Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array     

Benjamin Stich  Claude Urbany  Per Hoffmann  Christiane Gebhardt 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):718-724

Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.  相似文献   

Artificially induced polyploidization in Humulus lupulus L. and its effect on morphological and chemical traits     

Anna Trojak-Goluch  Urszula Skomra 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):393-399

Chemically induced polyploids were obtained by the colchicine treatment of shoot tips of Humulus lupulus L. ‘Sybilla’. Flow cytometry revealed that most of the treatments resulted in the production of tetraploids. The highest number of tetraploids was obtained when explants were immersed in 0.05% colchicine for 48 h. A field experiment was conducted to compare diploid and tetraploid plants and assess the effect of genome polyploidization on the morphological and chemical characteristics. Tetraploids showed significant differences in relation to diploids. They had thinner and shorter shoots. The influence of chromosome doubling was also reflected in the length, width and area of leaves. The length of female flowers in the tetraploids was significantly shorter than that observed in diploids. Tetraploids produced a diverse number of lupuline glands that were almost twice as large as those observed in diploids. The most distinct effect of genome polyploidization was a significant increase in the weight of cones and spindles. Contents of major chemical constituents of hop cones was little affected by ploidy level. Total essential oils were significantly lower than those in diploids. However there was a significant increase in the proportion of humulene, caryophyllene and farnesene, oils desired by the brewing industry.  相似文献   

Local evidence for tolerance of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) to acid soils     

D.L. Barnes 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):118-119

Abstract

The pattern of yield response of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) cv. San Gabriel to soil amendment with lime and superphosphate on a virgin acid soil indicated that this legume is tolerant of local acid soils and moderately tolerant of low levels of extractable phosphorus.  相似文献   

寒富苹果叶片离体再生及四倍体诱导   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

欧春青  李林光  何平  张志宏 《果树学报》2008,25(3):293-298

为建立寒富苹果高效的离体再生体系和多倍体诱导体系,以试管苗叶片为外植体,研究了培养基中激素对寒富叶片再生芽的影响及适宜的四倍体诱导方法。结果表明,当培养基中BA质量浓度为0.5mg/L时,再生频率最高达35.7%;当培养基中BA质量浓度为2.5mg/L时,再生频率超过90%,平均再生芽数在4以上。在培养基中附加1.0mg/LTDZ,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达19.47。以附加15、30、60、120mg/L秋水仙素的液体再生培养基处理叶片5d,各个质量浓度处理均诱导出四倍体植株,诱变率在5.3%～22.2%之间;寒富苹果叶片在附加50mg/L秋水仙素固体再生培养基上处理5d亦获得了四倍体植株。研究结果表明寒富苹果叶片具有极强的不定芽再生能力,叶片再生过程中进行秋水仙素处理是获得其四倍体的一个有效途径。  相似文献   

Induction of autotetraploidy using colchicine and its identification in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)     

C. Limera  K. Wang  L. Xu  Y. Wang  X. Zhu  H. Feng 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(1):63-70

  相似文献   

Production and testing of plants regenerated from protoplasts of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (Oryza sativa L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qingzhong Xue  Kossi Edoh  Hong Li  Nengyi Zhang  Juqiang Yan  Susan McCouch  Elizabeth D. Earle 《Euphytica》1999,105(3):167-172

Plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryonic suspension cultures of N5047S, a photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) Japonica rice line. Flow cytometric analyses of nuclear DNA content identified some tetraploid regenerates whose agronomic traits could be distinguished from diploid regenerates. Pollen and female fertility of diploid protoplast-derived clones grown under different light and temperature conditions was compared. A promising PGMS protoplast clone, ZAU11S, was developed from these clones. Its male sterility was confirmed as a photoperiod × temperature interaction type. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体ＮＤ ５／６基因多态性的ＰＣＲ ＲＦＬＰ分析     

郑鹏飞  张桂蓉  魏开建  邹桂伟  王卫民  周玲玲  冉伟 《水生态学杂志》2011,32(1):51-56

采用PCR-RFLP分析方法,对洞庭湖、武汉两地的二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体DNAND-5/6基因多态性及4个群体遗传变异和遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,120尾泥鳅mtDNAND-5/6扩增片段长度均为2.2kb;从13种限制性内切核酸酶中筛选出6种多态性内切酶(HaeⅢ、DraⅠ、RsaⅠ、TaqⅠ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ),对扩增产物进行酶切,共检测到66种单倍型。泥鳅群体内单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7679～0.9385和0.01041～0.03212;其中,洞庭湖二倍体核苷酸多样性最高(0.03212),武汉二倍体其次(0.02452),二倍体群体内核苷酸多样性高于四倍体。群体间的核苷酸多样性(π)大小为0.02588～0.04144,平均值为(0.031737±0.000005)。群体间的核苷酸歧化距离(δ)大小为0.00462～0.01617,平均值为(0.010659±0.000003);其中,武汉二倍体和四倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最大(0.01617),武汉四倍体和洞庭湖二倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最小(0.00462)。MonteCarlo模拟x2检验表明,4个群体间的单倍型频率存在极显著差异(P<0.0001)。UPGMA聚类分析表明,武汉四倍体、洞庭湖二倍体和四倍体聚为一支,亲缘关系较近;武汉二倍体为单独一支。  相似文献   

