具有以24 h为周期的内源性生物钟,但相比与外源性光照调控,内源性的生物钟对罗非鱼的调控较弱,外源性的光照周期才是调节尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜行为节律的主要因素。  相似文献   

吉富罗非鱼对饲料精氨酸的需要量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

武文一  蒋明  刘伟  吴凡  田娟  杨长庚  文华 《动物营养学报》2016,(5):1412-1424

以饲料精氨酸水平分别为0.67%、0.94%、1.24%、1.58%、1.86%和2.11%的6种等氮等能的半纯化饲料(粗蛋白质含量30.21%,总能17.77 MJ/kg),投喂初始体重为(81.52±2.00)g的吉富罗非鱼60 d,考察饲料精氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、饲料利用、体成分、血清生化指标和非特异性免疫指标的影响,以期获得吉富罗非鱼对饲料精氨酸的最佳需要量。每种饲料投喂3个网箱,每个网箱放养15尾鱼。结果表明:随着饲料精氨酸水平的升高,吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率以及蛋白质沉积率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并均在1.58%组达到最高值,与其他组差异显著(P0.05);饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比则呈现先下降后上升的趋势,饲料系数在1.58%组达到最低值,与其他组差异显著(P0.05);全鱼粗脂肪和肌肉粗灰分含量的变化趋势与饲料系数相似,肌肉粗脂肪呈现与增重率和特定生长率相似的变化趋势,而全鱼粗灰分和肌肉粗蛋白质含量则呈先上升后稳定的趋势。饲料精氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼的肥满度,全鱼水分、粗蛋白质及肌肉水分含量无显著影响(P0.05)。肌肉中各氨基酸(除酪氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸外)、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量均随饲料精氨酸水平的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势。饲料精氨酸水平显著影响血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及总胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、尿素氮和葡萄糖含量(P0.05),也显著影响肝脏和血清中总超氧化物歧化酶、总一氧化氮合酶和溶菌酶的活性(P0.05)。以增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率为主要评价指标,通过二次回归分析可知,吉富罗非鱼对饲料中精氨酸需要量为1.51%~1.58%,占饲料蛋白质的4.99%~5.25%。  相似文献   

饲料添加白藜芦醇对吉富罗非鱼生长免疫、肝脏结构的影响     

赵志祥  史磊磊  张聪  郑尧  陈家长 《中国农学通报》2018,34(8):111-117

(目的)为探究不同含量白藜芦醇对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、非特异免疫能力及肝脏结构的影响。(方法)试验设计4组不同含量Res饲料：0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%,分别表示D1、D2、D3、D4组;在第15天、45天测定血清中八种非特异免疫酶活性,扫描电镜观察肠绒毛、肝脏显微结构。(结果)结果显示：经45天,处理组与对照组之间增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FC)显著降低(P<0.05)。生长期15天,MT、Hsp-70、Hsp-60、TRF四种酶活性均随着Res含量提高而降低;C3、C4二种酶活性处理组与对照组无显著差异;生长期45天,C3、C4、IgM、TNF-α、Hsp-60、TRF六种酶活性均随着Res含量提高而降低。扫描电镜显示：15天D4组肠绒毛“干瘪”、“卷曲程度加深”,45天时,D4组绒毛排列紊乱、绒毛高度降低,受损严重,肝脏纤维化现象明显。(结论)综上所述：饲料中添加0.1% Res能够降低吉富罗非鱼部分非特异性免疫酶活性,并且损伤肠道、肝脏。  相似文献   

Stable isotope analysis to quantify contributions of supplementary feed in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT strain) aquaculture          下载免费PDF全文

Justin Narimbi  Debashish Mazumder  Jesmond Sammut 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1866-1874

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is currently one of the most farmed freshwater fish and contributes significantly to total global aquaculture production. The genetically improved strain of O. niloticus (GIFT) was introduced to Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1999 to improve food and income security. The high cost and low availability of commercial fish feed hinder the growth of GIFT farming in PNG. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to determine the role of supplementary and natural food sources in the diet of GIFT in pond‐based aquaculture. Two treatments were used: treatment 1 was daily feeding, and treatment 2 was weekly feeding, each with three replicates. Isotopic analysis of muscle tissue and all potential food sources showed that pellet feed contributed 7% to the growth of GIFT in daily‐fed ponds and 33% in the weekly‐fed ponds. Highly enriched δ¹⁵N values for chicken manure, compared to depleted values for GIFT and other natural food sources in both treatments, clearly indicate insignificant contributions of this input to production. After 90 days of cultivation, the average final body weight of GIFT receiving daily feed inputs was 134 g (average 19 cm), while for weekly‐fed it was 92 g (17 cm). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poor (6.4:1) in the daily‐fed GIFT ponds compared to a better, and preferable, FCR (1:1) in the weekly‐fed ponds. The findings of this study show that pelleted feed was not the major contributor to the growth of GIFT. Genetically improved farmed tilapia aquaculture should focus on enhancing natural food availability for fish production.  相似文献   

Availability of minerals in rendered meat and bone meal for Nile tilapia: Preliminary observations          下载免费PDF全文

L. B. de Moura  T. O. Xavier  D. A. V. Campelo  M. Michelato  F. L. Alves de Almeida  L. V. O. Vidal  W. M. Furuya 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(3):991-997

