奥利亚罗非鱼在光场中的行为反应研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

肖炜 李大宇杨弘  江苑邹芝英  单航宇韩珏 祝璟琳 《中国农学通报》2012,28(26):105-109

为探索了解奥利亚罗非鱼在光场中的趋避行为规律。采用水平光梯度法,研究了4组不同生长阶段的奥利亚罗非鱼：Ⅰ组：20.0~50.0 mm;Ⅱ组：50.0~80.0 mm;Ⅲ组：80.0~110.0 mm;Ⅳ组：110.0~140.0 mm,在250、500、1000、1500、2000 lx白光光强梯度下的行为反应。同时对Ⅰ组奥利亚罗非鱼在不同波长单色光下（红、黄、绿、蓝）下的行为分布开展研究。结果表明：在白光下,4组奥利亚罗非鱼均表现出正趋光性,在250~2000 lx间趋光率随光照强度的增强呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在1000 lx时趋光率达到峰值,其中近光区趋光率分别为67.5%、55.0%、55.0%、42.0%,总趋光率分别为96.0%、94.0%、96.5%、95.0%;奥利亚罗非鱼的白光适宜照度范围为：500~1500 lx;随着奥利亚罗非鱼的生长发育,近光区趋光率峰值Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ。此外,Ⅰ组奥利亚罗非鱼在不同单色光同一照度下的趋光率差异显著(P<0.05),在蓝光、绿光下的趋光率高于红光、黄光,对不同单色光的趋集行为具有选择性。研究表明：奥利亚罗非鱼在不同光色、不同光强、不同生长阶段都具有选择性,研究结果在开发高效诱捕灯、提高工厂化养殖效益等方面具有积极意义。  相似文献   

Combined effect of temperature,salinity and density on the growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus)     

Qiang Jun  Xu Pao  Wang Haizhen  Li Ruiwei  Wang Hui 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1344-1356

Based on Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface method, the joint effect of temperature (16–36°C), salinity (0–22 ppt) and rearing density (200–1000 fish.m^?3) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of Nile tilapia juveniles were studied under laboratory conditions. The entire experiment lasted for 1 month (30 days). Results showed that the linear and quadratic effects of temperature, salinity on both growth and feed utilization were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The linear and quadratic effect of rearing density on the growth was highly significant (P < 0.01); the linear effect of rearing density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05), but the quadratic effect nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, and between salinity and rearing density on the growth statistically differed from zero (P < 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, between temperature and density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05). Model equations of the growth and feed utilization on temperature, salinity and density were established, with the coefficient of determination being 98.34% for growth and 98.11% for feed utilization, and could be applied to projection. The optimal temperature/salinity/density combination was obtained utilizing statistical optimization approach: 29°C/6 ppt/500 fish.m^?3, at which the maximal specific growth and feed utilization reached 4.228%.d^?1 and 0.520 respectively, with the desirability being 0.989.  相似文献   

Aflatoxin B1 induced alterations in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)     

Suchitra Varior  Babu Philip 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(8):1170-1175

This article elucidates the effect of crude dietary aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on the stability of the lysosomal membrane in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and the analysis was made at the biochemical and cellular level. The liver lysosomal acid phosphatase activity was used to evaluate the functional integrity of the lysosome. Three experimental groups were fed on diets containing 0.375, 2.5 and 6 mg kg^?1 of AFB₁ for a time period of 6 weeks, whereas a fourth group fed on the semi‐purified diet formed the control. Significant changes were observed in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in aflatoxin exposed groups. This is the first report, so far, of changes induced by AFB₁ on the stability of lysosomal membrane in tilapia (O. mossambicus).  相似文献   

Molecular characterization and increased expression of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), T-cell receptor beta chain in response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection     

Nithikulworawong N  Yakupitiyage A  Rakshit S  Srisapoome P 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(5):343-358

