Assessing sediment removal capacity of vegetated and non-vegetated settling ponds in prawn farms   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Halmar Halide  Peter V. Ridd  Eric L. Peterson  David Foster 《Aquacultural Engineering》2003,27(4):295-314

Sediment removal capacity is assessed for a constructed mangrove wetland, and a non-vegetated settling pond that are both used for filtering water in tropical aquaculture. The assessment is performed through sediment budget analysis using data of suspended sediment concentration collected from optical backscatter sensors. The sensors were deployed at the pond's inlet and outlet. These data sets provide a measure of trapping efficiency of each pond with different flow regimes and settling areas. The tides influenced flow in the wetland but none was felt in the settling pond. The average trapping efficiency obtained for the vegetated and the non-vegetated ponds was (40±33) and (70±36)%, respectively. The deposition rate calculated for the vegetated and non-vegetated pond ranges between 13–174 g/m² per h (average=63 g/m² per h) and 10–19 g/m² per h (average=14 g/m² per h), respectively. The efficiency of vegetated and non-vegetated ponds is likely to be improved by decreasing the aspect ratio (length/width) from the current value of 6 to 1 and of 5 to 1, respectively.  相似文献   

对虾寄生纤毛虫（蟹栖拟阿脑虫）的实验室培养结果与分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

蔡生力  王印庚 《海洋水产研究》1992,(13):54-61

用三种不同的培养基(对虾血淋巴、对虾组织捣碎液以及煮沸冷却海水)、三种不同浓度(1％、2％、5％)的对虾血淋巴以及三种不同温度(8℃、12℃、25℃)培养和研究了一种能侵入对虾体内并引起对虾大批死亡的寄生纤毛虫——蟹栖拟阿脑虫。其结果是,在血淋巴及组织液中,纤毛虫繁殖非常迅速,短时间内即可达高峰(大于10~5个/ml)。其繁殖速度与温度成正比。在8℃时,繁殖到高峰期需5～6天,12℃时,需3～4天,而25℃时仅需1天。纤毛虫的繁殖密度与对虾血淋巴浓度成正相关关系。  相似文献   

江苏如东地区虾蟹养殖现况分析     

宋红桥  管崇武  张宇雷 《农学学报》2020,10(10):55-59

笔者主要简述了江苏如东地区的水产养殖现状。归纳了该地区主要养殖的虾蟹品种南美白对虾、中华绒螯蟹、脊尾白虾和三疣梳子蟹的不同养殖模式和养殖方法。分析了如东地区虾蟹养殖品种现所存处的发展现状,以及持续发展过程中所遇到的苗种、病害等相关问题。根据存在问题,提出加强科学养殖管理和网络信息的有效传播相应的健康、引进专业技术人才,强化科技服务、坚持生态节水养殖模式,发展绿色虾蟹养殖业、打造品牌效应,促进经济和社会效益等方面的对策和建议。  相似文献   

出口活虾的检验检疫与运输保存技术     

郑志高  罗建国  范英姿  蔡宝亮  张敬友  柯家法  李超美  刘学辉 《畜牧兽医杂志》2005,24(2):23-25

本文阐述了出口活虾的临床检验检疫和对养殖场及其暂养场地管理工作的重点，同时介绍活虾运输保存、活虾捕捞、暂养、包装前的预处理、包装、运输后的恢复等关键性技术。  相似文献   

对虾养殖对莱州湾氮、磷、COD的贡献     

马绍赛  辛福言  曲克明 《海洋水产研究》2002,23(2):7-11

整理统计了莱州湾主要有机污染物入海通量，并于1998年7月，调查了莱州湾湾顶部对虾养殖区进、排水中氮、磷及COD的浓度，初步估算出了对虾病害发生后（1993年），对虾养殖过程中排入海中COD的增量增量平均约为1173.4t/a，为黄河年排放量的0.54%，小清河年排放量的0.29%；无机氮的增量平均为45.1t/a，为黄河年排放量的1.79%，小清河年排放量的1.10%。对虾病害发生后（1993年后）莱州湾沿岸对虾养殖的有机污染较黄河和小清河小的多。  相似文献   

3种虾类超氧化物歧化酶同工酶比较     

雷晓柱  刘存歧  王伟伟  张亚娟  王军霞 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(26)

[目的]比较日本对虾、克氏原螯虾、凡纳滨对虾不同组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶差异。[方法]将供试材料进行预处理后,测定各材料SOD活性,并采用聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳分析同工酶差异。[结果]SOD活性存在组织差异和种属差异性;电泳谱带在3种虾类中也存在着明显的差异,其中日本对虾和凡纳滨对虾的SOD的电泳谱带和迁移率较为相似,与克氏原螯虾存在明显不同。[结论]SOD同工酶活性比较可揭示虾类的亲缘关系与起源。  相似文献   

Formation of periphyton biofilm and subsequent biofouling on different substrates in nutrient enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds     

Helena Khatoon  Sanjoy Banerjee  Mohamed Shariff  Japar Sidik Bujang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):470-477

