无水氨、尿素氨化秸秆饲喂肉牛的效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜增昱  张思温 《中国畜牧杂志》1992,28(1):7-10

为了评价无水氨、尿素氨化麦秸、玉米秸饲喂肉牛的效果,用42头肉用生长母牛及阉牛进行了80天饲养试验。试验开始牛平均体重为135公斤,按随机区组设计分为7组,占干物质3％的无水氨氨化麦秸组(WA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化麦秸组(WUS)、麦秸组(W);占干物质3％的无水氨氨化玉米秸组(CA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化玉米秸组(CUS)、占干物质5.4％的尿素氨化玉米秸组(CU)、玉米秸组(C).各组牛秸秆自由采食,混合精料按体重的1％喂给。为了平衡日粮粗蛋白质水平,W组及C组每日每头分别加喂32克和37克尿素。试验结果表明:秸秆经氨化处理后含氮量提高88-151％,肉牛采食每公斤秸秆干物质的时间显著缩短。WA组、WUS组、W组、CA组CUS组、CU组和C组的日增重分别为0.66、0.54、0.52、0.57、0.63、0.56、0.48公斤(P<0.01)。添加大豆脲酶对尿素氨化玉米秸的效果无明显影响。  相似文献   

The Effect of Storage on Ammonia Concentration in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells.     

Lori S. Waddell DVM  DACVECC    David E. Holt BVSC  DACVS    Dez Hughes BVSc  MRCVS  DACVECC  Urs Giger PD  DR. med. vet.  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(1):23-26

Objective: To determine the effect of storage on ammonia concentration in canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.
Design: In vitro and in vivo study.
Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and Adsol^a on Days 1 and 35 of storage. Ammonia was measured in 4 additional units of canine pRBC on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Plasma ammonia was also determined in 5 anemic dogs receiving pRBC.
Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.
Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC.  相似文献   

Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation and Transamination in Relation to Hybrid Vigour in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke)     

S. V. Chanda    A. K. Joshi    P. P. Vaishnav  Y. D. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,160(2):125-131

Changes in the activities of enzymes of ammonia assimilation viz., glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), together with the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were analysed in the topmost fully expanded leaf of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) hybrid BJ-104 , and its parents, J-104 and 5141-A , during the entire period of growth in field. Ammonia assimilation enzymes showed strong ontogenic trends and the hybrid attained activities either equal to the better (male) parent or showed better parental heterosis. In contrast to this both GOT and GPT activities were slightly higher than the poor (female) parent. The role of these enzymes in relation to chlorophyll synthesis and transport of metabolites from cellular compartments of C₄ plants, are discussed. Surveying the literature on attempts to propose biochemical criteria for hybrid vigour, it is proposed that there cannot be a universal criterion, rather rate limiting steps in different cultivars should be searched.  相似文献   

氨氮对凡纳滨对虾稚虾的急性毒性作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏俊利  孙金生  通信李翔  马文婷  耿绪云  徐赟霞  李晶晶 《天津农学院学报》2012,(3):58-61

实验研究了氨氮对体长3．2cm、体质量0．356g（n=10）与体长1．6cm、体质量0．036g（n=15）两种规格凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）稚虾的急性毒性效应。血氨和碱性磷酸酶活性的测定结果显示,血氨随氨氮浓度的升高而升高,碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性随氨氮的升高而下降。急性毒性实验结果表明,体长3．2cm稚虾的游离态氨24hLG。为2．068mg／L、48hLC5。为1．654mg／L、96hLG。为1．395mg／L,生存安全浓度sc为0．3969mg／L;体长1．6em稚虾的游离态氨24hLGo为1．577mg／L、48hLG0为1．042mg／L、96hL氏为1．012mg／L,生存安全浓度Sc为0．2065mg／L。  相似文献   

不同规格哲罗幼鱼摄食前后排氨率的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨贵强  张立颖  徐绍刚  王占全  贺杰  周云 《江西农业大学学报》2012,(4):791-794

采用室内实验生态学方法对5种不同规格(10.64±0.42 g,16.44±0.67 g,24.67±0.74 g,30.90±1.74 g,37.33±0.98 g)哲罗幼鱼摄食前后的排氨率进行研究。结果表明,饱食后,5个规格组哲罗幼鱼的排氨率均迅速上升,到达最大值后再缓慢下降,最后恢复到各自的初始水平;5个规格组哲罗幼鱼的排氨持续时间(DNR)和排氨率峰值时间(TNR)随着体重的增加而延长;哲罗幼鱼摄食前后排氨率(NR)与体重(t)之间的拟合方程分别为:NR=4.323 6 w-0.555 9(R2=0.992 4,10.64 g相似文献   

竹炭对养殖水净化效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戚伟尧  程晓云  陈作仁  孙高琴  张文标 《浙江林业科技》2012,32(1):16-20

选取不同竹种、不同竹龄、不同炭化终点温度和不同炭化时间的竹炭,对鱼塘养殖水进行吸附净化处理,通过测试水的浊度、COD和氨氮去除率等指标研究竹炭对养殖水的净化效果.结果表明:用竹炭吸附后的水样的浊度、COD和氨氮等水质指标都有明显改善;毛竹炭对水质净化处理效果最理想,氨氮去除率达到90％以上;随着竹龄的增大,竹炭的净化处理效果增强,6年生的毛竹炭用于水质净化较适宜;不同炭化温度的竹炭对水质净化有选择性;炭化时间越长竹炭对鱼塘养殖水的吸附净化效果越好.  相似文献   

氨水改性活性炭及其性能的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈涵 《福建林业科技》2012,39(4):12-15

