中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄生态适应性区划研究     

袁海燕  张晓煜  王静  张学艺  马国飞  韩颖娟 《农业科学研究》2014,(3)

在分析中国北方376个气象台站连续30年气象资料的基础上,借鉴国内外霞多丽酿酒葡萄区划成果,针对中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄的生长习性与环境条件的关系,提出中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄优质生态区区划方法及指标,运用GIS技术,按可种植区划分制作霞多丽优质生态区区划图;通过分析研究气候适应性,并对我国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄种植和生态分布进行精细化区划。研究表明,霞多丽酿酒葡萄适宜在新疆北部和东部、内蒙古中部、甘肃中南部、宁夏中北大部、山西北部等干旱少雨、热量条件好且有灌溉条件的地区生长,这些地区应大力发展酿酒葡萄产业。  相似文献   

基于GIS的中国北方起泡酒葡萄生态区划研究     

袁海燕  张晓煜  李红英  张磊  马国飞  王静  张学艺 《农业科学研究》2014,(4):1-7

为进行我国北方优质起泡酒葡萄生态适宜性区划研究,促进我国起泡酒产业的快速发展,本文收集整理了中国北方376个气象台站连续30年（1981—2010年）气象资料,采用逐级分区与集优法相结合的方法,针对中国北方霞多丽、贵人香、白诗南、雷司令、白品乐、黑品乐等不同品种起泡酒葡萄的生长习性与气候适应性进行分析,提出中国北方起泡酒葡萄优质生态区区划方法及指标,再应用 GIS 技术,按可种植区划分制作起泡酒优质生态区区划图,通过气候适应性分析进行研究,对我国北方起泡酒葡萄种植和生态分布进行精细化区划。结果表明,起泡酒葡萄在我国北方适宜生长的区域较小,主要分布在华北的内蒙古中部及西北地区,这些地区热量条件充足、成熟期降水量小、土壤多为钙质土,气候和地理条件非常适宜不同品种和熟性酿酒葡萄的成熟和品质形成,是发展优质起泡酒葡萄产业基地的首选。  相似文献   

Utilization of dietary starch and glucose tolerance in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of different strains in seawater     

Carol Nelson Mazur  D. A. Higgs  E. Plisetskaya  B. E. March 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(4):303-313

Juvenile chinook salmon of three strains responded to inclusion of 28.7% of gelatinized starch in the diet with different degrees of reduction in growth rate and feed efficiency relative to control fish of the respective strains fed a low-starch, high-lipid diet of similar protein (46%) and estimated metabolizable energy content (16 mJ/kg). The productive protein value of the diet was not reduced to the same extent by the high intake of starch. Carcasses of fish fed the high-starch diet contained higher concentrations of protein and lower concentrations of lipid than control fish. The accumulation of liver glycogen in response to the high-starch diet differed among strains. Glucose tolerance curves also varied among strains but were poorly correlated with plasma concentrations of insulin. Tolerance to glucose loading was improved in fish previously fed the high-starch diet.  相似文献   

Stimulated activity of the soil nitrifying community accelerates community adaptation to Zn stress     

Stefan Ruyters  Jelle Mertens  Dirk Springael  Erik Smolders 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(5):766-772

Field data have shown that soil nitrifying communities gradually adapt to zinc (Zn) after a single contamination event with reported adaptation times exceeding 1 year. It was hypothesized that this relatively slow adaptation relates to the restricted microbial diversity and low growth rate of the soil nitrifying community. This hypothesis was tested experimentally by recording adaptation rates under varying nitrification activities (assumed to affect growth rates) and by monitoring shifts in community composition. Soils were spiked at various Zn concentrations (0-4000 mg Zn kg⁻¹) and two NH₄⁺-N doses (N1, N2) were applied to stimulate growth. A control series receiving no extra NH₄⁺-N was also included. Soils were incubated in pots under field conditions with free drainage. The pore water Zn concentration at which nitrification was halved (EC50, mg Zn l⁻¹) did not change significantly during 12 months in the control series (without NH₄⁺-N applications), although nitrification recovered after 12 months at the highest Zn dose only. The EC50 after 12 months incubation increased by more than a factor 10 with increasing NH₄⁺-N dose (p < 0.05) illustrating that increased activity accelerates adaptation to Zn. Zinc tolerance tests confirmed the role of Zn exposure, time and NH₄⁺-N dose on adaptation. Zinc tolerance development was ascribed to the AOB community since the AOB/AOA ratio (AOB = ammonia oxidizing bacteria; AOA = ammonia oxidizing archaea) increased from 0.4 in the control to 1.4 in the most tolerant community. Moreover, the AOB amoA DGGE profile changed during Zn adaptation whereas the AOA amoA DGGE profile remained unaffected. These data confirm the slow but pronounced adaptation of nitrifiers to Zn contamination. We showed that adaptation to Zn was accelerated at higher activity and was associated with a shift in soil AOB community that gradually dominated the nitrifying community.  相似文献   

非秋眠性苜蓿适应性种植及其抗盐性研究     

周丽霞  王朝凌  杜天庆 《青海草业》1999,(3)

对非秋眠及半秋眠苜蓿品种的生育特性、生态适应性及耐盐性进行研究观测，结果表明，多数品种适应在本试验区的气候环境中种植，具良好的生长势与越冬率，对低盐土壤环境亦具一定适应性。  相似文献   

Differences in ecological and allelopathic traits among Alternanthera philoxeroides populations     

SHENGPENG ZUO  YONGQING MA  INANAGA SHINOBU 《Weed Biology and Management》2012,12(3):123-130

