Hemagglutinating activity and electrophoretic pattern of hemolymph serum proteins of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii to white spot syndrome virus injections     

Roshan Pais  Malathi Shekar  Indrani Karunasagar  Iddya Karunasagar 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):529-534

The giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is known to be highly tolerant to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections when compared to the widely cultured marine tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. At present, the exact mechanism of tolerance by M. rosenbergii to WSSV is not known. In this study, we attempt to study the effect of WSSV injections on the hemagglutination activity of the hemolymph serum of both P. monodon and M. rosenbergii and look for changes if any, on their hemolymph serum protein electrophoretic patterns. Our results show that M. rosenbergii had significantly (p < 0.05) higher hemagglutinating activity against mouse erythrocytes when compared to P. monodon. As the infection progressed to 48 h there was a further increase (p < 0.05) in the hemagglutination activity in M. rosenbergii, while it decreased in P. monodon. 12% SDS-PAGE analysis of the hemolymph serum of M. rosenbergii infected with WSSV did not show any new protein bands, whereas few bands with decreased intensity was observed in moribund P. monodon where the hemagglutinating activity was also observed to be decreased. The results indicate that hemolymph hemagglutinin levels are modulated in crustaceans as a response to viral infections.  相似文献   

Characterization of lysozymes from three shellfish     

Kouji Miyauchi  Nobuyasu Tsubuku  Masahiro Matsumiya  Atsushi Mochizuki 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1404-1406

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Some proteolytic properties of hatching liquid in the sea trout,Salmo trutta m. trutta L.     

Zofia Luberda  Jerzy Strzezek  Miroslaw Luczynski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(1):75-80

Proteolytic activity of sea trout hatching liquid was examined towards casein and azocazein as a function of pH and temperature. The optimum pH for caseinolytic and azocaseinolytic activities were 9.4, and 9.0, respectively. At alkaline pH the enzyme was activated by low concentrations of Zn²⁺ ions (10⁻⁵ M). Maximum proteolytic activity of the hatching liquid was observed at 25°C. Temperatures exceeding 30°C caused a rapid reduction in enzyme activity. Proteolytic activity observed at 10°C was approximately 50% of that observed at 25°C. In general, a pseudo-Arrhenius plot indicated a Q₁₀ of 1.6 between 6 and 25°C.  相似文献   

Interaction of grammistins with lipids and their antibacterial activity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Hiroshi Yokota  Yuji Nagashima  Kazuo Shiomi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(5):928-933

ABSTRACT: Grammistins are hemolytic and ichthyotoxic peptides in the skin secretion of soapfishes and are structurally characterized by their abundance in amphiphilic α-helicity. In the present study, their interaction with lipids and lipid vesicles as well as antibacterial activity were examined using four grammistins (Gs 1 and Gs 2 from Grammistes sexlineatus and Pp 1 and Pp 3 from Pogonoperca punctata ). The hemolytic activity of grammistins was inhibited by phospholipids but not by cholesterol. Moreover, grammistins released carboxyfluorescein entrapped within liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine. In contrast, grammistins were found to have antibacterial activity with a broad spectrum against nine species of bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive groups. The potency of their antibacterial activity was not related to that of hemolytic activity, suggesting that grammistins bind to membrane phospholipids but lyse erythrocyte and bacterial membranes via different mechanisms. Conclusively, grammistins are new members of the family of cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides with amphiphilic α-helices, being similar to pardaxins, which are secreted from the skin of soles, and to melittin, which is derived from bee venom.  相似文献   

Effect of biofilm formation on antimicrobial tolerance of Flavobacterium psychrophilum     

Sundell K  Wiklund T 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(5):373-383

Treatment of bacterial fish diseases can be complicated by resistant bacterial biofilms harbouring pathogenic bacteria and causing recurrent exposure of fish to infections. In this study, the effect of biofilm formation on antimicrobial tolerance was examined using three bacterial isolates of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum and two antimicrobial agents, oxytetracycline and flumequine, commonly used in aquaculture. Planktonic and biofilm cells were exposed to a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), to a 3 × MIC concentration and to an environmental concentration level of each antimicrobial in 96-well microtitre plates after which growth on agar plates was measured. The type strain NCIMB1947 of F. psychrophilum was further used to study the development of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm cells. The results suggest that at high bacterial densities (>10(7) CFU mL(-1)), biofilm cells of F. psychrophilum are less susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the results imply that biofilm cells of F. psychrophilum may rapidly develop resistance to both oxytetracycline and flumequine if exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of these antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Comparison of 5′-inosine monophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate degrading activities among red,pink, and white muscle fibers of cultured carp     

Mutsuhide?TsuchimotoEmail author  Paula?A?G?Apablaza  Mutsuyosi?Tsuchimoto  Qin?Wang  Katsuyasu?Tachibana 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):205-212

