Development of Insect-Resistant Hybrid Rice by Introgressing the Bt Gene from Bt Rice Huahui 1 into 11-32A/B,a Widely Used Cytogenic Male Sterile System     

LAI Yun-song  ;HUANG Hai-qing  ;XU Meng-yun  ;WANG Liang-chao  ;ZHANG Xiao-bo  ;ZHANG Ji-wen  ;TU Ju-min 《农业科学学报》2014,13(10):2081-2090

Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR （TAIL-PCR）. Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B （maintainer line） and II-32A （male sterile line）. Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.  相似文献   

大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼和幼鱼肠道组织的影响     

吴莉芳  邢秀苹  赖红娥 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(10):7-14

【目的】研究大豆抗原蛋白大豆球蛋白(Glycinin)对鲤稚鱼、幼鱼肠道组织的影响。【方法】分别以初始体质量为(10.12±0.08)g/尾的鲤稚鱼、(116.89±0.13)g/尾的鲤幼鱼为试验对象,在控温单循环养殖系统中进行饲养试验。以鱼粉为动物蛋白源,混合油脂(m(玉米油)∶m(鱼油)=1∶1)为脂肪源,糊精、面粉作为饲料糖源,分别配制成5种等氮(鲤稚鱼和幼鱼饲料粗蛋白含量分别约为400和360g/kg)等能(总能分别约为16.9和15.2MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,其中大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin的添加量分别为0(对照),30,60,90,120g/kg。每组饲料设3个重复,进行为期8周的饲养试验。饲养试验结束后,采用组织学方法,探讨大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼、幼鱼肠道组织的影响。【结果】在本试验条件下,大豆抗原蛋白Glyicinin添加量为30,60,90,120g/kg组的鲤稚鱼中肠和后肠皱襞高度显著低于对照组(P0.05);而前肠皱襞高度、肠质量、肠长、肠体指数和肠长指数在各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。随着大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin添加量的增加,鲤幼鱼前肠、中肠和后肠皱襞高度呈下降趋势。其中,大豆抗原蛋白Glyicinin的添加量为60,90,120g/kg组鲤幼鱼后肠皱襞高度、肠质量显著低于对照组(P0.05);而Glyicinin的添加量为120g/kg组鲤幼鱼肠长和肠长指数显著低于对照组(P0.05);前肠和中肠皱襞高度在各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。从肠道形态变化来看,当Glyicinin添加量为60g/kg时,鲤稚鱼肠绒毛开始出现局部断裂或破损;当Glyicinin添加量为90和120g/kg时肠道组织形态进一步被破坏,中肠和后肠受到Glycinin的影响较严重。当Glyicinin添加量为60g/kg时,鲤幼鱼肌层开始出现变薄的现象;当Glyicinin添加量为90和120g/kg时,肠道形态受到的影响较显著,绒毛出现断裂或者缺失。【结论】当鲤稚鱼饲料中大豆抗原蛋白Glyicinin的添加量为30g/kg时,就会引起中肠和后肠皱襞高度下降;而当Glyicinin的添加量为60g/kg时会引起鲤幼鱼后肠皱襞高度下降,同时鲤稚鱼和鲤幼鱼肠道形态开始出现不同程度的破坏。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary β‐(1,3)(1,6)‐D‐glucan supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology and haemato‐immunological profile of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)     

H. Kühlwein  D. L. Merrifield  M. D. Rawling  A. D. Foey  S. J. Davies 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(2):279-289

In recent years, aquaculture research has focused on probiotics, prebiotics, and β‐glucans, in order to improve health status and growth performance. Information regarding the effects of β‐glucan on growth performance and intestinal immunity of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is scarce. An experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of a yeast β‐glucan preparation (MacroGard^®) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato‐immunological indices of mirror carp. Carp (initial weight 11.1 ± 0.0 g) were fed highly purified diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.1%, 1% or 2% MacroGard^® for 8 weeks. Fish fed diets containing 1% and 2% MacroGard^® showed significant improvements in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to fish fed both the control and the 0.1% MacroGard^® containing diet. Histological appraisal of the intestine showed a significantly higher infiltration of leucocytes into the epithelial layer of fish fed diets supplemented with 1% and 2% MacroGard^® in the anterior intestine compared to fish fed the control and 0.1% MacroGard^® diet. This effect was not observed in the posterior intestine. There were no significant differences in the intestinal absorptive surface area and number of goblet cells in either intestinal region. At the end of the experiment, the haematological status of the fish was examined. Compared to control fed fish, the haematocrit value was significantly elevated in fish fed the 2% MacroGard^® diet. Furthermore, the blood monocyte fraction was significantly higher in fish fed the 1% and 2% MacroGard^® diets. No significant changes were observed in the other blood parameters assessed. The present study shows that high dietary β‐glucan inclusion increases growth performance without detrimental effects on the health indicators assessed. Increased intraepithelial leucocytes in the anterior intestine may indicate a localized immune response; no detrimental effects on intestinal morphology were observed.  相似文献   

Ovarian development and related changes in steroid hormones in female wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), from the south‐eastern Caspian Sea     

