基于改进YOLO v7的轻量化樱桃番茄成熟度检测方法     

苗荣慧  李志伟  武锦龙 《农业机械学报》2023,54(10):225-233

为在自然环境下自动准确地检测樱桃番茄果实的成熟度,实现樱桃番茄果实自动化采摘,根据成熟期樱桃番茄果实表型特征的变化以及国家标准GH/T 1193—2021制定了5级樱桃番茄果实成熟度级别(绿熟期、转色期、初熟期、中熟期和完熟期),并针对樱桃番茄相邻成熟度特征差异不明显以及果实之间相互遮挡问题,提出一种改进的轻量化YOLO v7模型的樱桃番茄果实成熟度检测方法。该方法将MobileNetV3引入YOLO v7模型中作为骨干特征提取网络,以减少网络的参数量,同时在特征融合网络中加入全局注意力机制(Global attention mechanism, GAM)模块以提高网络的特征表达能力。试验结果表明,改进的YOLO v7模型在测试集下的精确率、召回率和平均精度均值分别为98.6%、98.1%和98.2%,单幅图像平均检测时间为82 ms,模型内存占用量为66.5 MB。对比Faster R-CNN、YOLO v3、YOLO v5s和YOLO v7模型,平均精度均值分别提升18.7、0.2、0.3、0.1个百分点,模型内存占用量也最少。研究表明改进的YOLO v7模型能够为樱桃番茄果实的自...  相似文献   

极早熟机收玉米新玉110号的产量潜力与机收性能分析     

梁晓玲  阿布来提·阿布拉  杨杰  李荫秀  韩登旭  李铭东  王业建  郗浩江  雷志刚  高雪飞  陈微林 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(12):2942-2947

【目的】 分析极早熟复播玉米新品种新玉110号的产量潜力和机收性能,为玉米新品种推广提供科学依据。【方法】 以新疆南疆复播极早熟玉米区域试验玉米新品种新玉110号为材料,对照为新玉10号,采用作物品种区域试验统计系统RCT99分析产量、品质等。【结果】 新玉110号复播区试产量522.27 kg/667m²,比对照新玉10号增产12.13%,生产试验552.67 kg/667m²,比对照增产17.01%;生育期87.9 d,比对照早熟2.9 d;籽粒容重768 g/L,粗蛋白含量9.9%,粗淀粉含量74.92%,粗脂肪含量4.6%;抗倒伏,抗玉米瘤黑粉病、丝黑穗病和粗缩病,成熟是苞叶自然张开,脱水快。【结论】 新玉110号产量高,增产潜力大,属极早熟强优势玉米杂交种,品质优良,适应性广,适宜新疆南疆地区复播和北疆冷凉地区春播种植,所需≥10℃有效积温2 200℃,适合机械粒收。  相似文献   

促进堆肥二次发酵真菌在堆肥中的应用效果     

魏启航  冯瑶  马倩倩  李艳丽  刘元望  李兆君  任艳芳 《中国农业科学》2021,54(24):5240-5250

【目的】二次发酵是实现鸡粪等养殖废弃物功能价值提高的关键阶段,本研究旨在将前期筛选得到的真菌应用于鸡粪堆肥的二次发酵阶段,探讨其促进二次发酵的效果并对其进行鉴定,为今后鸡粪的高值化与资源化利用提供理论依据和支撑。【方法】以鸡粪一次发酵产物为原料,添加实验室前期筛选的2株真菌（分别为FCM1和FCM3）进行二次发酵试验。共设置3个处理,分别为对照CK：原料中加入1%（体积L∶干物质量kg）无菌液体培养基;F1：原料中加入1% FCM1菌液;F3：原料中加入1% FCM3菌液。在二次发酵的不同时期,分析测定堆体温度、pH、电导率（EC）、铵态氮、硝态氮、种子发芽指数以及腐殖酸等指标。【结果】与对照相比,添加真菌主要促进了二次发酵阶段快速升温和腐殖化过程快速进行。与未接菌处理相比,真菌FCM3使堆料提前8 d进入升温期,真菌FCM1效果不佳,且在一定程度上延后了鸡粪堆肥的二次发酵。F3处理高温阶段（>50℃）持续了13 d,堆料的GI比对照处理提前25 d达到80%,且腐殖化程度较高（PHA=74.58%,PHA：胡敏酸/总腐殖酸）。相关分析表明,GI与pH、PHA显著正相关,与EC显著负相关。经形态和ITS rDNA测序等方法鉴定,FCM3为链格孢菌。【结论】真菌FCM3能够在一定程度上促进鸡粪堆肥二次发酵的进行,提高堆料的腐殖化程度。  相似文献   

