植物内生菌及其在农业和医学上的用途   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

何劲  刘蕴哲  康冀川 《贵州农业科学》2006,34(3):113-115

植物内生菌是一种新的微生物资源,具有潜在的药用价值。近年来,从植物内生菌中寻找新的生物活性物质的研究方兴未艾。现就植物内生菌的界定、种类及近年来从植物内生菌中发现的抗肿瘤、抗微生物、抗病毒、杀虫、植物生长调节剂等活性化合物及其相应的产生菌的研究作一简要综述。  相似文献   

Myo-inositol prevents oxidative damage, inhibits oxygen radical generation and increases antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wei-Dan Jiang  Lin Feng  Yang Liu  Jun Jiang  & Xiao-Qiu Zhou 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(15):1770-1776

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary myo -inositol (MI) on the antioxidant status of juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 1050 Jian carp (22.28±0.07 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups of three replicates each, feeding diets containing graded levels of MI (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg kg⁻¹ diet) for 60 days. Results indicated that the malondialdehyde content was the lowest for fish fed diets containing ≥384.2 mg MI kg⁻¹, and the highest for fish fed the MI-unsupplemented basal diet ( P <0.05). The protein carbonyl content was decreased with increasing dietary MI levels up to 535.8 mg kg⁻¹ diet, and no differences were found with a further increase in the MI concentration. The anti-superoxide anion capacity (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical capacity (AHR) were increased with increasing MI levels up to 535.8 mg kg⁻¹ diet, and plateaued thereafter. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione- S -transferase activities showed the same tendency with the ASA capacity. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reducase activities were improved with increasing MI levels up to 838.8, 384.2 and 687.3 mg kg⁻¹ diet, respectively, and remained nearly constant thereafter. These results suggested that MI could inhibit oxygen radical generation, increase enzymatic antioxidant capacity and prevent oxidative damage of carp. Dietary MI requirements for ASA and AHR activities of juvenile Jian carp were 567.94 and 517.22 mg MI kg⁻¹ diet respectively.  相似文献   

Carbocyclic coformycin: a case study of the opportunities and pitfalls in the industrial search for new agrochemicals from nature     

John B. Pillmoor 《Pest management science》1998,52(1):75-80

The work undertaken to isolate the novel, herbicidally active compound, carbocyclic coformycin, to obtain sufficient quantities of the compound for full biological evaluation, and to identify its biochemical mode of action is summarised. Although the compound was extremely active against some weed species, limitations in its spectrum of activity precluded further development. Carbocyclic coformycin exerts its biological action through a novel mode of action by the inhibition of the enzyme adenosine 5′-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) following phosphorylation in planta. From this work, the potential benefits of natural product research in the discovery of new agrochemicals are highlighted along with some of the possible pitfalls. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献   

Methods for determining the vapour pressure of active ingredients used in crop protection. Part V: Thermogravimetry combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME)     

Thomas Krhl  Roland Kstel  Werner Knig  Hans Ziegler  Harald Khle  Adolf Parg 《Pest management science》1998,53(4):300-310

The well-established evaporation rate method for determining the vapour pressure of active ingredients in crop protection down to the order of 10^-12 mbar can be supplemented by the new sample preparation technique of Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME). With this technique, it is possible to identify evaporating substances by analysis after partitioning into the polymer coating of a thin fibre in the outlet-gas flow of thermogravimetric equipment. The active ingredients fenpropimorph, kresoxim-methyl, metolachlor, clomazone and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate were used in this study, which showed that, despite the relatively small amount of collected material, an analytical identification of the evaporating compound by SPME/GC can be successfully achieved. In particular, the experiments have demonstrated a clear correlation between the linearity of the weight loss curve and the evaporation process of a pure compound. In the case of organic compounds that are unstable to heat, the SPME method can also be utilized to show whether, and at what temperatures, decomposition of the sample into fragments of higher volatility occurs. For example, the insecticide dimethoate showed a clear temperature dependence of both evaporation behaviour and in the SPME/GC analysis. © 1998 SCI  相似文献   

刺梨叶片中总黄酮和水溶性多糖的提取工艺   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庆林  樊卫国  安华明 《山地农业生物学报》2005,24(6):522-526

采用水煮浸提法综合提取刺梨叶片中的总黄酮和水溶性多糖,通过单因素实验筛选对提取有显著影响的因素进行正交实验,分析获得较优工艺参数。结果表明,综合提取总黄酮和水溶性多糖的较优的工艺参数为：固液比1：30,温度90℃,pH=10。提取液通过炭粉吸附法获得粗多糖的纯度为21．37％,粗黄酮的纯度为53．26％。提取液通过大孔吸附树脂法获得粗多糖的纯度为18．27％;粗黄酮的纯度为36．27％。用水煮浸提法,对刺梨叶片中黄酮和多糖共同进行提取是可行的,并通过大孔树脂或活性炭将二者初步分离。  相似文献   

免耕条件下施用有机肥对冬小麦土壤酶及活性有机碳的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑凤君  王雪  李景  王碧胜  宋霄君  张孟妮  武雪萍  刘爽  席吉龙  张建诚  李永山 《中国农业科学》2020,53(6):1202-1213