The complete cDNA sequence of the Nile tilapia T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain was cloned using 5' RACE. The full-length, 1263-bp cDNA contained a 942-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 314-amino-acid protein. Sequence analyses revealed that the Nile tilapia TCR β chain contains four conserved cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulphide bridges and a conserved amino acid motif believed to be important for assembly and signalling of the TCR αβ/CD3 complex, both of which are normally found in the TCR β chain of other vertebrates. As detected using semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, the highest expression level of TCR β was detected in the thymus. Interestingly, Streptococcus agalactiae significantly induced the up-regulation of the TCR β chain, and the strongest up-regulation was detected in the brain and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). In in vitro experiments, concanavalin A and Aeromonas hydrophila were found to significantly increase the expression of the TCR β chain in PBLs after 48 h (P < 0.01) and 72 h (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10(7) cfu mL(-1) of S. agalactiae could induce TCR β expression that was greater than the expression observed following administration of 10(9) cfu mL(-1). The presence of the TCR β chain in fish detected in this study suggests the presence of T-cell populations that have been found in higher vertebrates, which may play a crucial functional role in the response to fish pathogens.  相似文献   

饥饿和再投喂期间尼罗罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝胰脏生长激素、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ和胰岛素mRNA表达丰度的变化     

田娟  涂玮  曾令兵  文华  蒋明  吴凡  刘伟  杨长庚 《水产学报》2012,36(6):900-907

在室内可控条件下,对尼罗罗非鱼[初始体质量(62.50±3.44)g]进行饥饿28d和随后再投喂21d的处理,于饥饿第0、7、14、21、28天和再投喂第14、21天进行采样分析,研究饥饿和再投喂期间尼罗罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝胰脏生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素(IN)mRNA表达丰度的变化。结果显示,与饥饿第0天相比,饥饿超过7d鱼体体质量显著降低(P<0.05),再投喂21d显著增加(P<0.05);肝体比随饥饿时间延长显著降低(P<0.05),恢复投喂后较饥饿时升高,但显著低于饥饿前水平(P<0.05)。在血清指标上,甘油三酯、血糖、碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶均随饥饿时间延长而逐渐降低,恢复投喂后均有不同程度提高,但转氨酶活性显著低于饥饿前水平(P<0.05);饥饿和再投喂对血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著影响(P>0.05)。在激素方面,与饥饿第0天相比,饥饿使血清GH含量及其肝胰脏mRNA表达丰度显著升高,血清IGF-Ⅰ及其肝胰脏mRNA表达丰度降低,恢复投喂后两者均显著升高(P<0.05);INmRNA表达丰度在饥饿7~21d显著升高(P<0.05),饥饿第28天时无显著差异(P>0.05),再投喂后显著降低(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

全雄奥利亚罗非鱼的制种与应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨永铨  张海明  陈远生 《淡水渔业》2012,(5):68-72

为获得全雄奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea),对WZ♀-ZZ♂类型的奥利亚罗非鱼采用原系(ZZ♂)与转化系(ZZ△♀)二系配套技术,控制遗传全雄鱼的性别。根据泄殖器特征对转化后的实验鱼进行性別鉴定,确定性别。对实验鱼的外部形态、内部结构进行生物学描述。统计并观察实验鱼的雄性率、生长和发育状况。总结全雄奥利亚罗非鱼在应用中的优势,以期为奥利亚罗非鱼养殖业的发展指明方向。  相似文献   

Physiological responses and HSP70 mRNA expression of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under cold stress          下载免费PDF全文

Gui‐Cheng Shi  Xiao‐Hui Dong  Gang Chen  Bei‐Ping Tan  Qi‐Hui Yang  Shu‐Yan Chi  Hong‐Yu Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(3):658-668

An investigation on the physiological responses and HSP70 expression under cold stress was conducted on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia were acclimated at 28°C as control and then the water temperature was reduced from 28°C to 15°C at a rate of 1°C h^?1, and serum biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes and expression of HSP70 mRNA were analysed on days 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 after exposure to 15°C. The concentration of serum K, Na, Cl and Ca concentration showed instability during cold stress. Glucose rapidly increased on day 0 followed by a declining trend. Triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol signifi‐cantly decreased and high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol showed instability during cold stress. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were prominently elevated under cold stress. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a remarkable rise on day 0.5 under cold stress, and gradually decreased thereafter. HSP70 mRNA level significantly increased both in liver and muscle under cold stress, especially on days 0.5 and 1. These results suggest that cold influences several physiological responses of tilapia, and the cold resistance and cold tolerance of tilapia will benefit from the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities and upregulated HSP70 mRNA expression.  相似文献   

