Determination of apparent digestibility coefficient in fish by stable carbon isotopes     

A.C.B. OLIVEIRA  L.A. MARTINELLI  M.Z. MOREIRA  & J.E.P. CYRINO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(1):10-13

Estimation of the apparent digestibility coefficient ADC(%) of C₃ and C₄ plants in experimental diets for fingerlings of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) was calculated by applying chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) external marker methodology and by a proposed mathematical expression based on the isotopic composition (δ¹³C). A total of 240 tambaqui fingerlings each weighing ±48.2 g and measuring ±9.8 cm were maintained in eight 500‐L aquariums specially designed for faeces collection. The ADC(%) of the C₃ and C₄ diets did not differ significantly between the two methods, producing results of 75.6%; 76.2% and 74.4%; 72.8%, respectively. The ADC(%) results obtained by isotopic method presented less variation than by chromic oxide. The proposed mathematical expression for calculating the ADC(%) based on δ¹³C values offers an alternative methodology, which can reduce errors and diminish the effort required to collect biological material. However, it is important to note that this method is limited to analysis of diets or food items with distinct isotopic signals.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and amino acids of acid, biological and enzymatic silage for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)     

R. BORGHESI  L. PORTZ  M. OETTERER  & J.E.P. CYRINO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(3):242-248

Using the fish silage to partially replace proteic feedstuff in aquafeeds is an alternative to mitigate sanitary and environmental problems caused by the lack of adequate destination for fisheries residues. It would also lower feed costs, consequently improving fish culture profitability. However, using fish silages in aquafeeds depends on determination of its apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC). This work aimed to determining the ADC of crude protein and amino acids of acid silage (AS), biological silage (BS) and enzymatic silage (ES) for juvenile Nile tilapia (94.5 ± 12.7 g). The ADC_CP was: 92.0%, 89.1% and 93.7% for AS, BS and SE respectively. The average ADC of amino acids was: 91.8%, 90.8% and 94.6% for AS, BS and ES respectively. Results encourage the use of AS, BS and ES to partially replace protein sources in balanced diets for neotropical fish.  相似文献   

木薯粉对罗非鱼生长、饲料利用和鱼体营养成分的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

田雪  华雪铭  周洪琪 《水产学报》2008,32(1):71-76

选择健康的吉富罗非鱼(体重1.29±0.25 g)为实验鱼,配制五种木薯粉含量分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%的等氮(粗蛋白为32%)、等能(总能为16 kJ·g-1)实验饲料,饲喂罗非鱼56 d,每饲料组设三个重复,研究不同含量木薯粉对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用及全鱼营养成分的影响.结果表明:(1)木薯粉能提高罗非鱼的增重和蛋白质效率,其中以40%木薯粉组的效果最佳,其增重率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数分别为1470.99%(P＜0.05)、2.36(P＜0.05)和1.27(P＜0.05).(2)40%木薯粉组的干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率分别较对照组提高13.87%(P＜0.05)和7.93%(P＜0.05).(3)40%木薯粉组的全鱼粗蛋白、粗灰分分别较对照组显著提高7.07%(P＜0.05)和8.78%(P＜0.05),粗脂肪降低了13.00%(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

Dietary formic acid enhances apparent digestibility of minerals in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Vielma  & S. P. Lall 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(4):265-268

The effect of dietary formic acid on the availability of phosphorus (P) from a fishmeal-based diet by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), reared in brackish water (5–6 g L⁻¹) was determined. Diets containing a low amount of P (6.0 mg P g⁻¹ dry matter) were acidified with 0, 4 and 10 mL kg⁻¹ formic acid and fed to trout (average weight, 520 g) for 4 weeks. The measured pH of the diets were 6.3, 5.8 and 5.3, respectively. The intestinal solubility of P and the digestibility of P were measured by stripping the faecal matter from the fish. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of P significantly ( P < 0.05) increased from 69.5% to 75.0% of the basal diet in fish fed diets containing 10 mL kg⁻¹ formic acid. The solubility of P in the intestine was highly variable within each treatment, and the differences were not significant. The pH of intestinal content increased with the increase in dietary formic acid concentration. The ADC of magnesium and calcium also showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase with the acidification of diet by formic acid.  相似文献   

生长猪对菜粕和豆粕中磷真消化率的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

左建军  汪儆  张铁鹰  冯定远  王修启  印遇龙  范明哲 《华北农学报》2007,22(2):175-179

选用6头健康大白×长白阉公猪为消化试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,设6个磷水平(0.11%,0.22%,0.33%,0.44%,0.55%,0.53%),以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础,以菜粕为待测植物性饲料,配制半纯合试验饲粮,其中菜粕和豆粕为磷唯一来源。日粮中添加0.35%Cr2O3作为外源指示剂。分6个试验期(每期8 d,6 d适应期,2d收粪期),测定了生长猪内源磷排泄量及菜粕和豆粕磷的真消化率。结果表明:生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.210 8g/kg DMI,菜粕、豆粕及6个半纯合饲粮中磷表观消化率分别为-0.30%,25.77%,7.25%,16.29%,16.54%,23.62%,15.04%,28.97%,而其真消化率分别为10.21%,32.94%,26.22%,23.62%,22.95%,23.57%,22.81%,32.94%。说明饲料磷真消化率更能反映动物对饲料磷消化吸收的真实情况,具有相对较好的重演性。  相似文献   