A digestibility trial was conducted with 180 Nile tilapia (32.65 ± 4.52 g) fed a reference diet containing 350 g/kg crude protein and 4,500 kcal/kg gross energy. Five different meat and bone meals (MBMs) were evaluated. The test diets compound by 70% of reference diet and 30% of each MBM were elaborated and classified according to ash content: MBM‐430, MBM‐400, MBM‐370, MBM‐340 and MBM‐310. The apparent availability coefficient (AAC) of minerals and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) were subjected to one‐way analysis of variance (p < .05). Differences among ADC and AAC were determined by Tukey's multiple range test (p < .05). When appropriate, a polynomial regression analysis was performed. Linear correlation analyses between MBM chemical composition and the AAC and ADC were performed (p < .01). Higher values of ADC_DM, AAC_Ca and AAC_P were observed in MBM‐310, while low values were observed in MBM‐430. Quadratic effects of ash, P and Ca contents on AAC_Ca, AAC_P and ADC_DM were observed. The AAC_Ca, AAC_P and ADC_DM indicated a negative correlation with ash, P and Ca contents. MBM‐310 exhibited the highest mineral AAC, which could be used as a mineral source for Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响     

吴金平  文华  蒋明 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,44(2):15-22

【目的】研究生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响,以确定其需要量。【方法】选用初始体质量为(64.04±1.26)g/尾的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼270尾,随机分成6组(每组3重复,每重复15尾),分别投喂生物素水平为0.00(对照组),0.03,0.07,0.31,0.61和1.26mg/kg的饲料10周,测定并分析生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼体质量增长率、特定生长率、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。【结果】饲料中添加一定水平的生物素可显著提高鱼体质量增长率、特定生长率、饲料效率和肥满度(P0.05)。0.07 mg/kg生物素添加组鱼粗脂肪以及1.26mg/kg生物素添加组鱼灰分含量最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);水分和粗蛋白含量在各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。0.61mg/kg生物素添加组鱼血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白质量浓度显著高于其余各组(P0.05);0.61和1.26mg/kg生物素添加组鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血清过氧化氢酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性分别以0.07和0.31mg/kg生物素添加组最大,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.03~0.31mg/kg生物素添加组血清丙二醛浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加生物素可提高吉富罗非鱼生长性能,改善饲料利用效率,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料生物素适宜需要量为0.08mg/kg。  相似文献   

伊维菌素在吉富罗非鱼体内的药物动力学     

李世凯  江敏  吴昊 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,44(8):32-40

【目的】研究伊维菌素(IVM)在吉富罗非鱼体内的药物动力学,为其在罗非鱼养殖中的合理应用提供依据。【方法】将吉富罗非鱼按1mg/kg的给药剂量肌肉注射IVM,采用高效液相色谱法于给药后不同时间点对各组织进行采样检测,通过DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件分析IVM在吉富罗非鱼体内的药代动力学参数。【结果】在肌肉注射给药方式下,吉富罗非鱼血液中IVM质量浓度C随时间t的药物动力学模型符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其药物动力学方程为:C血液=0.215e-0.016(t-0.22)+0.198e0-0.413e-1.294(t-0.22)。肌肉注射给药后,IVM在血液及肌肉、肾脏、精巢和肝脏的峰含量(Cmax)分别为0.424mg/L及0.757,0.618,0.571,1.514mg/kg;达峰时间(Tmax)分别为8,24,8,16和24h;AUC(0-∞)分别为506.134,89.445,143.794,99.824和507.977mg/(L·h);MRT(0-∞)分别为1 810.979,176.789,194.868,312.487和259.84h;t1/2z分别为1 208.304,155.129,67.049,231.330和165.918h;各组织的药物代谢动力学方程分别为:C肌肉=4.219e-0.037t+0.217e-0.004t-4.436e-0.049t;C肾脏=0.001e-0.005t+0.713e-0.004t-0.714e-0.031t;C精巢=3.479e-0.096t+0.25e-0.003t-3.729e-0.119t;C肝脏=1.764(e-0.004t-e-0.132t)。【结论】IVM在吉富罗非鱼体内的药物动力学特征表现为:吸收快、分布广、消除缓慢。因此初步确定在水温(26±1)℃下肌肉注射1mg/kg IVM,其休药期为25d。  相似文献   

Development of a quantitative PCR assay for monitoring Streptococcus agalactiae colonization and tissue tropism in experimentally infected tilapia          下载免费PDF全文

Y‐L Su  J Feng  Y‐W Li  J‐S Bai  A‐X Li 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(2):229-238

Streptococcus agalactiae has become one of the most important emerging pathogens in the aquaculture industry and has resulted in large economic losses for tilapia farms in China. In this study, three pairs of specific primers were designed and tested for their specificities and sensitivities in quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) after optimization of the annealing temperature. The primer pair IGS‐s/IGS‐a, which targets the 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, was finally chosen, having a detection limit of 8.6 copies of S. agalactiae DNA in a 20 μL reaction mixture. Bacterial tissue tropism was demonstrated by qPCR in Oreochromis niloticus 5 days post‐injection with a virulent S. agalactiae strain. Bacterial loads were detected at the highest level in brain, followed by moderately high levels in kidney, heart, spleen, intestines, and eye. Significantly lower bacterial loads were observed in muscle, gill and liver. In addition, significantly lower bacterial loads were observed in the brain of convalescent O. niloticus 14 days post‐injection with several different S. agalactiae strains. The qPCR for the detection of S. agalactiae developed in this study provides a quantitative tool for investigating bacterial tissue tropism in infected fish, as well as for monitoring bacterial colonization in convalescent fish.  相似文献