不同生长阶段尼罗罗非鱼IGF1基因表达分析     

胡一丞  邹芝英  祝璟琳  李大宇  肖炜  韩珏  乐贻荣  王腾  杨弘 《中国农学通报》2014,30(35):107-111

为阐明IGF1基因在罗非鱼生长过程中的表达规律,为罗非鱼的分子选育等工作奠定了理论基础,本实验利用实时荧光定量PCR技术跟踪尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在不同生长阶段（0、20、40、60、80、125、145、165、185、205天）肝脏和肌肉胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)基因表达的发育性变化。结果表明：实验鱼的体重增长过程可以分为快速生长期和平稳期。在快速生长期时,肝脏IGF1基因表达水平较高,平稳期时较低,肝脏中IGF1基因表达情况与体重增长趋势基本吻合。肌肉中IGF1基因mRNA含量要低得多,而且表达模式与肝脏IGF1基因不相同。研究结果提示：IGF1 mRNA的表达具有明显的时空变化和组织特异性。肝脏中IGF1基因的表达量变化与罗非鱼体重增长趋势一致。肌肉中IGF1表达模式与肝脏中不同,提示肌肉中IGF1的分泌和作用有其自身的特异性。  相似文献   

尼罗罗非鱼雌雄鱼肌肉组织差异表达基因的筛选     

吴奎  梁宏伟  李忠  王丹  王春枝  邹桂伟 《水产学报》2014,38(3):316-324

应用引物退火控制技术(ACP)筛选尼罗罗非鱼雌雄鱼肌肉组织差异表达基因,寻找与雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关的候选基因。本实验从同等条件下养殖的尼罗罗非鱼群体中随机选取雌、雄鱼各5尾组成RNA池,采用引物退火控制技术,分析了两组个体肌肉组织差异表达基因。利用20对随机引物差异显示扩增,共获得8条ESTs,其中5个已知的ESTs分别为转录变体3(LOC100691543)、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK和转录因子Sox4,其余3个为未知的ESTs。实时定量PCR分析各差异表达基因在尼罗罗非鱼雌雄肌肉组织中的表达发现,8个差异表达基因中转录变体3与ACP6-Y在尼罗罗非鱼雄鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01),ACP3-X、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、ACP15-X、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK与转录因子Sox4在尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雄鱼(P0.01)。结果表明,应用引物退火控制技术筛选获得了8个可能参与了雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育调控的ESTs,为进一步筛选雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关候选基因奠定了基础。  相似文献   

饲料蛋氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用率和体成分的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

向枭  周兴华  罗莉  赵海鹏  文华 《水产学报》2014,38(4):538-549

为了评价不同饲料蛋氨酸水平对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用率及体成分的影响,实验通过在半精制基础饲料中添加DL-蛋氨酸,配制成蛋氨酸水平分别为0.26%、0.55%、0.85%、1.14%、1.44%和1.73%的6种等氮等能(32.09%粗蛋白质,15.82 kJ/g总能)的饲料,以初始体质量(66.76±2.29)g的吉富罗非鱼为实验对象,每种实验饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养实验鱼25尾,养殖系统为室内养殖系统,每天表观饱食投喂3次,养殖时间为60 d。结果发现,随饲料蛋氨酸含量的增大,罗非鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料蛋白效率(PER)、饲料蛋白沉积率(PDR)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数(FCR)呈现先下降后上升的趋势。且在蛋氨酸含量为1.14%时WGR、SGR、PER均达到最大(分别为361.91%、2.73%/d和2.53%),FCR达到最低(为1.23),PDR则在蛋氨酸水平为1.44%时达到最大(47.22%)。随饲料蛋氨酸含量的增加,罗非鱼肝体比和脏体比呈明显的先下降后上升的变化趋势,肥满度则无明显的变化;随饲料蛋氨酸含量的增加,罗非鱼肌肉粗蛋白质呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,而全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪呈先升高后稳定的变化趋势。但全鱼粗蛋白、全鱼和肌肉中的水分、灰分的含量差异均不显著,肌肉中组氨酸、丝氨酸和胱氨酸含量差异不显著,但其余各种氨基酸含量及肌肉必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)、肌肉氨基酸总量(ΣTAA)均呈先上升后下降的趋势。以WGR、SGR、PER、PDR、FCR作为评价指标,通过二次回归分析可知,胱氨酸含量为0.30%时,罗非鱼饲料中适宜的蛋氨酸水平应为1.13%~1.16%,占饲料蛋白质的3.52%~3.61%。  相似文献