Ex-situ bioremediation of shrimp culture effluent using constructed microbial mats   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J. Paniagua-Michel  O. Garcia 《Aquacultural Engineering》2003,28(3-4):131-139

In coastal countries, marine shrimp industry poses a problem with respect to the waste effluent disposal into the ocean as well as the nearby area. Constructed microbial mats offer an interesting alternative for shrimp culture effluents. The treatment concept relies on the immobilization of natural marine microbial consortium on glass wool to mitigate the levels of dissolved nitrogen from a shrimp culture effluent. Our results indicate that average efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen removal from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) effluent was 97% and 95% for nitrate nitrogen, over a 20 days period of treatment. This treatment via constructed microbial mats is a technically feasible method for simultaneously reducing effluent nutrient loading (especially nitrate and ammonia) and for reducing organic loading (especially BOD₅) of shrimp culture effluents.  相似文献   

Evaluation of microalgae diets for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae using a simple protocol     

Maximiano Nuñez  César Lodeiros  Marcos de Donato  César Graziani 《Aquaculture International》2002,10(3):177-187

We evaluated native marine microalgae isolated from NortheasternVenezuela, as food for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae,compared to six microalgae commonly used in aquaculture. We evaluated themicroalgal ingestability calculating the biomass consumed by larvae, later weevaluated three monoalgal diets on protozoea stages of L.vannamei over 72 hr based on the larval biomass,RNA/DNAindex and the proportion of stage retarded larvae. The presence of everymicroalgae species in the protozoea's digestive tract indicated theirconsumption. Chaetoceros spp. showed high ingestabilityandTetraselmis spp. and Skeletonema sp.Ch1 showed low ingestability. The native microalgaeChaetoceros sp. A1 and Chaetocerossp.G1 were evaluated as monoalgal diets compared to Chaetocerosgracilis. Ch. gracilis demonstrated the bestresults when the evaluation was performed with the RNA/DNA index. However, thesurvival rate, larval biomass and percentage of stage retarded larvae fed withChaetoceros sp. G1 were not statistically different fromthose fed with Ch. gracilis. Taking into account thatnative microalgae produced higher biomass in shorter times when they werecultured in field conditions, the results suggest that native microalgae areadequate for large-scale culture conditions, thus reducing costs. Thedetermination of microalgal size and the larval consumption, dry and organiclarvae biomass and specially the RNA/DNA index, were valuable features of thisevaluation. The protocol developed in this study could be used to evaluatemicroalgae quality under different environmental conditions and productionregimes.  相似文献   

十足目虹彩病毒1的研究进展     

绳秀珍  吴明顺  叶海斌  王晓璐  王友红  于晓清  许拉  刘洪军 《水产学报》2022,46(5):721-729

虾虹彩病毒病是一种感染甲壳类的急性、传染性疾病,其病原为虹彩病毒科的一个新属即十足目虹彩病毒属的十足目虹彩病毒1 (Decapod iridescent virus 1,DIV1)。DIV1传播速率快、宿主范围广、致死率高,近年来在对虾养殖过程中广泛流行,给我国对虾养殖业造成巨大经济损失。目前,对DIV1引发的虾虹彩病毒病的病原学、病理学、流行病学、检测诊断等方面已开展了部分研究,但对病毒感染的分子机制、宿主的应答规律等还知之甚少。本文对DIV1的发现过程、分类地位、形态特征、感染特性、机体响应机制、基因组信息、宿主范围、传播途径及检测方法等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,阐述了疾病防控及未来展望,以期为虾虹彩病毒病的深入研究及有效防控提供参考。  相似文献   

HPLC-MS/MS法测定巢湖水产品中抗生素残留量     

王华章  王晨晨  唐俊 《安徽农业科学》2015,(22)

[目的]了解巢湖湖区鱼虾体内抗生素的残留现状.[方法]从湖区渔船和岸边集市采集鱼虾样品22份,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行抗生素检测.[结果]磺胺类、喹诺酮类和四环素类15种抗生素共有5种抗生素被检出,分别为磺胺嘧啶、磺胺氯达嗪、洛美沙星、恩洛沙星和氧氟沙星,平均浓度为0.21～1.94 μg/kg,均未超过食品中抗生素限量标准.22份样品中检出抗生素较多的是河虾、白米虾和鲤鱼等底栖杂食性鱼类.[结论]巢湖湖区水产品中抗生素残留水平较低,符合食品安全标准.  相似文献   

