Degradation of Soils in the Lowland of Kur-Araz     

E. A. Gurbanov  S. A. Ganiyeva 《农业科学与技术》2011,(2):249-254

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Response of Cotton to Irrigation Methods and Nitrogen Fertilization: Yield Components,Water‐Use Efficiency,Nitrogen Uptake,and Recovery     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2282-2302

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Cotton yield parameters, fiber quality, water‐ and N‐use efficiency responses to N, and irrigation methods in northern Syria were evaluated. Field trials were conducted for two growing seasons on a Chromoxerertic Rhodoxeralf. Treatments consisted of drip fertigation, furrow irrigation, and five different rates of N fertilizer (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha). Cotton was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth was 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Seed cotton yield was higher than the national average (3,928 kg/ha) by at least 12% as compared to all treatments. Lint properties were not negatively affected by the irrigation method or N rates. Water savings under drip fertigation ranged between 25 and 50% of irrigation water relative to furrow irrigation. Crop water‐use efficiencies of the drip‐fertigated treatments were in most cases 100% higher than those of the corresponding furrow‐irrigated treatments. The highest water demand was during the fruit‐setting growth stage. It was also concluded that under drip fertigation, 100–150 N kg/ha was adequate and comparable with the highest N rates tested under furrow irrigation regarding lint yield, N uptake, and recovery. Based on cotton seed yield and weight of stems, the overall amount of N removed from the field for the drip‐fertigated treatments ranged between 101 and 118kg and 116 and 188 N/ha for 2001 and 2002, respectively. The N removal ranged between 94 and 113 and 111 and 144 kg N/ha for the furrow‐irrigated treatments for 2001 and 2002, respectively.  相似文献   

洞庭湖区地下水生物除锰试验研究     

余健  曾光明  陈宇辉  姚志强  王烽 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,31(2)

通过试验 ,研究了洞庭湖区地下水生物除锰滤池的成熟过程与除锰效果 ,探讨了 pH值、氧化还原电位 (ORP)以及亚铁离子 (Fe2 + )与生物除锰的关系。结果表明 ,石英砂滤池除锰能力与砂层细菌含量密切相关 ;在试验进水水质条件下 ,通过自然培养 ,石英砂生物除锰滤池可在 6 0天内培养成熟 ;在 12m/h的较高滤速下 ,生物滤池仍有良好的除锰、除浊效果和很长的过滤周期 ;当出水 pH为 5～ 8.5时 ,出水含锰量小于 0 .1mg/L ,但当pH <5时 ,出水含锰量随进水 pH值的降低而急剧增加 ;当ORP为 4 30～ 72 0mV时 ,生物滤池具有良好的除锰效果 ;Fe2 + 与生物滤池除锰能力密切相关 .  相似文献   

Nutrient management for avocado (Persea americana miller)     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2012,35(1):138-147

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The impact of beaver dam removal on the chemical properties of water in drainage ditches in peatland forests     

Zane Kalvīte  Zane Lībiete  Ivars Kļaviņš  Arta Bārdule  Kārlis Bičkovskis 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2021,36(1):1-14

ABSTRACT

Despite near-extinction in the nineteenth century, after efficient restoration measures the population of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Latvia currently is viable and growing. While the ecological effect of the species on water quality and biodiversity is generally positive, the high number of animals in production forests often creates challenges for management. Drainage ditches are among the most favoured habitats of beavers resulting in flooded stands, reduced tree growth and economical losses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties of water in forest drainage ditches, affected by beaver activity, and their changes after the dam removal. Chemical composition of surface water in ditches was analysed in sampling points above dam, below dam and in the ditch itself after removal of the dam; results compared to pristine beaver site nearby on a small stream. Results did not show significant differences between concentrations above and below dams. After removal of the dams, significant increase in DOC, N-NO₃ ^-, N-NH₄ ⁺ and TSS concentrations and significant decrease in TP concentrations were observed in some of the sites. Observed concentrations of all measured parameters were significantly lower in pristine beaver site than in beaver sites on drainage ditches.  相似文献   

马铃薯联合收获机环形减损集薯升运装置设计与试验     

李学强  王兴欢  刘洋  王法明  孟鹏祥  王金梅 《农业机械学报》2023,54(12):109-120

针对现有马铃薯联合收获机升运输送行程长而导致伤薯率高、破皮率高、机具结构不紧凑等问题,结合北方马铃薯主产区收获模式,设计了一款适用于马铃薯升运作业的环形减损集薯升运装置。在阐述总体结构及工作原理基础上,结合马铃薯运动学模型和碰撞特性分析,得到影响升运效率和薯块损伤的主要因素,通过DEM-MBD耦合构建薯块和装置模型,得到最优参数组合：升运挡板高度为199.21 mm、升运挡板与升运输送带间夹角为75.86°、相邻两升运挡板间距为240.35 mm。台架试验表明：上料量为24 t/h,升运输送带运行速度为0.8、1.0、1.2 m/s时,电子马铃薯采集的碰撞加速度峰值平均值为636.63、593.29、685.63 m/s²,破皮率为1.13%、1.06%、1.21%,碰撞加速度峰值均小于马铃薯临界损伤阈值。田间试验表明：作业速度为0.6、0.7、0.8 m/s时,伤薯率为0.94%、1.06%、1.12%,破皮率为1.09%、1.21%、1.33%,环形减损集薯升运装置运行正常,未出现薯块掉落等现象,各部件配合协调,满足装袋型马铃薯联合收获机高效稳定的作业要求。  相似文献   