采用氨水对活性炭进行改性,探讨氨水浓度、改性温度和处理时间对活性炭的吸附值、比表面积和表面化学结构的影响.结果表明,氨水改性对活性炭的孔结构产生破坏,不利于孔隙结构的发达,但氨水改性在活性炭表面引入了碱性基团,有利于苯酚吸附值的提高.随着氨水浓度的提高,活性炭的碘吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积和微孔容积不断下降,亚甲基蓝吸附值呈先降后升的趋势,碱性基团的含量和苯酚吸附值不断提高.  相似文献   

Evaluation of calibrated passive sampling for quantifying ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials with slurry application     

Martin ten Huf  Thorsten Reinsch  Christof Kluß  Christoph Essich  Reiner Ruser  Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale  Andreas Pacholski  Heinz Flessa  Hans-Werner Olfs 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(4):451-463

Background

There is a great need for simple and inexpensive methods to quantify ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials. However, methods that meet these criteria have to be thoroughly validated. In the calibrated passive sampling approach, acid traps placed in the center of quadratic plots absorb ammonia, enabling relative comparisons between plots. To quantify ammonia emissions, these acid trap samplings are scaled by means of a transfer coefficient (TC) obtained from simultaneous measurements with the dynamic tube method (DTM). However, dynamic tube measurements are also comparatively costly and time-consuming.

Aims

Our objective was to assess the best practice for using calibrated passive sampling in multi-plot field trials. One particular challenge in such experiments is to evaluate the influence of ammonia drift between plots.

Methods

In a series of eight multi-plot field trials, acid traps and DTM were used simultaneously on all plots to measure ammonia emissions caused by different slurry application techniques. Data obtained by both methods were correlated, and the influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background on both methods was evaluated by comparing net values, including the subtraction of the background with gross values (no background subtraction). Finally, we provide recommendations for calculating a TC for calibrating relative differences between plots, based on simultaneous acid trap and dynamic tube measurements on selected plots.

Results

Treatment mean values obtained by both methods correlated well. For most field trials, R² values between 0.6 and 0.8 were obtained. Ammonia background concentrations affected both methods. Drift between plots contributed to the background for the acid traps, whereas the contamination of the chamber system might have caused the background for the DTM. Treatments with low emissions were comparatively more affected by that background.

Conclusion

For a robust application of calibrated passive sampling, we recommend calculating the TC based on a treatment with high ammonia emissions, reducing the relative influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background.  相似文献   

洱海流域典型农区不同施肥处理下稻田氨挥发变化特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

吴凡  张克强  谢坤  王风  王瑞琦  尹高飞  沈仕洲 《农业环境科学学报》2019,38(8):1735-1742

为探寻洱海流域合理的施肥方式,减少氮肥的氨挥发损失,采用"密闭室间歇通气法",研究了不同氮肥类型及施氮量对稻田氨挥发规律、氨挥发累积量及水稻产量的影响,并探究了影响氨挥发排放的因素。研究结果表明:稻田氨挥发主要发生在施肥后2～5 d内,穗肥期氨挥发损失占比最大为19.04%～33.00%,其次分蘖肥期损失为7.18%～15.72%,基肥期损失最少为4.89%～7.76%。不同施肥处理中常规施肥(CF)、化肥减量20%(T1)、单施有机肥(T2)、有机肥与化肥配施(T3)、考虑当季25%矿化率单施有机肥(T4)、考虑当季25%矿化率有机肥与化肥配施(T5)和单施控释肥(T6)的氨挥发累积量分别为42.52、22.73、11.71、15.12、38.24、25.95 kg·hm~(-2)和18.44 kg·hm~(-2)。等量施氮条件下不同肥料类型氨挥发损失占比大小为尿素控释肥有机肥+化肥有机肥。不同施氮量条件下,施氮量越大氨挥发累积量越大,且氨挥发速率与田面水NH4+-N浓度呈正相关性。综合稻田氨挥发累积量及水稻产量,在洱海流域典型农区水稻种植中,有机肥与化肥配施(25%当季矿化率)、化肥减量施用(20%)以及控释肥施用是3种较优的环境友好型施肥方式。  相似文献   

Response of in vitro obtained oil palm and interspecific OxG hybrids to inoculation with Phytophthora palmivora     

Kelly vila‐Mndez  Rodrigo Avila‐Diazgranados  Alonso Pardo  Mariana Herrera  Greicy Sarria  Hernan Mauricio Romero 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(2)

Bud rot (BR) disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is the most devastating disease in oil palm cultivation in America. Oil palms that survived BR epidemics were found in areas highly devastated by the disease; these palms were introduced into Cenipalma's in vitro micropropagation (cloning programme). A severity scale was developed for in vitro palms from five ortets inoculated with two different P. palmivora isolates. Then, eight ortets of Elaeis guineensis and two ortets of the OxG interspecific hybrid were evaluated in two inoculation trials under chamber growth conditions. The clone performance response was consistent with that reported in the field for the corresponding ortets, and two contrasting ortets, one susceptible (ortet 57) and one resistant (ortet 34) were identified. We monitored and compared defence responses to P. palmivora in the contrasting ortets. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after inoculation with the pathogen was observed, with higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in the resistant plants. Catalase (CAT) activity in resistant plants increased after inoculation with the pathogen from 24 hr post‐infection (hpi) and remained high during the observation time. In the susceptible ortets, there was a significant increase on catalase activity only at 48 hpi. Peroxidase (POS) activity increased in clones from both susceptible and resistant ortets, but the increase was much greater in the susceptible ones. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased in response to inoculation, and these increases were greater in clones of the susceptible ortet than in clones of the resistant ortet.  相似文献