Genotyping,pedigree reconstruction and endocrinological characterization of Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte, 1836) using microsatellite markers and plasma steroid levels          下载免费PDF全文

Ilaria Guarniero  Laura Stancampiano  Alessia Cariani  Nadia Govoni  Albamaria Parmeggiani  Damiano Barboni  Oliviero Mordenti 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5550-5560

This study aimed to set up a method for the long‐term management of Adriatic sturgeon, through the analysis of sex steroids and the genetic profiling of individuals in order to maximize the already reduced genetic variability of this species. Ten A. naccarii adults (nine of captive origin, one captured in the Ticino river and then moved into captivity) and eight subadults located in a semi‐natural land‐locked pond in Abbiategrasso (Milan, Italy) were analysed. Plasma testosterone differed significantly in the eight analysed subadults allowing their differentiation into two groups: the first group with an average testosterone concentration of 5.42 ± 1.31 ng/ml (probably female) and the second group with an average of 423.14 ± 75.97 ng/ml (probably male), as subsequently confirmed by artificial stripping. The plasma testosterone level was also significantly different between adult males and females (371.37 ± 43.58 vs. 95.34 ± 51.10 ng/ml), while the E2 levels showed no significant differences. Animals were genotyped on the basis of 10 microsatellite loci and their parental relationships were defined: four adults, two females and two males, generated the eight subadults. On the basis of pedigree analyses and genetic distances, 15 unrelated couples were identified for the future breeding seasons. Finally, the adult female captured in the Ticino River showed an interesting genetic profile, widely different from all of the other 17 specimens analysed, and represents a valuable source of genetic diversity.  相似文献   

泥鳅cyp19a1基因克隆及其在倍性间的表达差异     

曹文怡  易少奎  杨楠  苏君晓  罗双双  高泽霞  周小云 《华中农业大学学报》2021,40(4):166-176

克隆并分析泥鳅cyp19a1a的全长cDNA和5′侧翼序列,用qRT-PCR技术比较cyp19a1a在二倍体、四倍体泥鳅组织间和倍性间的表达差异。结果发现,泥鳅cyp19a1a的cDNA全长1 905 bp,包括29 bp的5′TR、301 bp的3′UTR和1 575 bp的ORF序列,其氨基酸序列中存在I-螺旋区、芳香化酶特异保守区以及血红素结合区等重要功能域。用hiTAIL-PCR克隆获得2 040 bp的5′侧翼序列,在该序列上预测到典型元件TATA-box,以及C/EBPβ、SRY、ER、CREB、GR等转录因子结合位点。12月龄四倍体泥鳅的体长、体质量均显著高于二倍体,但性腺发育明显滞后于二倍体。cyp19a1a和cyp19a1b分别在二倍体、四倍体泥鳅的性腺和脑中的表达量最高。倍性间比较结果显示,cyp19a1a在四倍体各组织中的表达均高于二倍体(除精巢外);cyp19a1b在四倍体雌鳅脑中的表达量显著高于二倍体,但在四倍体雄鳅脑中的表达量显著低于二倍体。综合分析上述结果,四倍体中相对较高的cyp19a1a表达可能与其性腺所处发育时期有关,较晚的性成熟有利于泥鳅将更多能量用于个体生长。由于cyp19a1及其催化产生的雌激素还可以通过GH-IGF通路调节鱼类的生长,推测cyp19a1在泥鳅倍性间的差异表达可能与二倍体、四倍体间的生长生殖差异密切相关。  相似文献   

二倍体西瓜及其同源四倍体叶片sRNA表达谱分析     

龙娅丽  江雪飞  周鹏  徐子健  孙梦利 《热带作物学报》2018,39(4):661-668

植物多倍化后的基因表达平衡重建受到sRNA调节,miRNA是植物多倍化中基因表达进行反式调控的主要小分子成员。本研究利用新一代高通量测序对西瓜二倍体(2n)及其同源四倍体(4n)叶片的sRNA进行表达谱测序分析。结果表明:(1)2n中sRNA以21 nt为主,4n中则以24 nt为主。(2)在2n和4n鉴定出已知miRNA分别为110个和172个,新miRNA分别为246和829个,其中差异表达的已知miRNA 205个,新miRNA 815个。(3)GO功能显著性富集分析表明差异表达的miRNA在细胞组成、代谢过程及催化活性上显著富集。(4)KEGG代谢分析表明,差异表达的已知miRNA主要富集在初级代谢和次级代谢途径上,新miRNA则主要富集在植物激素信号转导途径、RNA转运途径和ABC转座子途径上。(5)差异表达的miRNA中与植物抗逆胁迫相关的已知miRNA 25个,新miRNA 62个,且80.46%抗逆miRNA在西瓜二倍体中上调表达,是四倍体中的4倍以上。根据miRNA的负向调控原理推测这些上调表达的miRNA在西瓜二倍体中可能会抑制部分抗逆基因的表达,影响二倍体的抗逆性。本研究在转录后调控调控水平上为西瓜多倍体较二倍体拥有更强抗逆性提供了理论依据,同时对西瓜多倍体及二倍体之间的基因表达谱分析做了补充。  相似文献