不同成熟度雪茄烟晾制过程碳水化合物及相关酶活性变化规律研究     

刘博远  赵松超  李一凡  贺凡  阳苇丽  赵铭钦 《中国农业科技导报》2021,23(4):192-201

为了解不同成熟度晾制对雪茄烟叶品质的影响,以雪茄烟品种‘H382’为研究对象,采用大田试验方法,研究不同成熟度雪茄烟在晾制过程中碳水化合物含量及相关酶活性的变化,并对不同成熟度雪茄烟进行品质分析。结果表明,在晾制过程中适熟采收的烟叶失水速度和含水率适中,能促进内在物质的转化;雪茄烟适熟时采收,淀粉含量最低,淀粉降解速率快、降解较彻底,总糖、还原糖含量相对较高;淀粉酶和淀粉磷酸化酶活性均以适熟采收的烟叶最高;晾制后烟叶化学成分的主成分综合得分也以适熟采收的烟叶最高,化学品质较好。研究可为五指山雪茄烟叶采收提供理论基础。  相似文献   

Microbial Composition before and after Conservation of Grass-Dominated Haylage Harvested Early,Middle, and Late in the Season     

Jessica Schenck  Cecilia E. Müller 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Haylage for horses is often harvested in late plant maturity, which could be associated with an increased risk of impaired hygienic quality in the forage and short aerobic storage stability after bale opening, but knowledge in this area is scant. An experiment was conducted in which the microbial composition was analyzed before and after conservation of primary growth haylage harvested early (June), middle (July), and late (August) in the season during 1 year. The counts of yeast, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in preconserved herbage increased with the advancing harvest time (P ≤ .02). After conservation, the August haylage had increased counts of enterobacteria (log 4.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and LAB (log 6.5 CFU/g), compared with the June and July haylage (log ≤1.7 CFU/g for enterobacteria and ≤5.7 CFU/g for LAB, P < .001). The yeast counts were the lowest in the June haylage (log 5.0 CFU/g) compared with the July and August haylage (log ≥6.3 CFU/g, P < .001). After conservation, the mold counts were lower in the June haylage and greater in the August haylage (P = .01). In the preconserved herbage, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most common mold species in June but Fusarium poae was in July, and Mucor fragilis in August. After conservation, Penicillium carneum was the only species found in the June haylage, with M. circinelloides most frequently found in the July haylage and M. hiemalis and M. circinelloides found at similar frequencies in the August haylage. An advanced harvest time resulted in greater counts of enterobacteria, yeast, and LAB and an increased number of mold species in the conserved haylage. The aerobic storage stability of the opened haylage bales measured by temperature was similar among the harvests.  相似文献   

Maturity and reproduction of goneplacid crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcinoplax vestita</Emphasis> (Decapoda,Brachyura) in Tokyo Bay     

Wataru Doi  Than Than Lwin  Masashi Yokota  Carlos Augusto Strüssmann  Seiichi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):331-340

ABSTRACT:     Sexual maturity, morphological sexual dimorphism, and reproduction of the goneplacid crab Carcinoplax vestita were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, from November 2002 to October 2003. The puberty molt in males was evidenced by changes in the relative size of the chelipeds and merus of the walking legs, and was estimated to occur at a size range of 13.20–18.85 mm carapace length. Post-pubertal females were identified by the relative size of the abdomen and puberty was estimated to occur at a size range of 12.81–15.46 mm carapace length. Sexual dimorphism in C. vestita was observed in all features that showed secondary sexual characteristics. Monthly changes of gonad index in males, and of seminal receptacle index and occurrence of sperm plugs in females were synchronized, and indicated that mating was intense in spring. Ovaries began developing in March. Ovigerous females were found in all months except December, but were clearly more abundant between August and October. Fecundity ranged from 7800 to 57 000 mature oocytes per female per batch and was highly correlated with body size. The results suggest that some females may spawn more than one batch per year.  相似文献   