ABSTRACT:   As part of a study to clarify the differences in the temporal change in K -value among fish species, the temporal change in K -value and the 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP) and p-nitrophenol phosphate (p-NPP) degrading activities in the red, pink, and white muscle fibers in the dorsal muscle of the carp were compared. The temporal change in K -value was fastest in red, followed by pink, and white muscle fibers, at both 0°C and 32°C. Moreover, the 5'-IMP and p-NPP degrading activities were highest in red, followed by pink, and white muscle fibers at near optimum pH concentrations. The 5'-IMP degrading activity at pH 7.0 had a positive correlation with the increasing rate of K -value at 32°C for all types of muscle fibers. These results suggest that differences in increasing rates of K -values between red, pink, and white muscle fibers corresponded to the 5'-IMP degrading activities.  相似文献   

Purification of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) GH for receptor study     

Pierre-Yves Le Bail  Geneviève Boulard  Bruno Barenton  Michel Zygmunt 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):243-251

A method for the purification of chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) GH, which retains its biological activity, is described. The biological activity was investigated with an established radioreceptor assay using liver membranes from pregnant rabbits and bovine GH as standard and labelled hormone. The enrichment of the preparation was checked with electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Extraction and further steps were carried out using low molarity alkaline buffer (pH 8–10, M = 100 mM). Three chromatography steps were performed (Concanavalin-A sepharose, Bio-gel P60, DEAE). Ion exchange chromatography was performed under isocratic conditions (using a 50 cm column). Two isoforms (sGH1 and sGH2) were isolated. The purification yield is 0.7% compared to lyophilized pituitaries. The molecule is homogeneous in SDS-PAGE. Contamination by prolactin, gonadotrophin and corticotrophin is negligible (< 0.5%). It could be demonstrated that the biological activity of the preparation is maintained since this preparation stimulates the growth of juvenile trout (Salmo gairdneri) and binds specifically (35%) to trout liver membranes.  相似文献   

Water quality affects SDH activity, protein content and RNA:DNA ratios in fish (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) raised in ponds of a sewage-fed fish farm     

Sonia Mukherjee 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(1):105-119

The spatial and seasonal variability of the respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and the protein content were examined in different tissues of fish cultured in three ponds along the effluent gradient of a sewage-fed fish farm. Indian major carp Catla catla (150-230 g) and Labeo rohita (60-190 g) cultured in both the middle and last points of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 1) and (stocking pond 4) and Oreochromis mossambicus (50-160 g), a naturally growing fish of the inlet (facultative pond) and the out let of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 4) were procured every month during the period of January-December, 2005 and were subjected to determination of succinate dehydrogenase activity, total protein, DNA and RNA contents from gill, liver and muscle tissue respectively. The SDH activity of all three test fishes (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) was reduced significantly (ANOVA; P < 0.05) when cultured in SP-4 compared to SP-1 in the case of Catla catla and Labeo rohita and in facultative pond in the case of Oreochromis mossambicus.Conspicuous differences in the SDH activity of fish between the last and first stocking pond or the facultative pond were clearly due to the result of the differences in water quality. There was a direct relationship between SDH activity in gill tissue of any of the fish investigated and ammonia-N concentration of water or water pH. This shows that the respiratory activity of these fishes was strongly affected by the ammonia and pH of water. In other words, this suggests that as the distance from the point source increases, there was a substantial improvement of water quality in the ponds located along the sewage effluent gradient. Evidently, there is a progressive pattern of growth, survival and physiological health of fish and abundance of favorable diversity of food organisms with rich biodiversity.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on the oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na/K ATPase of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia     

An-Li Wang  Wei-Na Wang  Yue Wang  Li-Xin Shang  Yuan Liu  Ru-Yong Sun   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):833-841

The 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N and the effects of dietary vitamin C on oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia were investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N was 36.6 mg l⁻¹ for the freshwater prawn, M. nipponense, at pH 8.0. When prawns were exposed to high ambient ammonia-N concentrations, the oxygen consumption rate increased and ammonia excretion decreased. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to higher oxygen consumption and lower ammonia excretion. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity increased with increased ambient ammonia-N exposure in the range of 0–18.3 mg l⁻¹, and then was reduced at ambient ammonia-N 36.6 mg l⁻¹. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities of prawns fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of prawns fed a diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C.  相似文献   

栉孔扇贝血淋巴中酯酶活性及其性质   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

孙虎山  王宜艳  王慧丽 《中国水产科学》2006,13(1):39-44

采用紫外分光光度法测定栉孔扇贝（Chlamysfarreri）血淋巴中酯酶的活性，并研究底物、抑制剂、激活剂、温度、pH对酯酶活力的影响及酶的热稳定性。结果表明，栉孔扇贝血清与血细胞中均存在酯酶，且血细胞中的酶活力高于血清。血清与血细胞中酯酶的最适作用底物有所不同，血清中为α-醋酸萘酯，而血细胞中为α-丁酸萘酯。当以α-醋酸萘酯为底物时，血清中酯酶的最适温度为45℃，最适pH值为7．5；以α-丁酸萘酯为底物时，血清中酯酶的最适温度为40℃，最适pH值为8．0。以α-醋酸萘酯及α-丁酸萘酯为底物分别测定酶的热稳定时，酶活力变化相似，在20℃时活力最高，而后缓慢下降。栉孔扇贝血淋巴中酯酶属中温型中性酶类，低温下较稳定，底物专一性不强，血清中的酯酶可能来自血细胞，该酶在贝类的免疫防御中町发挥重要的作用。  相似文献