虾壳中虾青素提取工艺条件的确定及优化     

王茵  胡婷婷  吴成业 《福建农业学报》2013,(10):1045-1049

为探讨南美白对虾虾壳中天然虾青素的提取工艺,试验通过比较不同的前处理方式、溶剂类型及提取次数对提取率的影响,确定酸浸泡脱钙前处理、乙醇溶剂提取及二次浸提等工艺技术。进一步通过单因素试验和正交试验进行条件优化,获得乙醇提取虾青素的最佳工艺参数为料液比1：10、pH3.0、温度60℃、时间3.5 h。在此条件下,虾类加工副产物中的天然虾青素提取率为271.3 μg·g-1。  相似文献   

船载投饵装置平衡抖料系统设计与试验   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

胡庆松  郑波  曹佳瑞  陈雷雷  李俊  RAHMAN Hafiz Abd ur 《上海海洋大学学报》2020,29(6):928-937

针对船载虾塘投饵装置直接搭载传统投饵机导致破碎率高、下料过程中船体重心偏移大影响螺旋桨吃水深度等问题，设计了一种船载专用投饵装置平衡抖料系统。该系统利用电机带动偏心轮转动产生周期变化的高低差，通过多个支撑架复合式作用使饵料箱体整体平衡抖动，保障均匀下料的同时降低饵料破碎率；采用系统固定支点位置可调的整体抖动下料方式，实现较长距离无损饵料输送，解决了投喂过程船体因重心位置变化大导致尾部驱动部分吃水线变化幅度过大的问题，使得螺旋桨驱动效能更加稳定。通过抖料系统机构数学模型，获得了振动系统最优偏心量；采用力矩平衡方程进行了抖料装置支架最佳点位置分析；开展了电机能耗测试以及转动支架与料箱坡角设计。计算分析得：当偏心量为1.2mm，支点位置（-40，0）时，以额定转速2600r/min直流电机作振动源电机，实际工作功率低于80W，下料速率接近均值1.63kg/min。现场试验表明：与料箱置于尾部相比，船体驱动部分满载和空载吃水变化由10.2cm减小为7.3cm；该投饵装置正常工作速度平均1.03m/s，下料均匀，破碎率低。该系统适应于现场环境，生产和维护成本低，结构简单可靠，便于推广应用，具有较高的实用价值。  相似文献   

日本刺沙蚕的生物学特性及其在对虾养殖中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶建生 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(15):7883-7883,7938

简要介绍了日本刺沙蚕的形态、生态、生长和生殖等生物学特性,并总结了其在对虾养殖中的作用。  相似文献   

Epidemiological Investigation of Brackish Water Culture Systems in West Bengal,India     

R. Ananda Raja  A. Panigrahi  Sujeet Kumar 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):49-59

An epidemiological investigation was done in brackish water culture systems in three coastal districts of West Bengal. A total of 198 farms were randomly surveyed with a structured questionnaire. The data showed that there was a significant difference in outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) (p < 0.01), shell-associated problems (p < 0.01), and gill-associated problems (p < 0.05) among the culture systems. Among all systems, stunted and uneven growth and white fecal disease (only in shrimp monoculture) were the dominant emerging disorders. WSD remained the most prevalent disease. Some farms tested (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) positive for WSD, but the animals were apparently healthy. Chlorination, use of PCR screening, application of immunostimulants, and strict bio-security measures play major roles in containing disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Effect of different biofloc levels on microbial activity,water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a tank system operated with no water exchange     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2013