Life history and ecology of the glowbelly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acropoma japonicum</Emphasis> in the Uwa Sea,Japan     

Noboru?OkudaEmail author  Hideki?Hamaoka  Koji?Omori 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1042-1048

ABSTRACT:   The life history and ecology of the glowbelly Acropoma japonicum a commercially important fishery resource, were investigated in the Uwa Sea, Japan. Newly settled juveniles (0⁺) appeared at the end of the breeding season and reached maturity in the next season, i.e. when they became yearlings (1⁺). The yearlings made a gametic effort comparable to that of older fish. During the breeding season, the somatic conditions were more deteriorated for males than for females. That the deterioration of male somatic conditions was not attributable to a sexual difference in energy gain from feeding suggests that the males incurred higher energetic costs of reproduction despite their relatively low gonadosomatic indices. Such an energy depletion may increase the mortality risk, resulting in female-biased sex ratios in the older age classes. Most of the 1⁺ fish disappeared in winter following their first breeding. For A. japonicum , the observed precocity and short life span is notable because it is a higher consumer that is generally expected to show later maturation and longer life. As possible explanations for their disappearances, predation and postbreeding emaciation were less likely. While fishing is one of the most influential factors, the possibility of age-specific migration toward deeper waters remains to be examined.  相似文献   

Sexual dimorphism of fast muscle fibre recruitment in farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)     

Ørjan Hagen  Christel Solberg 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1222-1229

Commercially farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) were reared at the Aga Marin's facility located on Dønna (Norway) under ambient environmental conditions in duplicate 15 × 15 × 8 m netpens (May 2004 to May 2005). Twenty fish were sampled five times over a twelve month production period during which time the average body weight increased from 1.26 to 2.08 kg (n = 100 fish). Body mass, fork length (L_F), and the number and size distributions of fast muscle fibres were determined in male and female fish. All males matured during the autumn whereas no maturation was observed in females. From the point of maturation females had superior growth performance to males and body mass and the total cross-sectional area of muscle were 1.4-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.3-fold higher (P < 0.01) respectively by May 2005. The total number of fast muscle fibres per trunk cross-section at 0.55 L_F was 24.5% higher in females (7.58 × 10⁵) than males (5.80 × 10⁵) prior to sexual maturation. In females, muscle fibre recruitment slowed with short days and low water temperatures (< 6.5 °C), but had increased to 1.01 × 10⁶ by May 2005 (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was no growth and no increase in muscle fibre number in males following the onset of maturation. The distribution of muscle fibre diameters prior to maturation in males was also significantly different between male and female fish matched for L_F. The results illustrate a sexual dimorphism of muscle fibre recruitment patterns in Atlantic halibut and highlight the adverse affects of sexual maturation in males on muscle growth.  相似文献   

番茄新品种潍科粉3 号的选育     

刘建民  吕金浮  乔宁  刘晓明  李美芹  王兴翠 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(7):49

潍科粉3 号是以H10A 为母本,以J10211 为父本杂交选育而成的粉果番茄一代杂种。早熟,由定植到第1 穗果成
熟需75 d（天）左右,植株长势强,无限生长类型,连续坐果能力强,始花节位在第6～7 节;果实略高圆形,着色均匀,
亮粉色,果实味浓爽口,风味佳,VC 含量高达256 mg·kg-1;硬度高,萼片平展,商品性好,单果质量230～250 g,每
667 m² 产量13 000 kg 以上;对番茄黄化曲叶病毒、疫病、叶霉病的抗性较对照梦之粉强。适于温室和大棚早春、秋延后及
越冬栽培。  相似文献   

马铃薯新品种天薯12 号的选育     

吕汰  何二良  郭天顺  王鹏  谢炜清  李芳弟  齐小东 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(3):55

天薯12号是以品系天97-8-98为母本,庄薯3号为父本杂交选育而成的马铃薯新品种。从出苗至块茎成熟126 d（ 天）
左右,属晚熟品种。薯块椭圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼浅而紫。单株结薯4.1 个,平均单薯质量105 g,大中薯率87.4%。每667 m²
产量在1 500 kg 以上,适于甘肃天水、临夏、定西、平凉、陇南等地种植。  相似文献