橡胶产业现状与展望——2012年中国橡胶年会综述     

刘锐金  莫业勇 《热带作物学报》2012,32(6):76-79

对2012年橡胶年会上专家发表的观点进行综合,主要观点有：下游产业对橡胶的需求较为稳定;国内合成橡胶行业集中度高,产能过剩;影响天然橡胶供应的因素主要有种植面积、气候变化、地力、劳动力、政府政策、市场价格,未来几年增产空间小;国内天然橡胶产业由于基础设施投入少、科技转化率较低、政策扶持力度小等原因,未来发展困难多;投机行为对天然橡胶价格波动有重要的作用,轮胎企业应当加强价格风险的防范措施等。  相似文献   

基于GSM和SVM的区域年用水量回归预测模型研究     

徐纬芳  刘成忠 《沈阳农业大学学报》2011,42(2):238-240

区域年用水量受众多因素影响,具有非线性特点,而且还存在记录时间短、历史数据少等问题。基于支持向量机(SVM)小样本、非线性和泛化能力强的特性,建立了年用水量回归预测模型,利用网格搜索法(GSM)优化参数,并进行精度的检验。将模型应用于民勤县年用水量预测,结果表明:该预测模型的绝对误差和相对误差较小,精度较高,用于该县的年用水量预测是行之有效的。  相似文献   

施氮水平对多花黑麦草植株氮含量及反射光谱特征的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

杨红丽  陈功  吴建付 《草业学报》2011,20(3):239-244

植株氮含量是评价牧草群体长势、估测产量和确定最佳施肥量的重要指标。对不同施氮水平下多花黑麦草植株氮含量及冠层反射光谱特征进行了测试,分析了冠层反射光谱与植株氮含量之间的相关性。结果表明,施氮水平对多花黑麦草植株氮含量具有显著影响,植株氮含量随着施氮水平的增加有所升高。在可见光区域,冠层光谱反射率随施氮水平的增加而降低。植株氮含量与单波段反射率呈负相关关系,在波段487～718 nm范围内,相关系数绝对值都大于0.5(P<0.01)。利用敏感波段估测植株氮含量最优模型为y=4.362-0.754x₅₇₉+0.351x₇₀₀。以植被指数估测植株氮含量最佳模型为y=3.026-0.670DVI_(610,487)+4.997NDVI_(700,579)。植株氮含量估测值与实测值之间存在显著相关关系。  相似文献   

内蒙古东北部牧区1971—2005年地表干湿状况     

李银枝  敖丽良  乌尼尔  谢晓丽  徐东升  杨宝成 《安徽农业科学》2011,(19):11782-11783

利用1971～2005年内蒙古东北部呼伦贝尔市牧区4个站的月降水量、月平均气温和相时湿度资料,分析其地表干涅状况的时空分布和年际謇化特征。结果表明：19712005年呼伦贝尔市牧区春夏秋（冬季除外）季地表水分亏损面积在扩大,干旱化趋势加脚;牧区各站地表湿润指数和水分盈亏有差异,相对于全市其他地区而言,牧区比较干燥,水分亏损严重,这已严重影响牧区生产;敷区地衷湿润’指数呈减小趋势,地表趋于变干。由此推测,呼伦贝尔市牧区地表逐渐变干可能与降水量减少和气温的逐渐升高有关。  相似文献   

渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲植物气候生产力变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

满苏尔·沙比提  吐尼沙古丽·牙生 《干旱地区农业研究》2008,26(5):212-216

收集位于渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区的库车气象站和沙雅气象站1961～2000年的气温和降水实测资料,应用Thamthwaite Memorial模型计算渭于河一库车河三角洲绿洲区近40 a来自然植被净第一性气候生产力,并以回归分析和趋势线分析方法分析了其年际变化特征.结果表明:①近40 a来渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区自然植被净第一性气候生产力呈现出明显的增长趋势,其变化倾向率为28.21 g/(m2·10a),在40 a中增加约为112.84 g/m2,近40 a来研究区自然植被净第一性气候生产力的变化趋势为自北向南显著增加.②由于研究区水热条件的不同,自然植被净第一性气候生产力有明显的区域差异,整个研究区近40 a的自然植被净第一性气候生产力平均值为123.35 g/(m2·a),北部库车县137.10 g/(m2·a),南部沙雅县110.16 g/(m2·a),即自然植被净第一性气候生产力的空间分布是北高南低.③研究区自然植被净第一性气候生产力与年降水量的相关性优于自然植被净第一性气候生产力与年均气温之闻的相关性,因为渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲是个干旱区绿洲,气候干燥,水资源短缺,降水是自然植被净第一性气候生产力的主要限制因子.  相似文献   

广西珍贵乡土速生树种任豆苗木生长节律研究     

黄志玲  庞世龙  郝海坤  彭玉华  韦晓娟 《西南林学院学报》2011,(6):6-9

利用Logistic方程对任豆1年生播种苗的苗高、地径年生长节律进行拟合,并根据因素数列几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成一个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析。结果表明：Logistic方程拟合效果显著,年生长量表现出明显的“慢-快-慢-快-慢”的节律,采用有序样本聚类分析方法将苗木的生长过程划分为出苗期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期4个时期。关联度分析表明,空气温度对苗木的高生长影响最大,相对湿度影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响最大,相对湿度影响最小。  相似文献   

Nitrogen and winter cover crop effects on spring and summer nutrient uptake     

J. J. Read  G. E. Brink  M. R. McLaughlin  K. R. Sistani 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(3):381-390

