低温诱导红鳍东方鲀雄性化及性腺分化的组织学观察     

周贺  李佳奇  马海艳  李雅娟  姜志强  李霞  徐雯  江振华 《大连海洋大学学报》2015,(1)

为探索无需紫外线照射、无需投喂性激素、操作简单的低温诱导红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes雄性化的新方法,分别在孵化后15、45、75d将鱼苗进行15℃和17℃低温处理65d,以正常培育温度21℃为对照组,设置平行试验组,并对其性比及性别分化的组织学进行了观察。结果表明:(1)在15℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高可达(74.70±2.79)%;在17℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高为(59.60±3.49)%;在21℃条件下,对照组雄性率为(51.57±0.06)%;温度与雄性率呈负相关(R=-0.827),与雌性率呈正相关(R=0.823)。(2)在21℃条件下,对照组孵化后48d时出现卵巢腔,标志着卵巢分化的开始,68d时生殖腺柄部出现裂缝状的输精管原基,标志着精巢开始分化;在17℃条件下,试验组孵化后63d时观察到明显的卵巢腔,83d时出现输精管原基性腺;而在15℃条件下,试验组孵化后73d时出现明显卵巢腔,93d时出现精小叶,标志组织学上的分化。研究表明,随着处理温度的升高,性腺中细胞分裂速度呈线性关系,在一定范围内升温有助于性腺的发育。  相似文献   

不同发根农杆菌诱导花生发根研究     

任艳  江晨  王辉  石延茂  尹亮  李双铃  崔潇  李磊  袁美 《山东农业科学》2015,(1):14-16

利用5种发根农杆菌侵染不同花生外植体,对比其发根诱导率,分析寻找利于花生转化的外植体、花生品种及发根农杆菌。结果表明,农杆菌94022诱导发根率较其它发根农杆菌高;后期继代培养中子叶诱导的发根易于培养,存活率高,生长状态好;在用培养后的子叶为外植体时,花育20较其它品种发根诱导率高。  相似文献   

β-氨基丁酸保护烟草抵抗TMV侵染的研究     

卢云峰  江力  仇兆芝  慈凌坤  张娇娇 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(36):22361-22363

[目的]研究B-氨基丁酸（β-amino—butyricacid,BABA）保护烟草增强其抗烟草花叶病毒（TMV）侵染的能力。[方法]以云烟87为材料,分别用O．5、1．0、5．0、7．0、10．0mmol／L的BABA处理烟草,以喷清水为对照,统计BABA对TMV的抑制率,筛选最适BABA浓度。用5．0mmol／LBABA喷施处理,观察烟叶的发病情况,同时用组织化学法鉴定BABA诱导烟草产生的过敏反应,进行H202原住检测以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性测定,采用SDS．PAGE检测病程相关（PR）蛋白。[结果]BABA处理后能显著诱导氧进发,引起过敏性反应,烟叶中的PAL活性升高,有分子量为20kDa的PR蛋白出现。烟叶TMV发病率明显减轻,BABA增强了烟草对TMV的抗性,5．0mmol／LBABA能保护烟草抵抗TMV侵染。[结论]为进一步揭示BABA的诱导机理提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

禾谷镰刀菌毒素对小麦花药培养特性的影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭新梅  陈耀锋  任慧莉 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,31(5):5-8

用不同浓度的禾谷镰刀菌毒素对离体培养的小麦花药进行胁迫。结果表明,在低浓度(质量浓度)时毒素具有类激素活性效应,能够促进小麦花药组织脱分化,形成愈伤组织;高浓度时毒素表现毒害作用,抑制花药的脱分化和愈伤组织的形成。当毒素质量浓度大于0.5g/L时,随着胁迫浓度的增加,毒素的毒害作用增强,小麦花药的脱分化和形成愈伤组织的能力迅速下降,表现在降低花药反应率和愈伤组织诱导率2个方面。同时毒素的这种效应,因供试材料基因背景的不同而有一定差异。比较而言,含感病基因的杂种花药对毒素敏感。  相似文献   

分子标记技术在工业大麻性别分化研究中的应用进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵越  孙宇峰  韩承伟  韩喜财  姜颖  曹焜  王晓楠 《作物杂志》2019,35(3):20-184

工业大麻性别表达影响着工业大麻种子、纤维和药用成分产量,其性别表达除了受到遗传物质控制外,还受到外界环境条件的影响,这种复杂性使得性别研究一直是工业大麻研究的难点和热点。分子标记技术能在DNA水平上鉴定工业大麻性别,开发与工业大麻性别紧密连锁的分子标记可为大麻性别早期鉴定和特定性别分子辅助选择育种提供理论依据。本文就分子标记在工业大麻性别研究中的应用进展进行了总结,并对应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

应用于鱼道设计的新疆木扎提河斑重唇鱼的游泳能力测试   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷青松  涂志英  石迅雷  李志敏  谭均军  柯森繁  石小涛  刘国勇 《水产学报》2020,44(10):1718-1727

