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21.
ABSTRACT: The optimal water temperature in seed germination and the upper critical water temperature in seedling growth were determined for Zostera marina collected from Ise Bay, Japan. The relationship between the seed germination rates and seed storage period (0, 30 and 60 days at 0°C) was also examined. The optimal water temperature for seed germination was in the range from 10 to 15°C regardless of the storage periods, in which germination rates ranged from 35 to 57%. Seedlings grown from seed up to 10 cm in total length were cultured for 1 week under various water temperatures to measure their relative growth rates. The optimal water temperature in growth was in the range from 20 to 25°C; relative growth rates ranged from 2.0 to 2.6%. Seedlings could survive up to a water temperature of 28°C, but most seedlings withered at 29 or 30°C. The optimal water temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth were related to the seasonal changes of water temperature at the sampling site. Although seedlings were rarely observed in the field in summer, they can grow at temperatures as high as 28°C. Therefore, Z. marina may extend its distribution as far as where the summer water temperature is lower than 28°C. 相似文献
22.
Youjing Lv Xindi Shan Xia Zhao Chao Cai Xiaoliang Zhao Yinzhi Lang He Zhu Guangli Yu 《Marine drugs》2015,13(6):3710-3731
An apigalacturonan (AGA)-rich polysaccharide, ZCMP, was isolated from the sea grass Zostera caespitosa Miki. The depolymerized fragments derived from ZCMP were obtained by either acidic degradation or pectinase degradation, and their structures were characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced-dissociation mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of ZCMP was 77.2 kD and it consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), apiosefuranose (Api), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), and mannose (Man), at a molar ratio of 51.4꞉15.5꞉6.0꞉11.8꞉4.2꞉4.4꞉4.2. There were two regions of AGA (70%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-Ι, 30%) in ZCMP. AGA was composed of an α-1,4-d-galactopyranosyluronan backbone mainly substituted at the O-3 position by single Api residues. RG-Ι possessed a backbone of repeating disaccharide units of →4GalAα1,2Rhaα1→, with a few α-l-arabinose and β-d-galactose residues as side chains. The anti-angiogenesis assay showed that ZCMP inhibited the migratory activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs), with no influence on endothelial cells growth. ZCMP also promoted macrophage phagocytosis. These findings of the present study demonstrated the potential anti-tumor activity of ZCMP through anti-angiogenic and immunoregulatory pathways. 相似文献
23.
大叶藻黄酮对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了深入挖掘大叶藻黄酮(ZF)的生物活性,提高大叶藻的利用价值,本实验研究了ZF对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用;实验采用纤维素酶-超声波辅助复合浸提法提取大叶藻中的天然活性物质黄酮类化合物,并采用聚酰胺树脂柱层析法对其进行纯化;研究ZF的体外抗氧化能力;将60只ICR小鼠随机分成6组,通过建立酒精性肝损伤模型,研究ZF对肝损伤的保护作用;结果显示,经纯化后ZF的含量达到80%。体外实验表明ZF对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基有清除能力,具有一定的抗氧化活性;体内实验表明ZF对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化能力、脂质代谢能力以及乙醇代谢能力均有影响。ZF各剂量组与模型组相比,血清ALT、AST和γ-GT活性显著降低,肝组织MDA含量显著降低,乙醇代谢酶活性显著提高;ZF中、高剂量组小鼠肝组织GSH-Px和SOD活性显著提高,血脂浓度显著降低。长期过量饮酒可导致小鼠肝脏严重损伤,ZF可以改善小鼠肝组织损伤情况,对酒精性肝损伤起到保护作用,其机制可能与增强机体抗氧化能力、调节脂质代谢和乙醇代谢能力有关。 相似文献