In zero-exchange superintensive culture systems, flocculated particles (bioflocs) accumulate in the water column. Consequently, some control over the concentration of these particles must be performed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of three concentrations of bioflocs on microbial activity, selected water quality indicators and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a tank system operated with no water exchange. A 44-day study was conducted with juvenile (6.8 g) shrimp stocked in twelve 850 L tanks at a stocking density of 459 shrimp m⁻³. Biofloc levels were expressed as three presets of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, as follows: 200 mg L⁻¹ (T200), 400–600 mg L⁻¹ (T400–600), and 800–1000 mg L⁻¹ (T800–1000). TSS levels were controlled by attaching a 40 L settling tank to each culture tank. Reduction of TSS to concentrations close to 200 mg L⁻¹ decreased the time of bacterial cell residence and significantly reduced the nitrification rates in the water (P < 0.05). The tanks in the T200 treatment had a greater variability of ammonia and nitrite (P < 0.05), which led to the need to increase the C:N ratio of the organic substrate to control ammonia through its assimilation into heterotrophic bacterial biomass. But the higher production of heterotrophic bacteria in T200 (P < 0.05) increased the dissolved oxygen demand. Nitrification rates were higher (P < 0.05) in tanks with TSS concentrations above 400 mg L⁻¹, and ammonia and nitrite were significantly lower than in the T200 tanks. We suggest that ammonia and nitrite in the T400–600 and T800–1000 tanks were controlled primarily by nitrifying bacteria, which provided higher stability of these parameters and of dissolved oxygen. Regarding shrimp performance, the reduction of TSS to levels close to 200 mg L⁻¹ was associated with better nutritional quality of bioflocs. Nevertheless, differences in biofloc levels and nutritional quality were not sufficient to affect the weight gain by shrimp. The rate of shrimp survival and the final shrimp biomass were lower (P < 0.05) when the TSS concentrations were higher than 800 mg L⁻¹. Analysis of the shrimps’ gills showed a higher degree of occlusion in the T800–1000 treatment (P < 0.05), which suggests that the shrimp have an intolerance to environments with a solids concentration above 800 mg L⁻¹. Our results show that intermediate levels of bioflocs (TSS between 400 and 600 mg L⁻¹) appear to be more suitable to superintensive culture of L. vannamei since they create factors propitious for maintaining the system’s productivity and stability  相似文献   

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成和数量分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏陆军  陈万东  郑基  蔡厚才  伍尔魏  毕耜瑶  谢旭  俞存根 《中国水产科学》2016,23(3):648-660

根据2013年11月、2014年2月、5月、9月在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区开展渔业资源调查所获得的虾类调查资料,将生物量作为虾类资源分布的数量指标,对南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成、数量分布、优势种变化,及其与环境因子的关系等进行了研究。结果如下:(1)调查海域共鉴定出虾类25种,隶属于9科17属,虾类生物量各季节由高到低依次为夏季(32358.0 g)、秋季(13033.0 g)、冬季(3938.6 g)、春季(3635.6 g);(2)虾类数量分布季节变化明显,且岛礁区偏外的开阔海域虾类生物量比较高;(3)不同季节优势种更替较显著,春季优势种为日本鼓虾、鲜明鼓虾和细巧仿对虾,夏季优势种为哈氏仿对虾和中华管鞭虾,秋季优势种为中华管鞭虾、细巧仿对虾和哈氏仿对虾,冬季的优势种为细巧仿对虾、脊尾白虾、鲜明鼓虾和日本鼓虾;(4)水深对虾类生物量分布影响明显,各季节虾类生物量与环境因子相关性关系变化较大。结论认为,南麂列岛调查海域的虾类种类以季节性的广温广盐性种类为主;主要优势种生物量夏秋两季明显高于冬春两季,可能是因为大量虾类冬春季离开该海域去其他海域越冬繁殖,而到了夏秋季则回到该海域产卵、育肥和栖息;在夏、秋、冬季沿岸区虾类生物量高于岩礁区,可能因为虾类一般生活于有利于索饵、成长的泥沙底质沿岸区;优势种更替显著与主要优势种生长周期与虾类个体大小特征有关;南麂列岛海域虾类生物量与环境因子关系复杂与该海域多变的温度盐度、复杂区系特点有关;虾类生物量分布随水深变化分布明显,这主要是由于调查海域主要优势种虾类活动范围与水深有关。  相似文献