Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system     

Wanping Zhang  Biao Jiang  Weiguan Li  Hui Song  Yongsong Yu  Jinfeng Chen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.  相似文献   

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

Sven-Erik Jacobsen  Fulai LiuChristian Richardt Jensen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.  相似文献   

一氧化氮对猕猴桃果实营养品质和活性氧代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱树华  孙丽娜  周杰 《果树学报》2009,26(3)

分别用10、20和30μL.L-1一氧化氮(NO)气体熏蒸猕猴桃果实,研究NO对采后徐香猕猴桃(Actinidia chi-nensis Planch.cv.Xuxiang)的营养品质变化和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,20μL.L-1 NO处理后的猕猴桃果实含有较低的可溶性固形物和较高的可滴定酸、维生素C,且果实中丙二醛和超氧自由基质量分数低于其他体积分数的NO熏蒸处理(10和30μL.L-1 NO)。20μL.L-1 NO处理降低了猕猴桃果实中LOX活性,延缓了猕猴桃果实采后期间CAT活性的降低,显著提高了猕猴桃果实SOD和POD活性,且显著降低了猕猴桃果实中过氧化氢的质量分数。20μL.L-1 NO气体熏蒸保持了猕猴桃中较高的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素以及维生素E的质量分数。  相似文献   

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. Gallardo  J.S. Rodríguez  M.D. Fernández  J.J. Magán 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1773-1784

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.  相似文献   

日光温室内光合有效辐射基本特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

郑健  蔡焕杰  王健  王燕 《农业机械学报》2009,40(12):164-168

基于日光温室内观测的辐射资料,对光合有效辐射特征及对作物的影响进行研究分析.结果表明:温室内日光合有效辐射累计值与日水面蒸发量呈较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.7974;日光温室内作物光合速率随光合有效辐射上升到一定程度后,将不随光合有效辐射的增加而增加;叶片细胞液质量分数与光合有效辐射日变化均呈单峰型曲线,叶片细胞液质量分数相对于光合有效辐射有明显的滞后现象;日光温室内冬、春季晴天及阴天的太阳总辐射Q和光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化均为单峰型曲线,晴天和阴天太阳总辐射和光合有效辐射日变化趋势一致,阴天比晴天小;2007年秋季和2008年春季日光温室内小型西瓜的光合有效辐射利用率分别为6.38%和6.31%,高于大田作物的光合有效辐射利用率值.  相似文献   

温度对小球藻生长量和溶氧量影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨桂娟  栾忠奇  周笑辉 《农机化研究》2009,31(9)

采用梯度法研究温度对小球藻生长量和溶氧量的影响.结果表明:小球藻对温度的适应范围较广,5～30℃期间小球藻均可正常生长,25℃为小球藻生长的最适温度,此时小球藻的生长速度与溶氧量增长速度达到最大,结果可为小球藻生长量和溶氧量的研究提供参考依据.  相似文献   

YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314育性转换过程中叶片和幼穗酶活性的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋喜悦  胡银岗  马翎健  李宏斌  何蓓如 《麦类作物学报》2009,29(5):818-822

为研究YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系的育性转换机制,在不同育性条件下,测定了YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314及其原同型保持系TSP3314不同发育时期叶片和幼穗中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明,两种育性条件下,A3314幼穗中酶的变化较叶片对其育性影响大;同一发育时期SOD、POD、CAT活性基本呈现不育条件下比可育条件下低的趋势,特别是在减数分裂期后表现更加明显.MDA含量与SOD、POD、CAT活性变化趋势相反.这些结果说明YS型小麦温敏不育系中酶活性与花粉育性密切相关.  相似文献   

超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系   总被引：45，自引：2，他引：45  

朱诚  傅亚萍  孙宗修 《中国水稻科学》2002,16(4):326-330

 对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。  相似文献   

猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯的制备及抗氧化活性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田龙 《华中农业大学学报》2007,26(4):570-573

采用氯磺酸-吡啶法合成猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯,对试剂比例、反应温度和反应时间等因素对取代度的影响进行了研究,并用体外试验观察了多糖硫酸酯对超氧阴离子、羟自由基、DPPH的清除作用以及对H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血和大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化的保护作用,结果表明猕猴桃果水溶性多糖硫酸酯具有显著的体外抗氧化活性。  相似文献   

盐度对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹标准代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

黄孝锋  赵峰  王妤  宋超  张涛  庄平 《中国水产科学》2016,23(5):1157-1163

对均重(0.12±0.01)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)仔蟹在6个盐度(0、4、8、12、16、20)梯度下的标准代谢进行研究。各梯度的水温为(24±0.5)℃、溶解氧为(8.12±0.23)g/m L、p H为7.5±0.18。在不同时间段测量各盐度梯度代谢瓶内溶氧量、CO_2含量及NH_3-N含量,将时间与耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率进行回归分析。研究结果表明,根据仔蟹行为及代谢瓶内氧气含量与时间(h)的回归分析将仔蟹行为可分3个阶段:自由运动阶段[DO2.33 mg/L]、生存阶段[0.33 mg/LDO2.33 mg/L]及窒息阶段[DO0.33 mg/L]。在自由运动阶段和生存阶段,盐度对仔蟹耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率影响显著(P0.05);在窒息阶段,盐度对仔蟹的耗氧率、CO_2排出率及NH_3-N排泄率影响不显著(P0.05)。研究结果还表明中华绒螯蟹仔蟹在高溶氧环境的主要供能物质为脂肪;低溶氧环境的主要供能物质为脂肪和碳水化合物;蛋白质在能量供给中的比例随溶氧增加而逐渐增加。  相似文献