金银花静电除杂装置设计与试验     

王凤花  林玉红  赖庆辉  王永杰  田保宁  苏微 《农业机械学报》2023,54(8):143-154

针对金银花除杂过程中编织袋丝去除效果不佳的问题,本文基于静电分离技术,设计了一种金银花静电除杂装置。通过理论分析,推导了静电场中金银花和编织袋丝产生轨迹分离的临界条件,验证了静电分离技术用于金银花除杂具有一定的可行性。基于单因素试验和COMSOL电场仿真,进一步探究了各影响因素对除杂性能的影响,确定了静电极形状为圆弧形、静电极角度α为45°。以高压静电发生器的输出电压U、静电极与辊筒的间距L和辊筒转速N为试验因素,开展Box-Behnken试验,分别建立了除杂率和误除率的二次回归方程。采用响应面分析法探明了各试验因素对试验指标的影响规律。通过参数寻优,确定了该装置的最优工作参数为U=11.9 kV、N=28 r/min以及L=60 mm。台架试验结果显示,除杂率和误除率分别为94.47%和0.89%,满足金银花除杂要求。  相似文献   

大薸对奶厅废水主要污染物的去除效果研究     

刘鹤莹  张嫚  翟中葳  杨鹏  支苏丽  沈仕洲  张克强 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(11):2525-2538

为探索低成本高效率的奶厅废水处理新技术,本研究以大薸（Pistia stratiotes）为研究对象,选择某奶牛养殖场奶厅废水原水、厌氧处理后和好氧处理后的废水开展室内试验,重点研究大薸对奶厅废水中主要胁迫盐分的耐受浓度阈值,以及大薸对奶厅废水中基础养分（TN、TP、COD等）和阴离子盐（SO₄^2-、Cl^-等）的去除效果。结果表明：当奶厅废水的电导率未超过2 193~2 527 μS·cm^-1时,大薸对奶厅废水中的盐分具有耐受性。但当奶厅废水中两种主要阴离子盐SO₄^2-和Cl^-含量分别超过5 mmol·L^-1和15~25mmol·L^-1时,大薸抗氧化酶活性受到抑制。在净化三类奶厅废水的过程中,大薸对水体COD的削减作用最为明显,减少了65.51%~86.75%,TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP含量分别降低了69.46%~87.52%、64.00%~96.59%和30.73%~66.02%,而SO₄^2-和Cl^-分别被大薸吸收了16.37%~18.04%和22.02%~35.83%。此外,大薸处理时间为23 d时,对奶厅废水原水和厌氧处理后的废水中多种污染物的去除效果最好。奶厅废水经厌氧处理后,大薸对多种污染物的削减作用更为明显,对水体中TN、NH₄⁺-N、TOC、SO₄^2-和Cl^-的去除效果较原水分别提升了9.60%、42.83%、40.94%、2.00%和13.81%。研究表明,大薸对奶厅废水中盐分具有耐受性,且奶厅废水经厌氧处理后大薸可以更为有效地降低其中主要污染物含量。  相似文献   

齿盘式秸秆移位装置设计与试验     

孙萌萌  宋明翰  何瑞银  魏清 《中国农机化学报》2021,42(12):30

针对江苏地区油菜免耕播种机作业时存在易堵塞、种床清洁率低等问题,设计一种齿盘式秸秆移位装置,通过运动力学分析确定秸秆移位的重要影响因素,使用离散元仿真软件进行仿真试验,得出秸秆移位装置工作时的最佳参数组合,最后进行台架试验验证仿真试验准确性。仿真试验结果表明秸秆清除率与位移偏角以及前进速度均呈现正相关的关系,当前进速度一定时,位移偏角越大,装置的秸秆清除效果越好;当位移偏角一定时,前进速度越大,装置的秸秆清除效果越好。当前进速度为0.6 m/s、位移偏角为30°时,秸秆清除率达到最大值64.70%。台架验证试验表明,当机具前进速度为0.6 m/s、齿盘位移偏角为30°时秸秆清除效果较好,此时秸秆清除率为60.69%。试验结果表明齿盘式秸秆移位装置的设计基本满足油菜播种的要求。  相似文献   

凤眼莲动态模块化治理湖泊污染的设计     

王传胜  吴智弘  朱敏  万小琼 《绿色科技》2014,(8):227-229

指出了环境生态工程采用生态学理论,强调将环境问题于系统内解决,使受污染的环境能够适时与周边的大自然友好和谐地融为一体,注重经济效益和生态效益的高度统一,已经逐步发展为最受欢迎的修复水体的技术之一。凤眼莲是修复污染湖泊的良好先锋植物,但其易泛滥成灾和含水量甚高的特性限制了人们对其大规模的使用。本着环境生态工程的理念,建立了凤眼莲动态模块化的浮床装置,利用风能为浮床装置提供电能,结合装置内的螺旋桨动力结构使浮床移动,通过旋转吊臂滑轮和底部尼龙网结构使凤眼莲机械化原位去水。此设计在实现低廉、高效治理水体富营养化和重金属等污染问题的同时,也有效解决了凤眼莲可能泛滥成灾的隐患,达到生态效益、经济效益和景观效益的协调统一。  相似文献