氮肥基追比例对测墒补灌小麦植株氮素利用及土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

张振  于振文  张永丽  石玉 《水土保持学报》2018,32(5):240-245

以中筋小麦济麦22为试材,在小麦拔节期和开花期0—40cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至70%和总施氮量为240kg/hm~2条件下,设置5个氮肥基追比例处理:0∶10(N1)、3∶7(N2)、5∶5(N3)、7∶3(N4)、10∶0(N5),研究测墒补灌节水栽培条件下氮肥基追比例对小麦植株氮素利用和土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响。结果表明:N3处理的植株氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量显著高于其他基追比例处理;营养器官氮素积累量、土壤矿质氮损失量、氮肥表观残留率和氮肥表观损失率显著低于其他处理。与N1、N2、N4、N5处理相比,N3处理的氮素生理利用率分别高33.22%,12.60%,11.54%,98.14%,籽粒氮素利用率高148.65%,56.48%,59.63%,229.29%,氮肥农学效率高96.52%,34.86%,37.64%,204.98%,氮素表观盈亏量分别低35.04%,13.82%,30.36%,29.30%。根据不同氮肥基追比例下各指标的相关系数分析表明,植株氮素积累量、籽粒氮素积累量、氮素生理利用率、籽粒氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率与土壤硝态氮积累量、成熟期0—200cm土层土壤矿质氮残留总量均呈显著负相关。综上,氮肥基追比例为5∶5的N3处理为试验条件下的最优处理。  相似文献   

多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值评定     

张晓佩  刘远  高承芳  李文杨  董晓宁 《中国农学通报》2014,30(32):6-9

为评定多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值,研究以福建黄兔为对象,对2 个多花黑麦草品种采用全粪收集法进行消化试验。结果表明：福建黄兔生长兔对多花黑麦草‘美克斯’和‘海里克斯’干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（ash）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）和无氮浸出物（NFE）的表观消化率分别为：52.67%、82.68%、21.70%、26.58%、28.59%、68.37%、57.69%、71.64%、70.82%、64.38%和50.45%、79.53%、24.69%、30.45%、32.69%、69.84%、59.38%、70.48%、69.31%、69.30%。其中生长兔对多花黑麦草DM、CP、EE、Ca 和P 的表观消化率较高,对CF的表观消化率较低。  相似文献   

杂交棉标杂A1和石杂2号超高产冠层特性及其与群体光合生产的关系   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

杜明伟  冯国艺  姚炎帝  罗宏海  张亚黎  夏东利  张旺锋 《作物学报》2009,35(6):1068-1077

在田间自然条件下, 以标杂A₁、石杂2号为材料, 研究了超高产(3 500 kg hm^-2以上)杂交棉冠层的叶面积配置、叶倾角和光分布等冠层特性的变化及与群体光合生产的关系。结果表明, 超高产条件下杂交棉叶面积指数高且持续期长, 群体叶面积配置与光分布较均匀, 花铃期冠层中部有较好的透光性, 吐絮期底部漏光损失较小, 整个冠层仍保持较高的光吸收率。超高产杂交棉不仅群体光合速率峰值高, 而且高值持续时间长, 生育后期非叶器官仍维持较高的光合能力, 特别是茎的光合贡献率为常规高产棉花的1.6~4.9倍, 这是杂交棉在生育后期能保证群体光合优势的一个重要原因。超高产杂交棉的棉铃干物质空间分布与叶分布、光分布和冠层光合分布的比例吻合程度较高, 保证了光能的有效利用, 促进同化物及时向棉铃转运, 有利于挖掘杂交棉品种的增产潜力。  相似文献   

两株侧耳属真菌对小麦秸秆化学组分及瘤胃消化率的影响     

张洪生  ;梁军锋  ;张克强  ;陈秀为  ;赵润  ;张金凤 《农业环境保护》2009,(10):2185-2188

小麦秸秆木质素含量高,蛋白质等营养物质含量低,作为反刍家畜的粗饲料营养价值低,饲料化利用受到限制。通过室内小麦秸秆固态发酵试验,研究了两株侧耳属真菌Tf1（Pleurotussajor—c4u）和JG1（PleurotusCornucopiaeRoll）对小麦秸秆细胞壁化学组分的降解、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,经菌株JG1、Tf1和两菌复合发酵21d的小麦秸秆,木质素降解率分别为28．20％、30．78％和38．41％,纤维素降解率分别为19．26％、19．28％和26．65％;48h干物质瘤胃消化率分别比未发酵秸秆提高了38．62％、44．81％和55．89％,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率分别提高了38．91％、49．00％和63．08％;粗蛋白含量分别比未发酵秸秆提高了58．60％、69．53％和72．22％。表明菌株JG1和Tf1在选择性降解木质素,改善瘤胃消化率,提高粗蛋白含量方面的优势,而且两菌株复合发酵具有协同作用,与单菌发酵相比,木质素降解率、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量都明显提高。  相似文献   

墨西哥玉米结构日粮对五龙鹅的氮平衡及钙磷消化率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王宝维  吴晓平  刘光磊  贾晓晖  张名爱 《吉林农业大学学报》2004,26(2):201-205

将32只9月龄健康五龙公鹩完全随机分为4组,每组8个重复,各组分别给予不同纤维水平的同蛋白、同能量的墨西哥玉米干草粉结构日粮,采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,研究不同水平的墨西哥玉米干草粉纤维素源对五龙鹩的氮平衡及钙、磷消化率的影响。结果表明:随着日粮纤维含量的提高,干物质(DM)消化率逐渐降低,粪中NH4+-N的含量逐渐降低,沉积氮及氮总利用率组间差异不显著(P>0.05),钙表观消化率组间差异不显著(P>0.05),磷表观消化率升高(P<0.05)。  相似文献