【目的】探讨免耕条件下施用有机肥对冬小麦土壤酶活性及活性有机碳含量的影响,明确免耕条件下的科学施肥方法,为提升土壤生物学活性和改善土壤质量提供理论依据。【方法】基于山西运城长期定位试验,选取免耕（NT）和免耕增施有机肥（NTM）两个处理,在冬小麦不同生育时期测定与碳转化相关土壤酶的活性（β葡萄糖苷酶、β木聚糖酶、纤维二糖苷酶、α葡萄糖苷酶）、土壤温度、土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率以及成熟期土壤总有机碳（TOC）和活性有机碳组分（可溶性有机碳,DOC;易氧化有机碳,EOC;微生物量碳,MBC）等关键指标。【结果】（1）在冬小麦生育期,两个处理不同土壤酶活性具有明显的季节性变化特征。其中β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性在拔节期和灌浆期表现出升高趋势;但β-葡萄糖苷酶与纤维二糖苷酶的活性随季节变化波动较小。不同生育时期β木聚糖酶和α葡萄糖苷酶的活性的变化趋势与土壤呼吸速率变化趋势基本一致。此外,主成分分析结果表明,不同生育时期土壤酶活性主要受土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率的影响。（2）与NT相比,NTM显著提高不同生育时期土壤β木聚糖酶的活性（越冬期：17.6%;抽穗期：8.5%;灌浆期：14.1%和成熟期：10.0%）;在越冬期和拔节期土壤α葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别提高16.7%和10.2%。同时,主成分分析结果表明,不同处理间酶活性主要受土壤温度和土壤呼吸速率的影响。（3）与NT相比,NTM显著提升冬小麦生长季TOC、DOC、EOC和MBC含量（TOC：16.9%;DOC：27.7%;EOC：38.4%和MBC：50.7%）。（4）冬小麦生长季土壤生物学指标相关分析表明,β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性与总有机碳及其活性组分呈显著相关关系（相关系数均大于0.850）。【结论】免耕增施有机肥通过影响生育期土壤含水量和土壤温度,进而提升β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性;同时,秸秆还田基础上增加有机肥碳投入可进一步提高土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳组分的含量,有利于土壤酶等生物学活性和土壤质量的提升。  相似文献   

Rotations and mixtures of soil‐applied herbicides delay resistance     

Roberto Busi  Stephen B Powles  Hugh J Beckie  Michael Renton 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):487-496

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不同诱导因子对膜脂过氧化与对超微结构影响的关系     

曾富华  黄真池 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,33(5):546-551

为了阐明诱导因子诱导系统获得性抗性机制,研究了百草枯PQ,钛铁试剂Tiron和稻白叶枯菌弱毒株XOO75-1等诱导因子对稻白叶枯病的系统获得抗性、诱导叶活性氧代谢及挑战接种叶超微结构的影响.结果表明,PQ和XOO75-1可诱导系统获得抗性.XOO75-1使处理稻叶SOD和CAT活性降低,使POD活性、O2i产生速率及MDA含量升高;PQ使SOD,CAT,POD活性、O2i产生速率及MDA含量升高;两者均使处理稻叶膜脂IUFA降低,饱和脂肪酸相对含量升高.PQ和XOO75-1使挑战接种叶病斑附近组织结构受保护,比未处理叶的细胞结构损伤小,较接近正常叶,细胞内结构以叶绿体变化最为显著.Tiron处理使PQ和XOO75-1诱导的系统获得抗性减弱,诱导局部的活性氧变化减小以及病斑附近的结构改变更显著.证明O2i在XOO系统获得抗性中起重要作用.  相似文献   

水稻与基腐病菌互作中的活性氧代谢     

刘琼光  和兰娣  张静一  王玉涛  王振中 《华中农业大学学报》2007,26(4):451-455

对水稻与基腐病菌互作中活性氧及其相关酶系与抗性关系进行了研究。结果表明:超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)、H2O2、MDA在接种后24 h达到高峰,且抗病品种的含量比感病品种高;SOD在抗感品种接种病菌24 h后活性增加,均达到高峰,然后开始下降,但总趋势为抗病品种低于感病品种;CAT在接种后24 h和96 h,感病品种出现2个高峰,而抗病品种的活性在整个过程中变化不明显。  相似文献   

Anti-oxidant status in embryonic,post-hatch and larval stages of Asian seabass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lates calcarifer</Emphasis>)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kalaimani N  Chakravarthy N  Shanmugham R  Thirunavukkarasu AR  Alavandi SV  Santiago TC 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(2):151-158

The concentrations of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx), and low molecular weight free-radical scavengers such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) were evaluated during the period from gastrulation (GS) to 25 days post-hatch (dph) in the larvae of Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer. Oxidative damage due to lipid peroxidation (LPO) was also assessed, by evaluation of the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). All the three anti-oxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPx, showed high activities during gastrulation, suggesting an increased metabolic rate during the period of embryonic development. Though the SOD activity apparently decreased progressively during 3–20 dph of larval development, the difference was not significant. CAT showed high activity during gastrulation and remained constant up to 3 dph, suggesting an increased need to metabolise hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and organic peroxides. In contrast, SeGPx activity increased progressively from 5 dph to 25 dph during larval development, indicating an increased need to detoxify lipid peroxides. This is evident from the observation of increased lipid peroxidation from 10 dph to 25 dph during larval development. GSH levels were low at gastrulation, indicating increased metabolic rate and formation of lipid radicals during this period, corresponding to the decrease in the level of ascorbic acid, which is consumed for regeneration of GSH.  相似文献