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A semi-annual eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) population became extinct in 2004. It had flourished for many decades at Terschelling in the western Wadden Sea, one of the most eutrophied locations where seagrass growth has been recorded. Semi-annual populations survive the winter season by seed (annual), and by incidental plant survival (semi-annual). We compared seed bank dynamics and fate of plants between this impacted site and a reference site in the winter of 1990-1991. Seed bank density at Terschelling was extremely low (5-35 seeds m−2) in comparison to the reference site (>60 seeds m−2) and also in comparison to seed bank densities of (semi-)annual eelgrass populations in other parts of the world. Plant survival during winter was nil. Nevertheless, the population more than doubled its area in 1991, implying maximum germination and seedling survival rates. However, from 1992 onwards the decline set in and continued - while the nutrient levels decreased. To establish the cause of the low seed bank density, we conducted a transplantation experiment in 2004 to study the relationship between seed production and macro-algal cover. The transplantation experiment showed a negative relationship between the survival of seed producing shoots and suffocation by macro-algae, which is associated with light limitation and unfavourable biogeochemical conditions. The plants died before they had started to produce seeds. Thus, it is likely that macro-algal cover was responsible for the low seed bank density found in Terschelling in 1990-1991. Both the recorded low seed bank density and absence of incidental plant survival during winter were related to eutrophication. These parameters must have been a severe bottleneck in the life history of the extinct population at the impacted site, particularly as Z. marina seed banks are transient. Therefore we deduce that this population had survived at the edge of collapse, and became extinct after a small, haphazard environmental change. We argue that its resilience during these years must have been due to (i) maximum germination and seedling survival rates and (ii) spatial spreading of risks: parts of the population may have survived at locally macro-algae-free spots from where the area could be recolonised. As a consequence, the timing of the collapse was unpredictable and did not synchronise with the eutrophication process. The lesson learnt for conservation is to recognise that eutrophication may be a cause for seagrass population collapse and its eventual extinction, even years after nutrient levels stabilised, or even decreased. 相似文献
25.
为明确鳗草(Zosteramarina)根际溶磷微生物溶磷能力及其对鳗草生长的影响,采用选择性无磷培养基从鳗草根际土壤中分离获得4株具较高溶磷能力的菌株(P1、P2、P3和P4),从形态学、生理生化特征及16Sr DNA等方面对菌株进行了鉴定,探讨了菌株的最适培养条件,研究了其对鳗草植株存活、生长、生理及根际土壤酶活力的影响。结果表明,菌株P1～P4分别为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis P1)、桑肠杆菌(Enterobacter mori P2)、大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli P3)和Cobetia marina P4; 72 h菌株培养液中可溶性磷含量分别为116.98 mg/L、123.13 mg/L、130.21 mg/L和76.54 mg/L;最适培养温度分别为34.67℃、33.95℃、34.60℃和31.19℃;最适培养盐度分别为27.10、28.29、29.54和26.08;最适初始pH分别为8.26、7.92、8.17和8.21。鳗草室外盆栽实验证实,4个接菌处理组对鳗草植株的存活、生长生理及根际土壤酶活力等指标均有不同程度的提高或改善。其中菌株P2对鳗草生长的影响最为显著,单株新叶面积、地上及地下生产力最高,为(54.31±4.79)cm~2、(3.58±0.36)mg/(shoot·d)及(0.28±0.04) mg/(shoot·d),是对照组的2.77、2.91和1.75倍;叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素4种光合色素含量分别为31.35μg/cm~2、12.57μg/cm2、39.42μg/cm~2和6.21μg/cm~2,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。除菌株P4处理组外,其余各处理组的碱性磷酸酶活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。但脲酶含量与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。综合分析认为,桑肠杆菌(Enterobacter mori P2)具备进一步研制溶磷微生物肥料的潜力,在海草床生态系统恢复中可能具有较高的应用价值。研究结果为深入探究高效溶磷菌株功能与代谢调控及其在鳗草植株人工促繁中的作用奠定了基础。 相似文献
26.
桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)床周边存在大量的底栖菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum),为摸清菲律宾蛤仔的生理活动与大叶藻的相互作用,2016年5~7月,在菲律宾蛤仔和大叶藻集中分布区,评估了菲律宾蛤仔种群资源量,现场流水法测定了菲律宾蛤仔个体水平的摄食、代谢生理,围隔实验法探讨了种群水平蛤仔与大叶藻的相互作用。结果显示,桑沟湾楮岛大叶藻床海区菲律宾蛤仔的平均生物量为(572.00±20.23) ind./m2,大(壳长为3.50~4.10 cm)、中(壳长为3.00~3.50 cm)、小(壳长为2.00~3.00 cm)规格各占9.01%、43.60%和47.38%。菲律宾蛤仔的排氨率、耗氧率、滤水率、摄食率分别为(0.44±0.15)~(1.40±0.35) μmol/(ind.·h)、(0.21±0.02)~(0.33± 0.08) mg/(ind.·h)、(0.69±0.38)~(0.83±0.66) L/(ind.·h)和(2.57±0.41)~(3.41±0.68) mg/(ind.·h),且都随体重的增加而增大。围隔实验设有3个实验组(蛤仔组、大叶藻组和大叶藻+蛤仔组),1个空白组,每组3个平行(大叶藻30茎枝左右、蛤仔15个左右),实验进行4 h。研究表明,蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组和大叶藻组间的溶氧浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组与其他3组的氨氮浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05);蛤仔组、大叶藻+蛤仔组与空白组的水体颗粒物浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05),大叶藻组与空白组差异不显著(P>0.05)。桑沟湾楮岛海区菲律宾蛤仔养殖面积约为0.5 km2,蛤仔每天可以过滤46 t海水中的悬浮颗粒物,并为大叶藻提供0.4 t的氨氮。本研究为深入揭示大叶藻海区菲律宾蛤仔的生态作用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
27.
1. The effect of habitat fragmentation was investigated in two adjacent, yet separate, intertidal Zostera marina beds in the Salcombe Estuary, Devon, UK. The seagrass bed on the west bank comprised a continuous meadow of ca. 2.3 ha, whilst the bed on the east bank of the estuary was fragmented into patches of 6–9 m2. 2. Three 10 cm diameter core samples for infaunal macroinvertebrates were taken from three stations within each bed. No significant difference was found in univariate community parameters between beds, or in measured seagrass parameters. However, multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in community composition, due mainly to small changes in species abundance rather than differences in the species present. 3. The species contributing most to the dissimilarity between the two communities were polychaetes generally associated with unvegetated habitats (e.g. Magelona mirabilis) and found to be more common in the fragmented bed. 4. A significant difference in median grain size and sorting coefficient was recorded between the two beds, and median grain size was found to be the variable best explaining multivariate community patterns. 5. The results of the study provide evidence for the effects of habitat fragmentation on the communities associated with seagrass beds, habitats which are of high conservation importance. As the infaunal community is perhaps intuitively the component least likely to be affected by fragmentation at the scale observed, the significant difference in community composition recorded has consequences for more sensitive and high‐profile parts of the biota (e.g. fish), and thus for the conservation of seagrass habitats and their associated communities. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
28.
海水浊度升高是导致海草床退化的主要因素之一。通过3个月的室内实验，研究了不同水体浊度[2 (对照)、10、20、30和40 NTU]对鳗草存活、生长和生理的影响。结果显示，3个月后，鳗草植株的存活率随水体浊度升高呈现逐渐降低趋势，10~40 NTU处理组植株存活均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，至40 NTU处理组，植株存活率仅为对照组的56.1%；随水体浊度升高，植株的生长速率和生产力亦呈现下降趋势，至40 NTU处理组，植株茎节延伸速率和叶片延伸速率达到最小值，分别下降至对照组的48.9%和61.6%，地上生产力和地下生产力与对照组相比下降了64.6%和78.8%；相关性分析表明，长期浊度胁迫主要是通过影响植株非结构性碳水化合物含量，进而对植株生长存活产生负面影响。植株非结构性碳水化合物含量随水体浊度增加而逐渐下降，10~40 NTU处理组植株碳水化合物含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，各浊度升高处理组植株地上组织可溶性糖含量相比对照组降低了20.2%~74.7%。研究表明，水体浊度长期升高导致鳗草植株非结构性碳水化合物显著下降，对鳗草的生长存活不利。本研究为阐明鳗草海草床退化机理和选划适宜修复区等提供了理论依据。 相似文献