为了探究斑重唇鱼的游泳能力,给过鱼设施设计和鱼类游泳行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以木扎提河野生斑重唇鱼(全长TL=12~16 cm)为研究对象,测定了其在(16.6±1.6) ℃水温下的感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度及持续与耐久游泳能力。结果显示,斑重唇鱼感应流速为(0.18±0.02)m/s,相对感应流速为(1.40±0.23) BL/s (BL为体长);临界游泳速度为(1.02±0.15) m/s,相对临界游泳速度为(8.58±1.65) BL/s;爆发游泳速度为(1.39±0.17) m/s,相对爆发游泳速度为(10.92±1.86) BL/s;最大持续游泳速度为0.87 m/s,最大耐久游泳速度为1.37 m/s,与平均爆发游泳速度相近。其持续游泳时间与流速呈负相关(${\rm lg}T = - 5.136{{X}} + 8.504$)。当以斑重唇鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议为吸引鱼类进入鱼道,进口流速设计为1.02~1.39 m/s,休息池主流设计为0.20~1.02 m/s,鱼道竖缝处流速宜低于0.85 m/s。鱼道长度为1 000 m时,鱼道内平均水流速度应低于0.78 m/s。本研究结果可为新疆木扎提河流域鱼类游泳能力研究提供参考,对保护日益减少的鱼类资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

巢式PCR法鉴定猪早期胚胎性别的研究     

彭礼繁  罗光彬  白文林 《畜禽业》2007,(5):14-17

根据猪SRY基因序列设计合成2对巢式PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物,根据猪β-珠蛋白基因序列设计了一对引物作为内标引物建立了猪胚胎性别鉴定的PCR反应体系。公猪可以扩增出187bp的SRY基因片段和255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段,母猪只能扩增出255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段。由于巢式PCR只需3～8个细胞就可以在紫外灯下看到扩增结果,而常规PCR则需要较多的细胞,所以胚胎性别鉴定时使用巢式PCR效果更好。  相似文献   

Thyroid hormones modulate the hypothalamo–hypophyseal–gonadal axis in teleosts: Molecular insights     

I. Swapna  B. Senthilkumaran 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):335-345

Reproduction in fishes is influenced by thyroid hormones at various levels of gonadal cell differentiation and steroidogenesis. Thyroid hormones have recently also emerged as an important modulator of season- and photoperiod-dependent variations in the reproductive cycle with a possible effect on the hypothalamo–hypophyseal axis and pineal interactions. This review describes the current status of thyroid hormone research in relation to reproduction, with special emphasis on contributions to this field by Indian researchers including our laboratory. Evidence is provided for the multifocal action of thyroid hormones at various levels of the hypothalamo–hypophyseal–gonadal axis affecting reproduction. The underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms pertaining to thyroid hormone modulation of reproduction, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis and release, androgen and gonadotropin receptor expression, gonadotropin (GTH) expression, and tissue sensitivity to GTHs are highlighted with relevant discussions of the current technical limitations, applications, and future perspectives of research in this field.  相似文献   

Distribution and induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 in the rainbow trout brain     

Tommy Andersson  Anders Goksøyr 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(4):335-342

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 participates in the activation as well as detoxification of environmental pollutants such as aromatic hydrocarbons. This CYP form is also efficiently induced by aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of CYP 1A1 in the brain might thus be of physiological and toxicological importance. In the present investigation on rainbow trout, the distribution of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, a cytochrome CYP 1A1 catalyzed reaction, was measured in whole tissue homogenates from brain parts. In control fish, a relatively high activity was found in the rainbow trout olfactory bulb compared to the other brain parts. Although an EROD induction (3 to 7-fold) by β-naphthoflavone (BNF) was recorded in all brain parts from the rainbow trout, the highest induced activity was measured in the olfactory bulbs. To ascertain the distribution of EROD activity in cells, whole brain tissue was subfractionated by differential centrifugation. The fractionation scheme separated mitochondria (P2 fraction) and microsomes (P3 fraction) as determined by marker enzymes and electron microscopy. In control rainbow trout, a low EROD activity could be measured in the P2 fraction. BNF induced the EROD activity in both P2 and P3 fractions. Western blotting showed the induction by BNF of a protein band in the P2 and P3 fractions with a molecular mass around 58,000 when highly specific anti-cod CYP 1A1 antibodies were used. ELISA measurements confirmed the induction of CYP 1A1 protein in the rainbow trout brain subcellular fractions.  相似文献   

Sex change in coral reef fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Masaru Nakamura  Yasuhisa Kobayashi  Saori Miura  Mohamad Ashraful Alam  Ramji Kumar Bhandari 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):117-122

Gonadal differentiation can take many forms in fish, ranging from gonochorism, where individuals directly develop as male or female and finally possess only testis or ovaries at sexual maturation, to hermaphroditism where the same individuals can produce mature male and female gametes at some time in their lives. Hermaphrodite fish are, thus, an excellent model for studying the plasticity of sex determination and differentiation in vertebrates. We have shown that sex steroids play a principal role in sex differentiation and sex change in fish. Our laboratory implements several fish models that undergo sex change from female to male or male to female or in both directions. In this review, we will briefly discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of sex change in coral reef fish.  相似文献