Overseeded winter annuals in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] improve annual dry‐matter (DM) yield and capture nutrients in fields receiving manure application. This study determined the DM and nutrient uptake responses of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and bermudagrass‐winter fallow to 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha^?1 applied approximately 2 months before a single spring harvest, and in addition to swine‐effluent N (258 and 533 kg ha^?1 in summer 2000 and 2001, respectively). Under drought conditions in 2000, DM yield at the spring harvest was highest in ryegrass, and summer DM yield of bermudagrass was greater at 100 and 150 kg N ha^?1 than 50 kg N ha^?1(P < 0·05). The concentration and uptake of N at the spring harvest increased linearly across N rates in both years (P < 0.05). Cover crops differed in N uptake in 2000 (P < 0.01) and values ranged from approximately 141 kg N ha^?1 in berseem clover to 86 kg N ha^?1 in rye. Per unit of N applied, uptake of N increased by approximately 0·409 kg ha^?1 in 2000 and 0·267 kg ha^?1 in 2001; uptake of P increased by 0·029 and 0·014 kg ha^?1 respectively. In 2000, uptake of P was responsive to N rate and this relationship was significant (P < 0·01) in winter fallow (slope = 0·032) and ryegrass (slope = 0·057). Increased uptake of N and P at the single spring harvest was due mainly to higher concentrations in herbage and not higher DM yield.  相似文献   

Effects of planting soybean in summer fallow on wheat grain yield,total N and Zn in grain and available N and Zn in soil on the Loess Plateau of China     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2014

Dryland wheat is the major contributor to wheat production in the world, where water deficiency and poor soil fertility are key factors limiting wheat grain yields and nutrient concentrations. A field experiment was carried out from June 2008 to June 2011 at Shilipu (latitude 35.12°N, longitude 107.45°E and altitude 1200 m above sea level) on the Loess Plateau (a typical dryland) in China, to investigate the effects of rotation with soybean (Glycine max) green manure (GM) on grain yield, total N and total Zn concentrations in subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and on nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil. The benefits of crop rotation with soybean GM on wheat grain yields became more evident with time. In the second and third years, the grain yields of wheat rotated with soybean GM reached 4871 and 5089 kg ha⁻¹ at the 108 kg N ha⁻¹ rate. These yields were 21% and 12% higher than the highest yields of wheat under a fallow-winter wheat (FW) rotation. Rotation with soybean GM reduced the amount of N fertilizer required to obtain wheat grain yields and biomass levels similar to wheat grown in the FW rotation by 20–33%. In the first 2 years, average grain N concentrations over all N rates increased by 6% and 12%, and those of Zn increased by 26% and 14% under the soybean GM-winter wheat (SW) rotation, compared with the FW rotation. The increased grain N and Zn concentrations were found to be related to the increased concentrations of nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil, particularly at the sowing of winter wheat. However, grain N and Zn concentrations were not improved by rotation with soybean GM in the third year. This was attributed to the dilution effect caused by the more grain yield increase than its nutrient export. In conclusion, planting soybean for GM in fallow fields reduced the need for N fertilizer to enhance wheat yields in this dryland region. Change in wheat grain N and Zn concentrations was related to soil nutrient concentrations, and to the balance between increased grain yield and its nutrient export.  相似文献   

Seed dormancy and soil seedbank of the invasive weed Chenopodium hybridum in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

X W Hu  J Pan  D D Min  Y Fan  X Y Ding  S G Fan  C C Baskin  J M Baskin 《Weed Research》2017,57(1):54-64

Seed dormancy and persistence in the soil seedbank play a key role in timing of germination and seedling emergence of weeds; thus, knowledge of these traits is required for effective weed management. We investigated seed dormancy and seed persistence on/in soil of Chenopodium hybridum, an annual invasive weed in north‐western China. Fresh seeds are physiologically dormant. Sulphuric acid scarification, mechanical scarification and cold stratification significantly increased germination percentages, whereas dry storage and treatments with plant growth regulators or nitrate had no effect. Dormancy was alleviated by piercing the seed coat but not the pericarp. Pre‐treatment of seeds collected in 2012 and 2013 with sulphuric acid for 30 min increased germination from 0% to 66% and 62% respectively. Effect of cold stratification on seed germination varied with soil moisture content (MC) and duration of treatment; seeds stratified in soil with 12% MC for 2 months germinated to 39%. Burial duration, burial depth and their interaction had significant effects on seed dormancy and seed viability. Dormancy in fresh seeds was released from October to February, and seeds re‐entered dormancy in April. Seed viability decreased with time for seeds on the soil surface and for those buried at a depth of 5 cm, and 39% and 10%, respectively, were viable after 22 months. Thus, C. hybridum can form at least a short‐lived persistent soil seedbank.  相似文献   

A long‐term study of burning effects on a plant pathogen in tallgrass prairie          下载免费PDF全文

S. P. Dendy  B. Tong  H. M. Alexander  P. A. Fay  L. Murray  Y. Xing  K. A. Garrett 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1308-1317

Tallgrass prairie species have evolved with regular exposure to fire. However, burning has been used as a management tool for reducing plant disease in agricultural systems, posing the question of how plant pathogens of tallgrass prairie would be affected by burning. The rust fungus Puccinia dioicae, infecting Erigeron strigosus (Asteraceae), was studied for 8 years in long‐term experiments to evaluate the effects of burning in native tallgrass prairie. This experiment also allowed evaluation of the effects of nutrient additions, although E. strigosus was rare in the plots with added nutrients in most years. Burning reduced rust severity in most years, but effects from additions of nutrients were rarely observed. There was high interannual variation in rust severity within a location, suggesting that weather may be the most important of these three abiotic factors in determining infection. An analysis of weather variables associated with disease severity found that solar radiation in the month prior to sampling was associated with severity in unburned plots; temperature approximately 2 months prior to sampling was also associated with severity in burned plots. High interannual variation also suggests that the effects of this pathogen on its host would be sporadic and difficult to study in short‐term experiments.  相似文献