闽南渔场桁杆虾拖网作业渔获种类组成     

王语同  刘勇 《福建水产》2011,33(4):42-46

2010年1～5月和8～11月在闽南海区桁杆虾拖网作业渔船上每月采样一次,分析样品9批,样品数量15833个,累计重量79．66kg。对渔获物进行种类鉴定、组成分析,结果表明：闽南渔场桁杆虾拖网作业渔获种类共有62种,其中鱼类35种、虾类17种、蟹类4种、头足类4种、口足类2种;渔获物以虾类为主,占总渔获重量的69．8...  相似文献   

噬菌蛭弧菌预防对虾弧菌感染的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

张吕平  胡超群  罗鹏  沈琪 《渔业科学进展》2009,30(1):26-33

采用16S rDNA特异引物对63F和842R对蛭弧菌标准菌株Bdellovi briobacteriovorus 109-J和实验菌株Bd-9913进行了PCR鉴定,使用Bd-9913菌株分别对3株虾类病原菌溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolysticus LS01、HF09,副溶血弧菌V．parahaemolyticus V28以及1株大肠埃希氏菌Escherichia coli CH-42进行裂解。结果表明,10^5PFU／ml的Bd-9913对于10^9CFU／ml的宿主菌具有较好的裂解效果。采用3．0×10^5PFu／mlBd109-J和Bd-9913分别与饲料混合（v／w）后投喂3．0g左右的凡纳滨对虾幼虾,14d内未发现对虾异常,且在对虾肠道内检测不到Bd109-J及Bd-9913,证明二者对于凡纳滨对虾幼虾是安全的。对正常养殖了50d的室外集约化虾池水体分别泼洒终浓度0．3mg／L的二氯异氰脲酸、0．3mg／L季胺盐络合碘和3．0×10^5PFU／ml蛭弧菌,后者对于抑制水体弧菌活菌浓度的效果明显优于化学消毒剂。当每隔20d左右分别进行一次上述水体处理,通过比较体内弧菌感染的对虾个体数,发现从肝胰腺分离到弧菌的对虾数量二者无显著差异,但从血淋巴分离到弧菌的对虾数量,蛭弧菌处理组显著少于化学消毒剂处理组,显示了蛭弧菌在预防对虾弧菌感染方面的优越性。  相似文献   

Prediction of apparent protein digestibility of ingredients and diets by in vitro pH-stat degree of protein hydrolysis with species-specific enzymes for juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei     

D. Lemos  A.L. Lawrence  A.J. Siccardi III   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(1-2):89-98

Aquafeed production faces global issues related to availability of feed ingredients. Feed manufacturers require greater flexibility in order to develop nutritional and cost-effective formulations that take into account nutrient content and availability of ingredients. The search for appropriate ingredients requires detailed screening of their potential nutritional value and variability at the industrial level. In vitro digestion of feedstuffs by enzymes extracted from the target species has been correlated with apparent protein digestibility (APD) in fish and shrimp species. The present study verified the relationship between APD and in vitro degree of protein hydrolysis (DH) with Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas enzymes in several different ingredients (n = 26): blood meals, casein, corn gluten meal, crab meal, distiller's dried grains with solubles, feather meal, fish meals, gelatin, krill meals, poultry by-product meal, soybean meals, squid meals and wheat gluten. The relationship between APD and DH was further verified in diets formulated with these ingredients at 30% inclusion into a reference diet. APD was determined in vivo (30.1 ± 0.5 °C, 32.2 ± 0.4‰) with juvenile L. vannamei (9 to 12 g) after placement of test ingredients into a reference diet (35 g kg^− 1 CP; 8.03 g kg^− 1 lipid; 2.01 kcal g^− 1) with chromic oxide as the inert marker. In vitro DH was assessed in ingredients and diets with standardized hepatopancreas enzymes extracted from pond-reared shrimp. The DH of ingredients was determined under different assay conditions to check for the most suitable in vitro protocol for APD prediction: different batches of enzyme extracts (HPf5 or HPf6), temperatures (25 or 30 °C) and enzyme activity (azocasein): crude protein ratios (4 U: 80 mg CP or 4 U: 40 mg CP). DH was not affected by ingredient proximate composition. APD was significantly correlated to DH in regressions considering either ingredients or diets. The relationships between APD and DH of the ingredients could be suitably adjusted to a Rational Function (y = (a + bx)/(1 + cx + dx²), n = 26. Best in vitro APD predictions were obtained at 25 °C, 4 U: 80 mg CP both for ingredients (R² = 0.86; P = 0.001) and test diets (R² = 0.96; P = 0.007). The regression model including all 26 ingredients generated higher prediction residuals (i.e., predicted APD − determined APD) for corn gluten meal, feather meal, poultry by-product meal and krill flour. The remaining test ingredients presented mean prediction residuals of 3.5 points. A model including only ingredients with APD > 80% showed higher prediction precision (R² = 0.98; P = 0.000004; n = 20) with average residual of 1.8 points. Predictive models including only ingredients from the same origin (e.g., marine-based, R² = 0.98; P = 0.033) also displayed low residuals. Since in vitro techniques have been usually validated through regressions against in vivo APD, the DH predictive capacity may depend on the consistency of the in vivo methodology. Regressions between APD and DH suggested a close relationship between peptide bond breakage by hepatopancreas digestive proteases and the apparent nitrogen assimilation in shrimp, and this may be a useful tool to provide rapid nutritional information.  相似文献   

Growth performance of blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris in self-cleaning microcosm tanks     

K.P. Kumaraguru vasagam  A. Victor Suresh  George W. Chamberlain   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,290(3-4):236-242

