烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究     

郑俊  吴睿  徐阳  马豪  朱云 《农机化研究》2015,(6):151-153,158

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。  相似文献   

农机化与农业结构调整的适应性研究     

江波 《现代农业装备》2006,(1):46-51

本文阐述了农机化与农业结构调整适应性的内涵、特征与影响因素,并在分析过去与现在农机化与农业结构调整适应性问题的基础上,提出了今后农机化发展的适应性战略构思  相似文献   

濒危野生白花兜兰植物生态适应性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

覃龙江  刘绍飞  欧忠喜  莫家伟  蒙惠理 《安徽农业科学》2013,(25):10226-10229,10235

[目的]揭示濒危野生白花兜兰植物生态适应性、生境特性.[方法]在2012年1月至2013年6月期间,采用P-2200温湿度数据记录器、DL-LOGGER型号HJX-RZ1编号0046602S01日照时数记录仪和M0DEL-ZDS-10照度计对原生境定期定点连续观测,采集其周围环境的土壤和石灰岩样品,观测、记录植株生长状况和物候期信息.[结果]白花兜兰植物原生境年平均气温15.49℃,最低气温-0.38℃,最高气温为29.5℃,平均相对湿度92.7％,最低33.49％;1月气温0.22 ～ 13℃,相对湿度92％,2月气温6～15℃,湿度85％以上,3月气温14℃以上,4、5、6月气温10 ～21℃,7、8和9月气温21 ～ 28℃,湿度96.2％,10、11、12、翌年1月由20℃下降到-0.38℃,平均湿度92％;日气温呈早低中高晚稳特点,湿度则随着太阳辐射强度和温度的升高下降,温度、湿度二者夜间趋势基本相似,波动性小,太阳辐射值为0;≥120 W/m2年总累计日照时数175 min,日照有效百分率0.006 67％,最高值273 W/m2,光照度≤1 720 lx;初花期为2月下旬至3月中旬,盛花期为4月下旬至5月初,始花期为5月上旬至6月初;生境基质的各种元素含量大小顺序为钙＞镁＞硅＞铝＞铁＞磷＞锰＞锌＞锶＞镍＞铅＞铜.[结论]白花兜兰生境太阳辐射和日照时数与生境的森林郁闭度、坡向和地形密切相关,其日照时数仅为2.92h,且太阳辐射强度≥120 W/m2集中于白花兜兰花期季节,最高值273,是一种非常特殊的阴性植物.白花兜兰原生境空气温度和相对湿度特征与其特殊的喀斯特小生境有密切关系.其分布及生长于喀斯特岩石、悬崖与基质营养物质有关.  相似文献   

Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations     

Christelle ROBINET  Alain ROQUES 《Integrative zoology》2010,5(2):132-142

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species, and, in particular, in insects. The present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and dispersal. The effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in temperature. They can differ between seasons and bioclimatic regions. Earlier flight periods, enhanced winter survival and acceleration of development rates are the major insect responses. Differential response of insects and hosts to warming up might also lead to disruption of their phenological synchrony, but adaptive genetic processes are likely to quickly restore this synchrony. In a number of cases, warming results in removing or relocating the barriers that limit present species' ranges. It is also likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive alien species. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified and future research interests are suggested.  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):208-217

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.  相似文献   

Productive,Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Imported and Locally Born Friesian and Holstein Lactating Cows under Hot Summer Conditions of Egypt     

Marai  I.F.M.  Habeeb  A.A.M.  Farghaly  H.M. 《Tropical animal health and production》1999,31(4):233-243

Twenty each of healthy lactating Friesian and Holstein cows were studied. They were of similar age and body weight, nonpregnant in their third lactation and 80–100 days post partum. The investigation was carried out for 8 weeks on two farms at the same time during the hot summer season in Egypt. The first farm was in Demietta (North east of the Nile Delta, 31° 40 N) on 20 Friesian cows and the second was in Fakous (East of the Nile Delta, 30° 40 N) on 20 Holstein cows. On each of the two farms, 10 cows were newly imported and 10 were born in Egypt.The average daily milk yield and total milk production in the third lactation of the newly imported cows were significantly higher than those of the locally born cows for both Friesians and Holsteins. At the same time, the T₄, T₃, urea-N, haematological values and AST enzyme activity in the newly imported cows were significantly lower than those in the locally born ones in both breeds, while the locally born cows showed significantly lower values for rectal temperature and respiration rate, as well as for AST and Alk-P enzyme activities, than the newly imported cows of either breed.Holstein cows surpassed the Friesians in milk production, as well as thyroid hormone secretion and cholesterol, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count values. The opposite was found for serum total protein, urea-N and creatinine concentrations, leukocyte count and AST, ALT and Alk-P enzyme activities.  相似文献   

龙眼光合作用对环境温度的响应和适应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘殊  廖镜思 《中国南方果树》1998,27(1):7-10

在年生长期中测定了龙眼叶片光合作用对测度的影响,结果发现,龙眼光合作用最适温与最适温下的光饱和光合速率都有一定的季节变化,但季节变幅不大,不同季节的光合最适温在２２～２８℃之间,光合最适温与植株前５－１０天所处的环境平均气温密切相关,春秋季光合最适明显高于环境气温,夏季光合最适明显低于环境气温,光合最适温随光照强度的变化而变化,这些结果显示了龙眼光合作用对环境温度的特殊要求。  相似文献   

微孔草的分布及植物群落特征研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王钦  尚可政 《草业科学》1998,15(1):18-26

采用定量样地法,对孔微草这一特种油料植物的群落结构、群落变异以及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,微孔草干物质生产量占总量的比率,休闲地为９．１６％、撩荒地为１６．９０％、油草地为１５．３２％、燕麦地为１０．６６％、青稞地为５．９７％;群落系数相应为８７．０９％、８７．９１％、９１．８２％、９５．６５％、９３．６０％;优势度相应为９．６０％、１３．４５％、１１．９９％、１６．６１％、７．１３％。经主分  相似文献   

波德代肉羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李锋红  闫作铭 《畜牧兽医杂志》2009,28(6):7-8,10

引入肉羊品种波德代,观察其在高寒牧区的适应性,并做为父本,以天祝县毛肉兼用型甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,进行杂交改良,经对波细F1代的测定,在相同饲养管理条件下,波细F1代在初生重、1月龄、4月龄重比同龄细羔分别高1.16 kg、2.33 kg、6.80 kg,差异显著（P〈0.005）。对4月龄羔羊屠宰测定,波细F1代的宰前活重、胴体重比同龄细羔分别高6.86 kg、5.39 kg,差异极显著（P〈0.005）,屠宰率提高了10个百分比。  相似文献   

驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响研究     

刘晓辉  刘向阳  王振伟 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2009,36(3)

为了更好地提高道路交通安全管理水平、减少交通事故,本文对关系驾驶员安全行车的视觉特性如视力、视野、立体视觉、色视觉、视觉适应等因素结合交通事故统计资料进行了分析,阐述了驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响。  相似文献