A. Vazirzadeh  B. Mojazi Amiri  A. Fostier 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(6):1060-1067

Wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) is a native valuable but threatened species from the south‐eastern Caspian Sea in which the endocrine control of its reproduction has not been studied. The objectives of this research were to study the reproductive strategy and changes in steroid hormones during ovarian development. From October 2009 to June 2010, 65 adult females were caught from the Golestan coast (Iran) and the ovarian histology, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (GSI and HSI) were studied. Also, the plasma profiles of steroid hormones including testosterone (T), 17β‐estradiol (E2) and 17α‐, 20β‐dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The GSI increased gradually during sampling times and reached maximum value at the peak of reproduction season, but the HSI decreased during spawning season. All stages of ovarian development, except the stage of Balbiani bodies, were recorded macro‐ and microscopically. Spent fish were caught at six of nine sampling times. The peaks of spawning were at late winter and early spring. The results of this study showed that the majority of wild carp collected during the sampling period displayed asynchronous oocyte development. Plasma T showed no significant differences during sampling times or at different stages of ovarian development. The level of E2 decreased gradually during sampling times reached minimum value at the spawning season, and highest value was recorded at tertiary vitellogenesis stage. The plasma levels of DHP during late winter and early spring were significantly higher than those of other sampling periods and its maximum level associated with oocyte maturation stage.  相似文献   

铅暴露对黄河鲤鱼黏液细胞数量和类型的影响     

张红梅 《动物医学进展》2009,30(7):26-29

利用阿新蓝过碘酸雪夫染色方法,研究了铅浸泡对鲤鱼黏液细胞的影响。结果表明,铅暴露对于黏液细胞数量的影响是先增后降,方差分析表明,Pb2+0.01、0.1 mg/L组口腔上皮和后肠,0.1 mg/L组鳃丝,以及所有试验组前肠和中肠黏液细胞密度与对照组相比均显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),而2 mg/L和5 mg/L组口腔上皮和后肠,0.01、2、5 mg/L组鳃丝上黏液细胞密度与对照组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。铅对于黏液细胞类型的影响是可以促进Ⅱ型黏液细胞,抑制Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型黏液细胞的形成。  相似文献   

青鱼对十四种饲料的消化率   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘玉良  朱雅珠 《水产科技情报》1990,17(6):166-169

以三氧化二铬(Cr_2O_3)为指示剂测定了青鱼(Mylophayngodon piceus)鱼种对饲料酵母、糊精、酪蛋白、豆饼粉、脱脂蚕蛹粉、玉米粉、麸皮、大麦粉、药用鱼粉、花生饼粉、棉仁饼粉、菜饼粉、苜蓿粉、青草粉共14种饲料的表观总消化率以及营养物质的消化率,并测算了总能量、能量蛋白比(C/P)以及可消化能。在水温25～28℃试验条件下,青鱼对酪蛋白的消化率最高,达93.8%;其次是饲料酵母、糊精、豆饼粉、脱脂蚕蛹粉、玉米、麸皮、消化率在82.1%～69.5%间;再次为大麦粉、棉仁粉饼、药用鱼粉、花生饼粉和菜饼粉,消化率在66.9%～45.9%间;苜蓿和草粉的消化率最差,为36.3%和22%。青鱼对营养物质的消化率有以下特点: 1.饲料中粗纤维含量与总消化率呈明显的负相关。2.粗蛋白含量与蛋白质消化率呈抛物线相关,当蛋白质在35%～40%时,蛋白质消化率最高。3.青鱼对脂肪的消化率很高,达90%以上。4.青鱼对碳水化合物具一定的消化能力。  相似文献   

草鱼IgM的表达及B淋巴细胞的抗菌活性          下载免费PDF全文

张梦兰  卢志杰  詹凡玢  李亚男  施斐  赵丽娟  林蠡  秦真东 《水产学报》2021,45(1):115-124

为了更加了解草鱼B淋巴细胞吞噬活性,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)检测了IgM在胚胎发育中的表达量,并且检测了IgM在不同组织中的分布以及细菌刺激下IgM的转录情况。结果显示,IgM在卵裂期到出膜前期的表达量变化不明显,在出膜后开始显著增加;IgM在检测的组织中均有分布,在头肾中表达量最高,并且其表达量在不同细菌的刺激下均显著上调。从草鱼外周血中分离纯化得到B淋巴细胞,并通过吉姆萨染色、qRT-PCR和间接免疫荧光进行了验证。细菌吞噬实验结果显示,B淋巴细胞对嗜水气单胞菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并随孵育时间增加而逐渐增强。细菌刺激B淋巴细胞后活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放量显著上升;血清调理实验结果显示,通过血清调理可以显著促进B淋巴细胞ROS的释放,然而对NO的释放水平没有显著影响。研究表明,草鱼B淋巴细胞对细菌具有一定的吞噬能力,并且可以通过呼吸爆发等非特异性免疫的方式直接参与抗菌免疫。  相似文献   