Outdoor microcosm tanks were used to grow the penaeid blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris, in Brunei Darussalam. The tanks were cylindrical, free standing fiber glass tanks of 1827 L water holding capacity and had a self-cleaning mechanism. In three eight-week feeding trials, juvenile shrimp of 0.9–4.3 g were stocked at a density of 28 shrimp/m². At the end of each trial, survival rates exceeded 80%. Growth rates ranged from 1.19 to 2.46 g/week. Water quality remained stable and within suitable ranges for L. stylirostris growth in all trials. The tanks had algae and bacterial floc developing within a few days of starting the trials. Fourteen commercial shrimp feeds, each containing more than 40% crude protein, were tested in the trials. In spite of the presence of natural food organisms, significant feed-related differences among treatments were found in each trial. In conclusion, microcosm tanks support excellent growth and survival of L. stylirostris and are appropriate for conducting trials to evaluate feeds for pond growout.  相似文献   

Shrimp shell as a potential sorbent for removal of arsenic from aqueous solution     

Ming-Chao Lin  Chung-Min Liao  Ying-Cheng Chen 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):425-434

This study examined the ability of shrimp shell to remove arsenic (As) from aqueous solutions. The shells of two species of shrimp, black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, were chosen to be the sorbents. Laboratory exposure experiments estimated uptake and depuration rate constants (i.e., k ₁ and k ₂) as well as the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the shells of the two shrimps. A first-order one-compartment model was presented to describe the uptake kinetics of As in shrimp shell. The resulting k ₁, k ₂, and BCF values of black tiger shrimp were 0.034–1.722 ml/g/day, 0.007–0.345 g/g/day, and 5.08 ± 1.56 ml/g, while those for white shrimp were 0.053–0.523 ml/g/day, 0.011–0.237 g/g/day, and 3.95 ± 1.88 ml/g, respectively. The sorption capacities of black tiger shrimp shell and white shrimp shell were 1.08 × 10⁻⁴–6.66 × 10⁻³ and 1.04 × 10⁻⁴–3.26 × 10⁻³ mmol/g, respectively. The sorption capacity of shrimp shell increased with the initial As concentration in water. Shrimp shell, as a waste material, could be potentially used for the removal of As from an aqueous medium. Although the As-removal capacity of shrimp shell was lower than those of natural and chemical sorbents, using shrimp shells as sorbents is less expensive and could increase the additional value of shrimp products.  相似文献   

Water pollution by intensive brackish shrimp farming in south-east Vietnam: Causes and options for control   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pham Thi Anh  Carolien Kroeze  Arthur P.J. Mol 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(6):872-882

This paper focuses on both the environmental impact of intensive shrimp farming in the coastal region of Vietnam and the identification of options for cleaner production. We investigated water pollution, sediment contamination and the spread of diseases related to shrimp farming in the Can Gio district of Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), an area representative for the impacts of intensive shrimp production in the country. Data on the production process was compiled from site observations, interviews with local farmers and experts, as well as from secondary sources. The results indicate that, while a large number of individual farms may exceed environmental standards, intensive shrimp farming is not always associated with waste streams exceeding water quality standards. This is interesting because it shows currently available technologies can reduce pollution from intensive shrimp farms. The paper concludes by identifying technologically and economically feasible options for reducing water pollution, problems associated with contaminated sediment, and the spread of diseases.  相似文献   

虾蟹养殖池塘机械化研究现状及发展趋势          下载免费PDF全文

胡庆松  朱皓  李俊 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(5):1216-1223

由于领地性特点和游泳能力限制，虾蟹池塘养殖中投饵等生产环节是设备“动”而虾蟹相对“不动”，与鱼“动”而设备“固定”的鱼塘相比机械化更加困难。通过对国内外虾蟹池塘养殖投饵、割草、捕捞、水质管理等环节机械化研究进展进行梳理，从虾蟹池塘机械装备与鱼塘装备相比的移动性差别需求所带来难点角度出发，对当前所研发装备的复杂性及其所带来的可靠性和使用友好性降低等方面进行分析，指出了当前虾蟹池塘养殖装备在成熟度、环境适应能力、精准反馈等方面存在的问题，针对这些问题在机械装备与绿色生态养殖模式融合、标准化与可靠性、操作人员适配等方面解决思路进行了讨论，并对虾蟹无人养殖场的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

营口对虾养殖示范区水化学状况   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石俊艳  刘中  丁贸昌  徐锟  张威 《水产科技情报》1998,25(6):257-260

作者对营口对虾养殖示范区的水源（咸水河）及养殖池的水化学状况进行了定期监测，１９９５～１９９７年每年于６～８月份对水质理化指标、浮游生物、细菌总数测定分析。初步探讨了水质变化与虾病发生的关系。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾病毒性疾病概述及其防治措施          下载免费PDF全文

孙美超  曹梅  王兴强  钱诗悦  卢雪旎  李永 《现代农业科技》2022,(3)

凡纳滨对虾早期因其具有生长快、病害少、经济效益高等优点，在全球大部分国家均有养殖，并且成为世界上养殖量最高、产量最高的对虾。随着凡纳滨对虾集约化养殖程度的不断提高，养殖过程中所发生的病害也日趋增多和日益严重，其中尤其是以病毒性疾病所造成的损失最为严重，也最难以治理。每年对虾养殖业因疾病而造成的损失中有60%是由病毒性疾病所引起的，故而本文选取了凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中三种常见且危害较大的病毒，对其基本情况进行了简要的概述，为对虾养殖从业者提供一个科学的认识，并提出了相应的防控措施。  相似文献