Based on a field investigation and laboratory trials, this study compared the invasive ecology of aquatic and terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides G.) ecotypes. The aquatic ecotype showed a stronger eco‐adaptation than the terrestrial ecotype. Alligator weed performed well in wetland and riparian habitats, where it was so competitive that only one‐to‐three other plant types grew successfully in its company. In contrast, it exhibited poor growth in upland fields and parks, where the terrestrial ecotype was dominated by 6–11 other alien plant species. The aquatic ecotype exhibited significantly greater growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ecotypes differed in their pattern of allelopathic inhibition of water blooms. The allelopathic effect of the aquatic ecotype persisted for a period exceeding 20 days, whereas the terrestrial ecotype's allelopathic effect subsided in <5 days. The aquatic ecotype had higher levels of antioxidant compounds, including soluble protein and flavones, and the activity of protective enzymes was also higher, which included superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Alligator weed's unique characteristics derive mainly from its strong allelopathic potential and tolerance of eutrophication in aquatic habitats.  相似文献   

Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed development in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

J.L. Christiansen  S.-E. Jacobsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):539-544

Abstract

Sensitivity to photoperiod in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was studied under controlled conditions to enhance crop adaptation to environments outside its centre of origin. Two varieties, a traditional variety from Bolivia (Real), which will not mature under Danish conditions, and an early maturing variety (Q52), developed for Danish climatic conditions, were used in this reciprocal transfer experiment. Plants were moved from a short daylength of 10 h (SD) to a long daylength of 18 h (LD) and vice versa at set intervals from sowing to 100 days after sowing (DAS). A reaction of LD in time to flowering was observed only in the Bolivian variety Real. Under SD both varieties flowered after 39 DAS. For Real the LD regime resulted in a moderate increase in time to flowering to 44 DAS. The non-sensitive, juvenile period in Real was estimated to be approximately 16 days. In Q52 a moderate increase in the number of leaves was formed on the main stem after flowering at LD, which indicates that some daylength sensitivity remains. The most striking difference occurred during seed filling, when going from SD to LD. In Q52 the time from the end of flowering to maturity increased from 39 to 52 days. Under SD, Real had a seed-filling period similar to Q52, but at LD Real remained with green leaves during seed filling. Hard seed was observed in the still green perigonium 57 days after end of flowering. At this moment re-shooting occurred from the inflorescence, and seed maturity was not reached at the termination of the experiment at 150 DAS. This study shows that flower induction is not a major problem for adaptation of quinoa to North European conditions but that a very strong, daylength sensitive, stay green reaction is the main cause of the late maturity of South American introductions.  相似文献   

Effects of cage netting colour and density on the skin pigmentation and stress response of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)     

Ben J Doolan  Geoff L Allan  Mark A Booth  Paul L Jones 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1360-1368

The unnaturally dark pigmentation of cultured Australian snapper Pagrus auratus can be improved through dietary astaxanthin supplementation and by holding fish in tanks with a white background. The practical application of these laboratory‐based findings was examined with two experiments to establish if the advantages of transferring fish to light coloured tanks before harvest could be achieved on‐farm using white cages and to determine the effects of fish density on skin colour. For the first experiment, snapper (mean TL=29.7 cm) were transferred from a commercial snapper sea cage to black or white netted cages and fed diets supplemented with unesterified astaxanthin (supplied as Lucantin^® Pink, BASF) at 0 or 39 mg kg^?1 for 42 days. Skin colour was measured using the CIE (black–white), (green–red), (blue–yellow) colour scale. Snapper held in white netting cages became significantly lighter (higher ) than snapper held in black cages; however, values were not as high as previous laboratory‐based studies in which snapper were held in white plastic‐lined cages. Snapper fed astaxanthin displayed significantly greater and values, and total carotenoid concentrations after 42 days. In addition, total carotenoids were higher in fish from black than white cages. The second experiment was designed to investigate whether density reduced the improvements in skin colour achieved by holding fish in white coloured cages and whether cage colour affected stress. Snapper (mean weight=435 g) were acclimated to black cages and fed 39 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin for 44 days before transferring to black or white plastic‐lined cages at 14 (low), 29 (mid) or 45 (high) kg m^?3 for 7 days after which time skin colour, plasma cortisol and plasma glucose concentrations were measured. Skin lightness () was greater in snapper transferred to white plastic‐lined cages with the lightest coloured fish obtained from the lowest density after 7 days. Density had no effect on plasma cortisol or glucose levels after 7 days, although plasma cortisol was elevated in snapper from black cages. For improved skin colouration we recommend feeding unesterified astaxanthin at 39 mg kg^?1 for approximately 6 weeks and transferring snapper to white plastic‐lined cages or similar at low densities for short periods before harvest rather than producing fish in white netting sea cages subject to biofouling.  相似文献   

Genome Size Variation in Maize Populations Selected for Cold Tolerance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. M. McMurphy  A. Lane  Rayburn 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(3):190-195

Previous studies have indicated a relationship between genome size and cold tolerance in plants. Many species adapted to growth in cool environments have large genome sizes. These studies are based on interspecific DNA content variation. In this study, the nuclear DNA content of eight maize populations was determined. These populations were obtained from the University of Nebraska and represent populations selected for cold tolerance and their respective unselected original populations. Intraspecific DNA content variation was observed between the selected and unselected populations. Upon assessing the data based solely on cold tolerance, no clear relationship between genome size and cold tolerance was apparent. When both freeze tolerance and cold tolerance were considered, populations which were cold tolerant and exhibited a certain degree of freeze tolerance were observed to have significantly larger genomes relative to the unselected populations. Thus, it appears that the relationship between intraspecific genome size variation and cold tolerance is similar to the relationship between interspecific genome size variation and growth at cooler temperatures in plants.  相似文献   

Joint regression vs AMMI analysis of genotype-environment interactions for cereals in Italy     

P. Annicchiarico 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):53-62

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