Periphyton grown on substrates is known to improve water quality in aquaculture ponds. Five different substrates, (i) bamboo pipe (ii) plastic sheet (iii) polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe (iv) fibrous scrubber, and, (v) ceramic tile were evaluated for the formation of biofilm in this experiment. The substrates were suspended 25 cm below the water surface. Each type of substrate was collected fortnightly to analyze the abundance and biomass of different periphytic algae and of the biofouling organism. The study was terminated after 60 days due to severe fouling by polychaete. Results showed that pond water nutrients were high on day 60 with mean total ammonia-N, nitrite-N and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations of 309.6 ± 8.6 μg L^− 1, 26.0 ± 2.7 μg L^− 1 and 87.2 ± 7.1 μg L^− 1 respectively. During the first two weeks the substrates were colonized by 19 periphytic algae. The most abundant family was Bacillariophyta (8 genera) followed by Chlorophyta (7 genera) and Cyanophyta (4 genera). Periphyton colonization on bamboo pipe showed the highest (p < 0.05) biomass in terms of chlorophyll a amongst all the substrates used. The biomass varied from 179 to 1137 μg m^− 2 with mean values of 1137.2 ± 0.6, 929.6 ± 0.6, 684.2 ± 1.2, 179.1 ± 0.6 and 657.0 ± 0.6 μg m^− 2 on bamboo pipe, PVC pipe, plastic sheet, fibrous scrubber and ceramic tile respectively for the first 15 days. From 3rd week, polychaetes began to form tubes on the substrate. By day 60, the whole surface of all substrates was covered with tightly packed polychaete tubes with mean densities of 168.0 ± 15.4, 121.0 ± 13.5, 72.8 ± 9.8, 72.4 ± 7.4 and 56.0 ± 6.8 polychaete tubes cm^− 2 for bamboo, PVC, plastic, fibrous scrubber and ceramic tile respectively. This study illustrated the invasive nature of attached polychaete thus hampering the formation of periphyton biofilm on substrates which could have been used for improving water quality in enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds.  相似文献   

中国对虾糠虾幼体病原菌（非01群霍乱弧菌）的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王立平  张晓华  刘镁  段爱梅  宋晓玲  徐怀恕 《中国水产科学》1997,1(1):45-51

本文对中国对虾糠虾幼体的一种病原菌———非０１群霍乱弧菌作了研究报道。这种病的症状是病虾运动能力差、趋光性弱、镜检发现肠道肿胀。从垂死病虾中分离到５株细菌，经感染健康糠虾幼体得到与病虾相同症状。５株细菌的４７项形态及生理生化特性与霍乱弧菌相同，但不被０１群霍乱弧菌多价血清凝集。血清学分型结果均为不同的ＶＢＯ血清型ＶＢＯ５，１４，２６，４７，５６。用ＤＮＡ霍乱ＣＴ基因探针菌落原位杂交及小鼠肠结扎法测肠毒素，表明菌株有强毒力。分离菌株对小鼠的ＬＤ５０为１５８×１０８个／只。  相似文献   

The effects of the decomposition of mangrove leaf litter on water quality, growth and survival of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798)     

Tran Ngoc Hai  Amararatne Yakupitiyage   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):700-712

An experiment was conducted for 8 weeks at the Cantho University, Vietnam, to determine the acceptable level of mangrove leaf litter load and its effect on water quality, growth and survival rate of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Shrimps were cultured in plastic tanks containing 50 L of brackish water (salinity of 15‰). Leaf litter of Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha and Acacia auriculiformis were loaded to tanks at rates of 0.0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L^− 1 with and without aeration. Tiger shrimp post-larvae (PL; 0.05 ± 0.01 g) obtained from the shrimp hatchery of Cantho University were stocked at a density of 20 PL per tank and fed with pelleted feed containing 38% protein at a rate of 10% body weight (BW) day^− 1.

The high leaf-loading rates significantly reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) and survival rates of shrimp in the non-aerated treatments, and all shrimps died after 2 days in the treatments with loading rates above 0.5 g L^− 1. Leaf litter loads significantly increased tannin content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), H₂S and pH in the aerated treatments. Stepwise regression analysis showed COD, tannin and H₂S concentrations had negative effects on shrimp growth in the aerated treatments. Tannin concentration was found to be highest in the treatments with Excoecaria (32 mg L^− 1) and Avicennia (24 mg L^− 1) leaves. However, there were no significant differences in growth and survival rates of shrimp among the aerobic treatments loaded with different leaf types. The results of this study showed that moderate load of mangrove leaves could play an important role in promoting shrimp growth and survival in aerobic condition. Mangrove leaves at a loading rate of 1 g L^− 1 positively influenced both the survival and growth rate of shrimps.  相似文献   

Bacteria or commercial diet: the preferences of Litopenaeus vannamei     

Oliver Schneider  Tuan Le  Cong  Vasiliki Sereti  Johan W Schrama  Ep H Eding  & Johan A J Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):204-207

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