三棱碘泡虫 (粘体动物门：碘泡科) 重描述及其系统发育关系分析     

刘新华  翁美其  宋锐  赵媛莉  李爱华  章晋勇 《水产学报》2021,45(8):1340-1349

为有效鉴定三棱碘泡虫的有效性,补充其生物学特征,实验利用现代粘孢子虫整合分类学方法,包括形态特征、寄生特性(宿主特征和寄生部位)及分子特征,对其进行重新描述,证实其分类有效性,探讨其系统发育关系。结果显示,三棱碘泡虫专性寄生于草鱼鳃丝间,未在其他器官(肝脏、肾脏、肠道等)检获孢子。包囊呈乳白色,长椭圆形,长(2.4±0.3)(2.1～2.7) mm,宽(0.8±0.1)(0.6～0.9) mm。成熟孢子壳面观呈卵圆形,孢子后端未见"V"形褶皱,孢子外包裹有一层透明的圆形黏液膜,缝面观呈纺锤形,孢子缝面可见三条平行而突出的脊线;孢质均匀,孢子后端具有一个大嗜碘泡;成熟孢子长(10.3±0.4)(9.4～11.0)μm,宽(9.5±0.5)(8.7～10.9)μm,厚(7.4±0.5)(6.4～8.0)μm;两极囊等大,梨形,极丝7～8圈;组织病理显示,病灶鳃组织未出现严重炎症反应。BLAST比对发现,三棱碘泡虫与隐杆碘泡虫小核糖体RNA序列相似性最高(89.58%),但远低于种内序列相似性。分子系统发育分析结果显示,三棱碘泡虫先与寄生于鲤科鱼类的隐杆碘泡虫形成姊妹关系,再与寄生于胭脂鱼科鱼类鳃的诺布尔碘泡虫、微小碘泡虫及毕斯塔斯碘泡虫形成独立的鳃寄生碘泡虫分枝,表明宿主亲缘关系与组织趋向性在鱼类组织寄生碘泡科粘孢子虫系统演化历程中扮演重要作用。本研究补充了三棱碘泡虫包囊形态结构、组织趋向性及分子数据,证实了其分类有效性。  相似文献   

障碍物对鲢幼鱼游泳动力学的影响     

石小涛  姜泽文  涂志英  罗金梅  陶宇  雷青松  柯森繁 《水产学报》2021,45(8):1406-1414

为了解鱼在复杂水流环境中的运动行为,提升鱼道过鱼效果,实验通过在水槽中放置障碍物,分析不同来流速度(1,3和5 BL/s)(BL/s即体长每秒)下鲢幼鱼顶流静止和顶流前进时的游泳动力学表现,提取的游泳动力学指标有摆尾频率、摆尾幅度、对地游泳速度、游泳加速度和运动步长。结果发现,半流速度1 BL/s下,与自由来流相比,鲢幼鱼在障碍物后方顶流静止时,摆尾频率降低,摆尾幅度增加;顶流前进时,摆尾频率、对地游泳速度、游泳加速度和运动步长降低,摆尾幅度增加。半流速度3 BL/s下,障碍物有助于节省鱼类运动能量的消耗。在有障碍物的水流中,顶流静止时的摆尾频率随流速的增加而增加;顶流前进时,摆尾频率、摆尾幅度和游泳加速度随流速增大而增大,而运动步长随流速增大而减小。位置偏好研究表明,当流速为3 BL/s时,鲢幼鱼明显集中在距离障碍物后方约5～30 cm处游动,停留时间占比达92.5%,可能采用了卡门步态的运动模式;当流速为1和5 BL/s时,鲢幼鱼没有表现出非常明显的位置偏好;在自由来流中,鲢常贴壁游泳,亦没有明显的位置偏好,表明障碍物和流速的结合可为鱼类提供水流藏匿场,研究结果为鱼道设计提供重要参考依据。  相似文献   

添加圆苞车前子壳粉的鲢鱼糜凝胶工艺优化及其凝胶特性          下载免费PDF全文

朱亚军  叶韬  王云  林琳  陆剑锋 《水产学报》2021,45(7):1140-1150

圆苞车前子壳粉(psyllium husk powder, PHP)是一种富含膳食纤维的食品亲水胶体。为了解其在鱼糜制品中的作用,本实验以冷冻鲢鱼糜为研究对象,以凝胶强度和持水性(water holding capacity, WHC)为考察指标,研究了PHP的添加量、凝胶化温度和凝胶化时间3个因素对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验和验证试验。正交试验结果得到最佳工艺条件:PHP添加量0.1%,凝胶化温度45°C,凝胶化时间2 h。单因素试验结果表明,添加适量PHP (0.1%～0.3%)能够增加鱼糜凝胶的硬度和WHC,但对破断距离有不利影响;根据验证试验中蒸煮损失率、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)分析,PHP的添加降低了较高凝胶化温度时凝胶的蒸煮损失,PHP或许可以促进肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain, MHC)分子间交联,减缓蛋白质降解,形成更加致密的凝胶结构。本研究对PHP作为一种新型食品原料应用于开发优质健康鱼糜制品进行了初步的探究,以期为丰富亲水胶在影响鱼糜凝胶特性中的应用研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献